Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Tensions Mount 207 with the top Army offi cials—Marshall, General Miles of G-2 (Intelligence), and also General Gerow of the War Plans Division of the general staff . Th ey were anxious to strengthen the Philippines’ defenses and were particularly concerned with supplies which were on the way to the Philippines and additional big bombers which [they] were trying to fl y over there, some of which were scheduled to start at the end of the week.” 12 Hull had once remarked to Marshall, apropos of the discussions he had been having with the Japanese envoys, “Th ese fellows mean to fi ght and you will have to watch out.” 13 He was certain that the Japanese were planning some deviltry; and we were all wondering where the blow would strike. Th e messages we were receiving now indicated that the Japanese force was continuing on in the Gulf of Siam, and again we discussed whether we would not have to fi ght if Malaya or the Netherlands were attacked and the British or Dutch fought. We all three thought that we must fi ght if those nations fought. We realized that if Britain were eliminated it might well result in the destruction or capture of the British Fleet. Such a result would give the Nazi allies overwhelming power in the Atlantic Ocean and would make the defense of the American Republics enormously diffi cult if not impossible. All the reasons why it would be necessary for the United States to fi ght, in case the Japanese attacked either our British or Dutch neighbors in the Pacifi c, were discusssed at length. 14 12 Ibid., part 11, p. 5427. Excerpt from Stimson diary. 13 Ibid., part 3, p. 1148. Quote from Marshall testimony. 14 Joint Committee, Pearl Harbor Attack, part 11, pp. 5428–29, excerpt from Stimson diary.
208 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy Intercepted Japanese Message Announces System of Codewords to be Used in Certain Emergencies Among the Japanese messages our code people intercepted during this period was a long cable from Tokyo on November 27 addressed to its embassy in Washington and several of the more important Japanese embassies and consuls around the world. We decoded and translated it on December 2. In view of the fact that “international relations [were] becoming more strained,” it read, an “emergency system of despatches” was to be put into eff ect. Th e cable contained a long list of codewords, each with a hidden meaning, which would be substituted for other words in case of certain emergencies, which were then enumerated. To distinguish one of these special messages from other messages, it would not use the usual Japanese close, “OWARI.” Rather it would end with the English word, “STOP.” 15 Th is cable was one more indication that the Japanese government anticipated a serious “emergency” before long. It also gave our hard-worked cryptographers one more thing to keep in mind. Th ey must watch for Japanese cables ending with “STOP” and then not only decode and translate them, but determine the hidden meanings in the special code words. Government Prepares for War On September 8, 1939, a few days after the start of the war in Europe, Roosevelt had announced a limited “national emergency.” As international tension mounted, especially after FDR’s third term reelection in November 1940, various emergency interventionist measures were enacted aimed at placing this country on a wartime footing. A throng of government agencies were created; 15 Ibid., part 12, pp. 186–88, Tokyo Circular #2409.
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Tensions Mount 207<br />
with the top Army <strong>of</strong>fi cials—Marshall, General Miles <strong>of</strong><br />
G-2 (Intelligence), <strong>and</strong> also General Gerow <strong>of</strong> the War Plans<br />
Division <strong>of</strong> the general staff . Th ey were anxious to strengthen the<br />
Philippines’ defenses <strong>and</strong> were<br />
particularly concerned with supplies which were on the way to<br />
the Philippines <strong>and</strong> additional big bombers which [they] were<br />
trying to fl y over there, some <strong>of</strong> which were scheduled to start<br />
at the end <strong>of</strong> the week.” 12<br />
Hull had once remarked to Marshall, apropos <strong>of</strong> the discussions<br />
he had been having with the Japanese envoys, “Th ese fellows<br />
mean to fi ght <strong>and</strong> you will have to watch out.” 13 He<br />
was certain that the Japanese were planning some deviltry;<br />
<strong>and</strong> we were all wondering where the blow would strike. Th e<br />
messages we were receiving now indicated that the Japanese<br />
force was continuing on in the Gulf <strong>of</strong> Siam, <strong>and</strong> again we<br />
discussed whether we would not have to fi ght if Malaya or the<br />
Netherl<strong>and</strong>s were attacked <strong>and</strong> the British or Dutch fought.<br />
We all three thought that we must fi ght if those nations fought.<br />
We realized that if Britain were eliminated it might well result<br />
in the destruction or capture <strong>of</strong> the British Fleet. Such a result<br />
would give the Nazi allies overwhelming power in the Atlantic<br />
Ocean <strong>and</strong> would make the defense <strong>of</strong> the American Republics<br />
enormously diffi cult if not impossible. All the reasons why it<br />
would be necessary for the United States to fi ght, in case the<br />
Japanese attacked either our British or Dutch neighbors in the<br />
Pacifi c, were discusssed at length. 14<br />
12 Ibid., part 11, p. 5427. Excerpt from Stimson diary.<br />
13 Ibid., part 3, p. 1148. Quote from Marshall testimony.<br />
14 Joint Committee, <strong>Pearl</strong> <strong>Harbor</strong> Attack, part 11, pp. 5428–29, excerpt from<br />
Stimson diary.