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ESE Magazine Jan/Feb 06 18 MOST – Intelligent network interface controllers Henry Muyshondt, SMSC The de-facto standard for automotive multimedia now has intelligent interfaces. MOST, or Media Oriented Systems Transport, is the de-facto standard for high-speed multimedia networking in automobiles, with 35 car models deploying the technology, using millions of MOST devices. Several carmakers are also incorporating the technology into their complete line-ups. MOST is moving into mid-range car platforms and may then proliferate into low-end car models. In the late 1970’s, many automobiles, even high-end cars, barely used a separate amplifier and radio. Over the years, audio products, such as cassette players and CD players, were added. With more devices in a car needing to interact with each other the number of connections rose exponentially, making it necessary to network the components. This is the need for MOST. All digital As the majority of data (music, Video CDs, DVDs, etc.) is stored in digital format, MOST is an alldigital system with analog signals only right at the user interface (speakers and video display). When a system level approach is taken to implement a MOST system, significant cost savings are achieved as duplicated components are eliminated and functions are integrated into single chips. MOST specifies not just the physical interconnection between devices on the network, but the software layers needed to build up and take down connections and the APIs needed to control standard functions, like CD-players, amplifiers, tuners, etc. In the first generation of MOST, a Network Interface Controller (NIC) provided the physical connection to the network, while NetServices - all the network management software ran on an External Host Controller (EHC). �� Figure 1: NIC vs. INIC Architectures The EHC could be any of a variety of microcontrollers and DSP devices on the market. The NIC was programmed through a register wall and the integrity of the network was totally dependent on the EHC implementation of the NetServices software and APIs. Early implementations showed that some of the real-time responses needed by the low-level network interfaces were sometimes not met if the EHC was busy working on other tasks. MOST NICs are now Intelligent (INICs) and on the market. With these, the network comes up as a standalone entity, independent of the applications that reside on the EHC. INICs take all the lessons learned during early implementations and ensure that all the real-time requirements of network communications are taken care of without external intervention. Two Layers The NetServices software is divided into two layers. Layer 1 (the Basic Layer) includes the low level mechanisms needed to initialize MOST devices and to ensure the proper startup behavior of the network. This layer includes functions with real-time response requirements for the network to function properly. Layer 2 (Application Socket) includes required MOST functions and services to support functional addressing so applications don’t need to know the physical addresses of other devices on the MOST network. The functions included in layer 2 typically do not have hard real-time requirements. Figure 1 shows how INIC implements some of the functions of the old NIC-based approach. The INIC architecture includes a microcontroller to implement the functions in NetServices Layer 1 and also the required MOST function block NetBlock that formerly resided in Layer 2. The NIC Engine is similar to the old external NIC and performs the actual formatting of data for transmission over the physical interconnection. Message based Another characteristic of the INIC architecture is that it uses a message-based interface rather than a register wall typical in NIC designs. This interface simplifies the number of commands that application programmers need to implement �� Figure 2: INIC Architecture Framework and abstracts things like network speed and physical layer (e.g. various kinds of optical or electrical connections) from the application. This significantly reduces the design-in and verification efforts, as the network itself becomes a standalone entity. Specific functions on each device on the network register themselves as the device is ready and each device can take its time initializing itself and its operating system, if there is one, as well as other peripherals attached to it without having any effect on the network. The message-based architecture is implemented in SMSC’s line of INIC products and will be used in all future generations of MOST INICs. This architecture has the advantage that applications will need few, if any, changes to use higher speed network implementations or new physical layers that are introduced over time. Figure 2 shows a framework for INIC implementations. oPhy and ePhy represent optical and electrical physical layers, respectively. Current MOST systems use Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) driven with LEDs. Other optical transmission media such as Polymer Clad Silica (PCS) and VCSELs (Vertical Cavity Single Emission Lasers) are also being considered. In addition, a specification for an electrical physical layer has been developed by the MOST Cooperation. The INIC API removes any dependencies on network speed and physical layer from the applications that use INIC. The MOST Cooperation is a not-for-profit consortium of automakers, suppliers, and related companies that support the proliferation of the MOST protocol. www.smsc.com www.mostcooperation.com
I N T E L L I G E N T E L E C T R O N I C S S T A R T W I T H M I C R O C H I P Low Voltage voltage Rail-to-Rail Op Amp Solutions for extended temperature applications Including tiny SC-70 and SOT-23 devices Microchip’s Selected Extended Temperature Range Op Amps Part # GBWP IQ Typical Vos Max Temp. Range Supply Features (µA) (mV) (°C) Voltage MCP6275/85/95 2/5/10 MHz 170/230/445 3 -40 to +125 2.0 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output, Dual Connected with Chip Select Selected Standard Op Amps MCP6231/2/4 300 kHz 20 5 -40 to +125 1.8 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output MCP6241/2/4 650 kHz 50 5 -40 to +125 1.8 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output MCP6001/2/4 1 MHz 100 4.5 -40 to +125 1.8 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output MCP6271/2/3/4 2 MHz 170 3 -40 to +125 2.0 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output MCP601/2/3/4 2.8 MHz 230 2 -40 to +125 2.7 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Output MCP6281/2/3/4 5 MHz 445 3 -40 to +125 2.2 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output MCP6021/2/3/4 10 MHz 1000 0.5 -40 to +125 2.5 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output MCP6291/2/3/4 10 MHz 1000 3 -40 to +125 2.4 to 5.5V Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Do you need low power consumption and extended temperature range operation? Microchip has a broad range of extended temperature op-amps with Gain-Bandwidths from 300 kHz to 10 MHz, including many devices in ultra-compact SOT-23 and SC-70 packages. Microchip also offers the innovative MCP62X5 dual-connected op-amp family. www.microchip.com/opamps The Microchip name and logo, PIC, and dsPIC are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the USA and other countries. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. ©2005 Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved. ME145Eng/09.05
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