Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Signifi cant Information Known in Washington 231 beginning of working hours the next morning. In other words, any message which comes in in deferred priority automatically is not going to be considered a war warning, regardless of how you stated it. 27 Saff ord’s third December 4 message was sent to Hart in Manila, which lay on the fl ank of the route the Japanese convoys were traveling. It ordered that the communications room be “stripped of all secret and confi dential publications and papers which in the hands of an enemy would be of disadvantage to the United States.” 28 Th e fourth message was directed for action to the U.S. naval attaches in Tokyo, Peiping, Bangkok, and Shanghai, with an information copy to Hart. No copy of this message was sent to Kimmel in Pearl Harbor. Th is message, also prompted by our receipt of the “Winds Execute,” ordered our outposts in the western Pacifi c to destroy secret and confi dential materials “which in the hands of an enemy would be a disadvantage to the United States.” 29 Saff ord was proud of the Navy crew at Cheltenham for having intercepted the vital “Winds Execute,” and he did not forget them. In the midst of the growing tension, he took time to send them a message: “Well done. Discontinue coverage of the target.” A day or so later, he followed that up with a bouquet of roses, not exactly the traditional gift for one man to give a group of men. But “cryppies” (cryptologists) had the reputation for being odd balls, and Saff ord was a “cryppy.” 30 Saff ord recognized that our interception of the “Winds Execute” had been due partly to “good luck,” the fact that the Japanese hadn’t transmitted it between November 15, when their “Winds Code” setup message had gone out, and November 28, 27Ibid., part 29, p. 2398, Saff ord testimony before the APHB. 28Ibid., p. 2397, Serial No. 042018. 29Ibid., Serial No. 042019. 30Briggs interview, August 14, 1988, by Bettina B. Greaves.
232 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy when we decoded and translated it. It had been due “partly to foresight,” the ability of Intelligence to put several clues together so as to anticipate it. But our successful interception had also been due to “the high quality of the Navy operators and receiving apparatus at Cheltenham.” 31 Tokyo to Honolulu: Investigate “Ships in Harbor;” Tokyo to Embassy: Destroy Codes Also intercepted and translated on December 4, was a signifi - cant J-l9 Tokyo-Honolulu cable. Honolulu was asked to “investigate comprehensively the fl eet bases in the neighborhood of the Hawaiian military reservation.” 32 Th e usual procedure for handling Japanese J-19 messages— interception in Hawaii and airmailing to Washington as picked up, still encrypted and untranslated—had been followed in this case. As a result, it was not until two weeks after its transmission from Tokyo that this cable was decoded and translated in Washington. However, it was available there on December 4, well before the attack. And it provided confi rmation of the “Ships in Harbor” messages. 33 In light of the other intercepts, this new reminder that the Japanese in Hawaii had our fl eet at Pearl Harbor under close surveillance should have set off fl ashing lights and piercing alarms among those in military intelligence, arousing them to alert the commanders in Hawaii. Yet no hint of either the earlier “Ships in Harbor” messages, or of this follow-up, was forwarded to Pearl Harbor. A “Purple” December 4 Tokyo cable added to the crisis atmosphere in Washington. Th is cable instructed the Japanese 31Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 8, p. 3586, Saff ord testimony before the Joint Committee. 32Ibid., part 12, p. 263. 33Ibid., part 12, pp. 261–63.
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Signifi cant Information Known in Washington 231<br />
beginning <strong>of</strong> working hours the next morning. In other words,<br />
any message which comes in in deferred priority automatically<br />
is not going to be considered a war warning, regardless <strong>of</strong> how<br />
you stated it. 27<br />
Saff ord’s third December 4 message was sent to Hart in<br />
Manila, which lay on the fl ank <strong>of</strong> the route the Japanese convoys<br />
were traveling. It ordered that the communications room be<br />
“stripped <strong>of</strong> all secret <strong>and</strong> confi dential publications <strong>and</strong> papers<br />
which in the h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> an enemy would be <strong>of</strong> disadvantage to the<br />
United States.” 28<br />
Th e fourth message was directed for action to the U.S. naval<br />
attaches in Tokyo, Peiping, Bangkok, <strong>and</strong> Shanghai, with an information<br />
copy to Hart. No copy <strong>of</strong> this message was sent to Kimmel<br />
in <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong>. Th is message, also prompted by our receipt <strong>of</strong><br />
the “Winds Execute,” ordered our outposts in the western Pacifi c<br />
to destroy secret <strong>and</strong> confi dential materials “which in the h<strong>and</strong>s<br />
<strong>of</strong> an enemy would be a disadvantage to the United States.” 29<br />
Saff ord was proud <strong>of</strong> the Navy crew at Cheltenham for having<br />
intercepted the vital “Winds Execute,” <strong>and</strong> he did not forget<br />
them. In the midst <strong>of</strong> the growing tension, he took time to send<br />
them a message: “Well done. Discontinue coverage <strong>of</strong> the target.”<br />
A day or so later, he followed that up with a bouquet <strong>of</strong> roses, not<br />
exactly the traditional gift for one man to give a group <strong>of</strong> men.<br />
But “cryppies” (cryptologists) had the reputation for being odd<br />
balls, <strong>and</strong> Saff ord was a “cryppy.” 30<br />
Saff ord recognized that our interception <strong>of</strong> the “Winds<br />
Execute” had been due partly to “good luck,” the fact that the<br />
Japanese hadn’t transmitted it between November 15, when their<br />
“Winds Code” setup message had gone out, <strong>and</strong> November 28,<br />
27Ibid., part 29, p. 2398, Saff ord testimony before the APHB.<br />
28Ibid., p. 2397, Serial No. 042018.<br />
29Ibid., Serial No. 042019.<br />
30Briggs interview, August 14, 1988, by Bettina B. Greaves.