The first World Atlas of the artificial night sky brightness

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698 P. Cinzano, F. Falchi and C. D. Elvidge Table 1. Percentage of population who are living under a sky brightness greater than given levels. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Country $0.11b n $0.33b n $b n $3b n $9b n $27b n $b p $b fq $b m $b fm $b mw $b e Afghanistan 11 8 1 0 0 0 12 8 1 0 0 0 Albania 50 39 27 7 0 0 53 39 27 5 0 0 Algeria 86 74 61 36 12 2 87 73 61 30 16 4 Andorra 100 100 100 90 0 0 100 100 100 85 48 0 Angola 16 15 14 11 7 0 16 14 14 11 10 0 Anguilla UK 100 99 51 0 0 0 100 99 51 0 0 0 Antigua-Barbuda 98 91 70 21 0 0 98 90 70 0 0 0 Argentina 74 71 67 59 44 23 75 70 67 58 52 29 Armenia 91 88 61 42 0 0 92 88 61 35 0 0 Australia 71 69 68 62 37 1 71 69 68 60 48 8 Austria 100 97 82 45 21 0 100 97 82 41 29 9 Azerbaigian 82 76 54 29 1 0 82 75 54 27 19 0 Bahamas 84 82 81 75 58 0 85 82 81 73 66 0 Bahrain 100 100 100 99 99 76 100 100 100 99 99 98 Bangladesh 43 29 18 8 4 0 45 29 18 8 6 0 Barbados 100 98 91 61 0 0 100 98 91 56 27 0 Belgium 100 100 100 96 52 8 100 100 100 94 76 21 Belize 31 17 6 0 0 0 34 16 6 0 0 0 Benin 28 24 17 2 0 0 29 24 17 0 0 0 Bermuda UK 100 100 100 44 0 0 100 100 100 14 0 0 Bhutan 10 7 0 0 0 0 10 6 0 0 0 0 Bolivia 58 57 56 52 37 0 58 57 56 50 45 15 Bosnia-Herzegovina 80 61 32 0 0 0 82 60 32 0 0 0 Botswana 23 20 16 8 0 0 23 20 16 8 1 0 Brazil 66 60 55 45 29 10 66 59 55 43 36 17 British Virgin Islands 70 63 52 0 0 0 70 63 52 0 0 0 Brunei 93 84 78 58 28 0 94 84 78 53 44 0 Bulgaria 84 71 53 22 1 0 86 70 53 19 8 0 Burkina Faso 7 6 5 3 0 0 7 6 5 3 0 0 Burundi 6 4 4 0 0 0 6 4 4 0 0 0 Byelarus 86 78 68 45 13 0 87 78 68 37 18 0 Caiman Islands UK 92 90 78 55 0 0 92 86 78 50 16 0 Cambodia 14 11 9 7 0 0 15 11 9 5 0 0 Cameroon 22 20 18 14 0 0 22 20 18 9 0 0 Canada 97 94 90 83 71 46 97 94 90 82 77 59 Central African Rep. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chad 7 5 5 0 0 0 7 5 5 0 0 0 Chile 87 83 79 72 49 26 88 82 79 71 61 34 China 54 41 29 13 5 1 55 40 29 12 7 2 Cisgiordania 100 100 100 81 37 0 100 100 100 73 51 24 Colombia 77 68 60 49 34 8 78 67 60 47 40 22 Congo 41 39 36 33 0 0 41 39 36 27 0 0 Costa Rica 80 70 64 56 39 0 81 70 64 55 50 14 Croatia 96 85 67 31 15 0 96 84 67 25 17 0 Cuba 55 47 39 19 2 0 57 47 39 17 11 0 Cyprus 98 91 83 66 36 0 98 91 83 65 56 0 Czech Republic 100 100 95 59 22 0 100 100 95 52 34 5 Denmark 100 97 85 53 23 0 100 97 85 50 33 3 Djibouti 24 22 21 14 0 0 25 22 21 0 0 0 Dominica 7 4 0 0 0 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 Dominican Republic 84 74 64 48 36 0 85 74 64 45 38 16 Ecuador 57 48 41 27 9 0 58 48 41 24 15 2 Egypt 100 100 99 82 33 19 100 100 99 73 43 23 El Salvador 83 71 55 38 26 0 84 70 55 35 29 5 Equatorial Guinea 18 15 15 14 5 0 18 15 15 14 13 1 Eritrea 17 15 13 3 0 0 18 15 13 0 0 0 Estonia 86 72 65 55 35 0 88 72 65 53 42 20 Ethiopia 6 5 4 4 0 0 6 5 4 4 2 0 Falkland Islands UK 8 2 0 0 0 0 9 2 0 0 0 0 Faroe Islands 75 69 58 0 0 0 76 69 58 0 0 0 Fiji Islands 18 14 1 0 0 0 19 14 1 0 0 0 Finland 98 94 88 80 65 24 98 94 88 78 72 44 France 100 95 84 67 41 12 100 95 84 64 51 22 French Guiana 37 37 24 0 0 0 37 37 24 0 0 0 Gabon 39 37 34 31 1 0 39 37 34 22 1 0 Gambia 28 26 23 0 0 0 28 26 23 0 0 0 Gaza 100 100 100 95 0 0 100 100 100 79 36 0 Georgia 81 76 50 14 0 0 81 76 50 10 0 0 Germany 100 100 94 66 25 0 100 100 94 60 40 5 Ghana 29 23 18 12 4 0 30 23 18 11 7 0 q 2001 RAS, MNRAS 328, 689–707
