Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...

Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...

01.01.2013 Views

Army Pearl Harbor Board 487 clock on the wall and at my watch.” Th e long Japanese reply was on Marshall’s desk when he came in. Marshall read it and then “a discussion of the entire communication” ensued. 168 Bratton urged the APHB to obtain, not only the Japanese reply to the U.S. November 26 “ultimatum,” but also the 30 or 40 other messages which preceded it; that is, the exchanges between the Ambassador in Washington and the foreign minister in Tokyo. . . . And consider the picture that lay before all of our policy-making and planning offi cials, from the Secretary of State down through the Secretary of War, to the Chief of the War Plans Division. Th ey all had the same picture; and it was a picture that was being painted over a period of weeks, if not months. 169 APHB Obtains Japanese Intercepts – Finally! On October 6, 1944, the board gained access to the 45 to 50 intercepts requested. 170 After it actually had the intercepts in hand, it questioned a few fi nal witnesses and then its proceedings were concluded. The Army Pearl Harbor Board Report Th e APHB’s hearings and those of the NCI had run concurrently, the NCI from July 24 through September 27, 1944, the APHB from August 7 through October 6. Th e NCI report was dated October 19, that of the APHB, October 20, 1944. 171 168Ibid., pp. 2419, 2420, 2422. 169Ibid., p. 2424. 170Ibid., p. 2449. For list of documents, see ibid., pp. 2456–57; for documents themselves, see part 31, pp. 3235–58. 171Ibid., part 39, pp. 23–178, APHB Report, October 20, 1944; ibid., pp. 179–230, Appendix to Report; ibid., pp. 231–69, Judge Advocate General (Major General) Myron C. Cramer’s analyses.

488 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy Th e APHB issued a detailed report describing the background of the attack, the situation in Washington and in Hawaii, and the responsibilities of the several offi cials. It had brought out in the course of its hearings several signifi cant points not previously covered in depth: a. Th e Army was clearly responsible for the defense of the fl eet when it was at its home base in Pearl Harbor; b. Given the instructions he had received, Short appeared justifi ed in ordering Alert #1 for sabotage; c. Short’s Washington superior commander, Marshall, was obviously familiar with Short’s system of alerts and should have notifi ed Short if his order for a sabotage alert, issued in response to Washington’s November 27 warning, was not considered adequate; d. Short had been told very little about the crisis that Washington offi cialdom knew was looming; e. Th e attack on Pearl Harbor apparently took everyone by surprise, not only in Hawaii but also in Washington. Offi cials both in Washington and Hawaii had expected the fi rst Japanese strike would be in the western Pacifi c or southeast Asia and, quite likely, the Phillippines. f. Two witnesses—Kimmel and Saff ord—revealed that, as a result of decoded Japanese intercepts, Washington offi - cials had had access to considerable intelligence concerning Japanese intentions, which was not furnished the Hawaiian commanders. Th e APHB was impressed by the quantity and quality of the intelligence available in Washington. Th e record shows that from informers and other sources the War Department had complete and detailed information of Japanese intentions. Information of the evident Japanese intention to go to war in the very near future was well known to the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War,

Army <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Board 487<br />

clock on the wall <strong>and</strong> at my watch.” Th e long Japanese reply was<br />

on Marshall’s desk when he came in. Marshall read it <strong>and</strong> then “a<br />

discussion <strong>of</strong> the entire communication” ensued. 168<br />

Bratton urged the APHB to obtain, not only the Japanese<br />

reply to the U.S. November 26 “ultimatum,” but also<br />

the 30 or 40 other messages which preceded it; that is, the<br />

exchanges between the Ambassador in Washington <strong>and</strong> the<br />

foreign minister in Tokyo. . . . And consider the picture that lay<br />

before all <strong>of</strong> our policy-making <strong>and</strong> planning <strong>of</strong>fi cials, from the<br />

Secretary <strong>of</strong> State down through the Secretary <strong>of</strong> War, to the<br />

Chief <strong>of</strong> the War Plans Division. Th ey all had the same picture;<br />

<strong>and</strong> it was a picture that was being painted over a period <strong>of</strong><br />

weeks, if not months. 169<br />

APHB Obtains Japanese Intercepts – Finally!<br />

On October 6, 1944, the board gained access to the 45 to 50<br />

intercepts requested. 170<br />

After it actually had the intercepts in h<strong>and</strong>, it questioned a<br />

few fi nal witnesses <strong>and</strong> then its proceedings were concluded.<br />

<strong>The</strong> Army <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Board Report<br />

Th e APHB’s hearings <strong>and</strong> those <strong>of</strong> the NCI had run concurrently,<br />

the NCI from July 24 through September 27, 1944, the<br />

APHB from August 7 through October 6. Th e NCI report was<br />

dated October 19, that <strong>of</strong> the APHB, October 20, 1944. 171<br />

168Ibid., pp. 2419, 2420, 2422.<br />

169Ibid., p. 2424.<br />

170Ibid., p. 2449. For list <strong>of</strong> documents, see ibid., pp. 2456–57; for documents<br />

themselves, see part 31, pp. 3235–58.<br />

171Ibid., part 39, pp. 23–178, APHB Report, October 20, 1944; ibid., pp.<br />

179–230, Appendix to Report; ibid., pp. 231–69, Judge Advocate General<br />

(Major General) Myron C. Cramer’s analyses.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!