Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Army Pearl Harbor Board 485 Department,” 158 being held in tight security and “will be made available to you later.” 159 Bratton had been convinced on December 3 that war with Japan was imminent. On that day a December 2 message from Tokyo directing the Japanese embassy in Washington to burn its codes, to stop using their code machine, and to destroy it completely, had been translated. 160 “After the receipt of this translation,” Bratton said, “any further intercepts that were brought to me would simply contribute toward the climax that I saw coming. Th is was it.” 161 He “had a feeling that further warnings or alerts should be sent out to our overseas commands. Gerow felt that suffi cient warning had been sent. Miles thought he couldn’t go over Gerow’s decision” because of the War Department policy then in eff ect that War Department G-2 (Intelligence) should not send out any intelligence to the G-2s of tactical commands or overseas departments “which might produce an operational reaction, without the complete concurrence of the War Plans Division.” 162 Bratton “still felt uneasy” and thought “further warnings should be sent out.” He went to the Navy Department to see Commander McCollum, head of the Far Eastern Section in ONI. McCollum felt as Bratton did and was going to write up a warning and “try to get the Chief of Naval Operations to dispatch it.” McCollum told Bratton also that the Navy’s “S.I.S. man in Honolulu, a Commander Rochefort . . . had all the information that we had, and was listening for this Japanese winds-weather broadcast.” McCollum suggested that Bratton instruct Army’s G-2 in Hawaii to talk with Rochefort at once, “as in a short 158Ibid., part 29, p. 2417. 159Ibid., p. 2416. 160Ibid., part 12, p. 215; part 31, p. 3250. 161Ibid., part 29, p. 2442. 162Ibid., pp. 2444, 2453.
486 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy period of time Rochefort could tell Colonel Fielder, our G-2, exactly what was going on and what we knew.” Th us Bratton tried by this indirect route to communicate his fears to Army’s G-2 in Hawaii. 163 When delivering the Japanese intercepts, Bratton’s usual practice was to go fi rst to Marshall, Miles, and Gerow, and then to the State Department. He had followed this procedure the evening of December 6, when delivering the fi rst 13 parts of the Japanese reply. Bratton said he “very seldom” delivered the locked pouch of intercepts to Marshall in person. Th at evening he had left the “locked bag” containing Marshall’s copy with his secretary, Colonel Bedell Smith, advising him “that it was an important document. . . and that the Chief of Staff . . . [s]hould see it right away.” 164 Bratton had then made delivery in person to G-2’s Miles, with whom he had discussed the message at some length. 165 He had left the copy of the message for Gerow with his “executive offi cer,” Colonel Gailey. 166 Th en, at about 10 or 10:30 Bratton had gone with the 13-part message to the Department of State, where he had delivered the locked pouch “to the watch offi cer in the State Department, with the request that it be gotten to Mr. Hull immediately.” 167 Th e next morning, after receiving the last installment of the Japanese reply and the 1:00 p.m. deadline message at about 8:30– 9:00 a.m., Bratton spent a couple of frantic hours trying to locate Marshall. When he fi nally reached him by phone, Marshall asked Bratton to wait for him at his offi ce. Marshall arrived at 11:25 a.m.; Bratton was sure of the time because he “kept looking at the 163Ibid., p. 2444. 164Ibid., part 29, pp. 2421–23. 165Ibid., p. 2422. 166Ibid., p. 2421. 167Ibid., pp. 2422, 2419.
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486 <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong>: <strong>The</strong> <strong>Seeds</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Fruits</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Infamy</strong><br />
period <strong>of</strong> time Rochefort could tell Colonel Fielder, our G-2,<br />
exactly what was going on <strong>and</strong> what we knew.” Th us Bratton<br />
tried by this indirect route to communicate his fears to Army’s<br />
G-2 in Hawaii. 163<br />
When delivering the Japanese intercepts, Bratton’s usual<br />
practice was to go fi rst to Marshall, Miles, <strong>and</strong> Gerow, <strong>and</strong> then<br />
to the State Department. He had followed this procedure the<br />
evening <strong>of</strong> December 6, when delivering the fi rst 13 parts <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Japanese reply. Bratton said he “very seldom” delivered the locked<br />
pouch <strong>of</strong> intercepts to Marshall in person. Th at evening he had<br />
left the “locked bag” containing Marshall’s copy with his secretary,<br />
Colonel Bedell Smith, advising him “that it was an important<br />
document. . . <strong>and</strong> that the Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff . . . [s]hould see it<br />
right away.” 164<br />
Bratton had then made delivery in person to G-2’s Miles,<br />
with whom he had discussed the message at some length. 165 He<br />
had left the copy <strong>of</strong> the message for Gerow with his “executive<br />
<strong>of</strong>fi cer,” Colonel Gailey. 166 Th en, at about 10 or 10:30 Bratton<br />
had gone with the 13-part message to the Department <strong>of</strong> State,<br />
where he had delivered the locked pouch “to the watch <strong>of</strong>fi cer in<br />
the State Department, with the request that it be gotten to Mr.<br />
Hull immediately.” 167<br />
Th e next morning, after receiving the last installment <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Japanese reply <strong>and</strong> the 1:00 p.m. deadline message at about 8:30–<br />
9:00 a.m., Bratton spent a couple <strong>of</strong> frantic hours trying to locate<br />
Marshall. When he fi nally reached him by phone, Marshall asked<br />
Bratton to wait for him at his <strong>of</strong>fi ce. Marshall arrived at 11:25<br />
a.m.; Bratton was sure <strong>of</strong> the time because he “kept looking at the<br />
163Ibid., p. 2444.<br />
164Ibid., part 29, pp. 2421–23.<br />
165Ibid., p. 2422.<br />
166Ibid., p. 2421.<br />
167Ibid., pp. 2422, 2419.