Manual for Development Projects - Planning Commission

Chapter-7
Steps in Project Formulation/Implementation
7.16 Before construction of Bar Chart/CPM or PERT diagram one has to list out activities with their
logical sequence for a project. Activities can differ from project to project. However, a possible list of
activities can be identified as under:
i) Listing of Activities
This activity can take place earlier or later.
Release is a continuous activity starting after approval of the project and continuing upto its completion.
ii) Acquisition of land
Delay in acquisition of land and selection of proper location of the project are amongst the reasons for
slow implementation. Before conceiving a project, the sponsoring authorities should decide about the
location of the project keeping in view the availability of land. Such locations should be avoided where
problems are likely to occur later on. In case special provisions in the Land Acquisition Act are required
to be invoked, the matter may be taken up with the concerned authorities of the Provincial Governments
on that basis. Besides, in certain cases, the soil investigation/testing and site development works are also
unavoidable.
iii) Tendering of Civil Works and Award of Contracts
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(a) Award of contracts for Civil works/supply of machinery and equipment to experienced firms of repute
on fair and equitable contractual obligations plays a vital role in the execution of works and
implementation of projects for achieving the objectives conceived at the planning stage. As the
implementation of the project in physical terms begins with the award of contracts, it should be
concluded with maximum expedition.
(b) For major works, the construction firms need to be prequalified/short-listed keeping in view their
experience of similar works, financial standing, technical know-how, equipment availability, managerial
capability and overall reputation. It is essential that a clear-cut criteria should be determined for prequalification
to ensure their proper selection.
(c) For execution of the project, depending on the value of the contract (for the whole or the desirable part
of the work), there should be standardized tender/contract documents - for smaller amount upto Rs 10
million, medium upto Rs 50 million and large beyond Rs 50 million, which will have to be indicated
alongwith the bill of quantities (BOQs), standard specifications and drawings while inviting tenders. The
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9/23/2010