Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ... Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy - Ludwig von Mises ...
Japanese Action Appears Imminent 177 negotiations.” Th e Japanese government had, in eff ect, thrown up its hands, as Ambassador Kurusu had expected it would. Tokyo added that a report on the American proposal would be along in two or three days and then “the negotiations will be defacto ruptured.” However, the two ambassadors were not to give the impression that the negotiations are broken off . Merely say . . . that you are awaiting instructions and that, although the opinions of your Government are not yet clear to you, to your own way of thinking the Imperial Government has always made just claims and has borne great sacrifi ces for the sake of peace in the Pacifi c. Say that we have always demonstrated a long-suff ering and conciliatory attitude, but that, on the other hand, the United States has been unbending, making it impossible for Japan to establish negotiations. . . . From now on do the best you can. 35 Japanese Emergency to be Announced in “Winds Code,” Coded Weather Forecast In the midst of this diplomatic crisis, one of the most important Japanese messages to be intercepted during this period was read in Washington. It had been sent November 19 from Tokyo in the J -19 (consular code), wasn’t deciphered and translated until November 28. “In case of emergency (danger of cutting off our diplomatic relations), and the cutting off of international communications,” a signal will be included “in the middle of the daily Japanese language short wave news broadcast.” Th ree phrases followed. Each appeared to be a weather forecast, but to each was assigned a special meaning. In an emergency, Tokyo explained, the appropriate phrase “will be repeated twice. When this is heard 35 Ibid., part 12, p. 195.
178 Pearl Harbor: The Seeds and Fruits of Infamy please destroy all code papers, etc. Th is is as yet to be a completely secret arrangement.” 36 Th is new intercept became known as the “Winds Code” message. Th e three phrases and their meaning were: HIGASHI NO KAZE AME (East wind rain): Japan-U.S. relations in danger; KITANO KAZE KUMORI (North wind cloudy): Japan- U.S.S.R. relations in danger; and NISHI NO KAZE HARE (West wind clear): Japan-British relations in danger. When our people read this message, orders went out immediately from both the Army and the Navy to their intercept stations throughout the world, asking them to monitor Japanese shortwave news broadcasts. Because weather was unpredictable and atmospheric conditions often interfered with radio transmissions, reception at our intercept stations was erratic. Th erefore, the call went out to all our monitoring stations from Rear Admiral Leigh Noyes of Naval Communications 37 and from General Sherman Miles of the Army’s Intelligence Division urging the code clerks to listen for the phrases. 38 Th ree-by-fi ve cards with the three phrases were prepared and distributed: 39 HIGASHI NO KAZE AME (East wind rain—war with the U. S.) KITANO KAZE KUMORI (North wind cloudy—war with the U.S.S.R.) NICHI NO KAZE HARE (West wind clear—war with Great Britain.) 36 Ibid., part 12, p. 154. 37 Ibid., part 9, pp. 4126–28. 38 Ibid., part 10, pp. 4520–22, testimony of colonel Bratton. 39 Ibid., part 8, pp. 3915–18, testimony of Lieutenant Commander Kramer.
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Japanese Action Appears Imminent 177<br />
negotiations.” Th e Japanese government had, in eff ect, thrown up<br />
its h<strong>and</strong>s, as Ambassador Kurusu had expected it would.<br />
Tokyo added that a report on the American proposal would<br />
be along in two or three days <strong>and</strong> then “the negotiations will be<br />
defacto ruptured.” However, the two ambassadors were not<br />
to give the impression that the negotiations are broken <strong>of</strong>f .<br />
Merely say . . . that you are awaiting instructions <strong>and</strong> that,<br />
although the opinions <strong>of</strong> your Government are not yet clear to<br />
you, to your own way <strong>of</strong> thinking the Imperial Government has<br />
always made just claims <strong>and</strong> has borne great sacrifi ces for the<br />
sake <strong>of</strong> peace in the Pacifi c. Say that we have always demonstrated<br />
a long-suff ering <strong>and</strong> conciliatory attitude, but that, on<br />
the other h<strong>and</strong>, the United States has been unbending, making<br />
it impossible for Japan to establish negotiations. . . . From now<br />
on do the best you can. 35<br />
Japanese Emergency to be Announced in<br />
“Winds Code,” Coded Weather Forecast<br />
In the midst <strong>of</strong> this diplomatic crisis, one <strong>of</strong> the most important<br />
Japanese messages to be intercepted during this period was<br />
read in Washington. It had been sent November 19 from Tokyo<br />
in the J -19 (consular code), wasn’t deciphered <strong>and</strong> translated until<br />
November 28. “In case <strong>of</strong> emergency (danger <strong>of</strong> cutting <strong>of</strong>f our<br />
diplomatic relations), <strong>and</strong> the cutting <strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> international communications,”<br />
a signal will be included “in the middle <strong>of</strong> the daily<br />
Japanese language short wave news broadcast.” Th ree phrases followed.<br />
Each appeared to be a weather forecast, but to each was<br />
assigned a special meaning. In an emergency, Tokyo explained,<br />
the appropriate phrase “will be repeated twice. When this is heard<br />
35 Ibid., part 12, p. 195.