Table 1 – continued First World artificial night sky brightness atlas 699 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Country $0.11b n $0.33b n $b n $3b n $9b n $27b n $b p $b fq $b m $b fm $b mw $b e Gibraltar UK 100 100 100 100 0 0 100 100 100 100 84 0 Greece 90 80 70 54 41 17 91 80 70 52 44 31 Grenada 47 43 14 0 0 0 47 42 14 0 0 0 Guadeloupe 95 95 88 38 1 0 95 95 88 32 17 0 Guatemala 53 39 30 22 17 0 55 38 30 22 20 3 Guernsey UK 100 100 99 14 0 0 100 100 99 0 0 0 Guinea 10 9 7 0 0 0 10 9 7 0 0 0 Guinea-Bissau 21 18 5 0 0 0 21 18 5 0 0 0 Guyana 39 36 32 8 0 0 39 36 32 0 0 0 Haiti 24 22 20 16 0 0 25 22 20 14 0 0 Honduras 49 41 35 27 12 0 50 41 35 27 22 0 Hungary 100 95 76 41 19 5 100 94 76 37 23 12 India 61 41 25 12 4 0 63 40 25 10 6 1 Indonesia 42 33 24 12 4 0 42 33 24 11 6 0 Iran 88 81 73 57 35 14 89 81 73 54 42 21 Iraq 86 77 68 44 24 5 87 77 68 40 28 16 Ireland 86 65 52 37 19 0 88 65 52 34 27 0 Isle of Man UK 100 86 54 0 0 0 100 85 54 0 0 0 Israel 100 100 99 97 79 26 100 100 99 95 90 52 Italy 100 99 95 78 35 6 100 99 95 72 50 15 Ivory Coast 26 22 18 14 1 0 26 21 18 13 10 0 Jamaica 98 87 67 44 26 0 99 85 67 43 33 5 Japan 100 99 96 86 63 27 100 99 96 84 73 41 Jersey UK 100 100 96 0 0 0 100 100 96 0 0 0 Jordan 94 91 88 70 35 8 94 91 88 65 57 23 Kazakhstan 58 54 47 31 3 0 58 54 47 26 9 0 Kenya 19 16 12 7 0 0 19 16 12 6 1 0 Kuwait 100 100 100 99 98 86 100 100 100 99 98 96 Kyrgyzstan 75 66 47 17 0 0 75 66 47 12 6 0 Laos 16 14 11 2 0 0 16 14 11 0 0 0 Latvia 77 68 61 47 33 0 78 68 61 44 37 11 Lebanon 100 97 81 43 2 0 100 96 81 37 14 0 Lesotho 17 11 9 0 0 0 17 11 9 0 0 0 Liberia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Libya 83 78 73 62 39 8 84 78 73 58 48 21 Liechtenstein 100 100 100 0 0 0 100 100 100 0 0 0 Lithuania 86 71 61 42 12 0 89 71 61 38 23 0 Luxembourg 100 100 100 94 63 0 100 100 100 90 81 11 Macau P 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 100 100 100 0 Macedonia 92 82 71 32 0 0 94 81 71 29 12 0 Madagascar 11 10 8 0 0 0 11 10 8 0 0 0 Malawi 15 13 10 0 0 0 15 13 10 0 0 0 Malaysia 78 68 58 40 20 1 78 68 58 36 25 8 Mali 15 13 9 6 0 0 15 13 9 5 0 0 Malta 100 100 100 91 48 0 100 100 100 88 77 0 Martinique F 100 99 93 61 0 0 100 99 93 58 39 0 Mauritania 23 22 21 17 0 0 23 22 21 17 0 0 Mayotte F 6 5 0 0 0 0 7 3 0 0 0 0 Mexico 88 81 72 59 44 25 89 80 72 57 50 33 Moldova 93 83 62 33 0 0 95 83 62 27 9 0 Monaco 100 100 100 100 87 0 100 100 100 100 100 0 Mongolia 34 33 31 16 0 0 34 33 31 11 0 0 Montenegro 83 74 58 9 0 0 84 74 58 0 0 0 Montserrat UK 56 25 0 0 0 0 59 25 0 0 0 0 Morocco 62 53 45 35 16 4 63 52 45 32 25 7 Mozambique 10 9 7 4 0 0 10 9 7 3 1 0 Myanmar 25 19 12 8 2 0 25 19 12 7 5 0 Namibia 17 16 13 8 3 0 17 16 13 8 6 0 Nepal 25 19 9 3 0 0 26 18 9 2 0 0 Netherlands 100 100 100 88 39 2 100 100 100 85 60 16 Netherlands Antilles 100 98 93 89 56 0 100 98 93 84 69 0 New Caledonia 45 44 44 42 0 0 45 44 44 41 0 0 New Zealand 87 84 81 67 25 0 87 84 81 61 45 2 Nicaragua 56 48 42 22 11 0 57 48 42 22 20 0 Niger 3 2 1 1 0 0 3 2 1 1 0 0 Nigeria 45 37 27 17 7 1 46 36 27 15 12 2 Norfolk Islands AU 7 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 North Korea 25 18 13 1 0 0 26 17 13 0 0 0 Norway 95 89 82 72 52 20 96 89 82 70 61 30 Oman 90 83 73 39 24 0 90 82 73 35 27 12 q 2001 RAS, MNRAS 328, 689–707
Page 1 and 2: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 328, 689-
Page 3 and 4: with Earth-based measurements in Pa
Page 5 and 6: level must be considered only an in
Page 7 and 8: than the effects of fluctuations in
Page 9: Figure 8. Artificial night sky brig
Page 13 and 14: Table 2. Numerical values and refer
Page 15 and 16: q 2001 RAS, MNRAS 328, 689-707 Tabl
Page 17 and 18: Figure 9. Artificial night sky brig
Page 19: Garstang R. H., 2000, in Cinzano P.

The first World Atlas of the artificial night sky brightness

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