Abstracts of the Göttingen Meeting 2011 - GWDG
Abstracts of the Göttingen Meeting 2011 - GWDG
Abstracts of the Göttingen Meeting 2011 - GWDG
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Programme and <strong>Abstracts</strong><br />
IOBC ‐ Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong><br />
Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops<br />
4 th ‐ 6 th October <strong>2011</strong><br />
GÖTTINGEN, GERMANY<br />
International Organisation for Biological<br />
and Integrated Control <strong>of</strong> Noixious Animals and Plants
Working<br />
Group <strong>Meeting</strong> organizerrs:<br />
Local organizers:<br />
Dr. Bernnd<br />
Ulber<br />
Georg‐AAugust‐Univeersity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Gött tingen<br />
Departmment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Cropp<br />
Sciences<br />
Section <strong>of</strong> Agriculturral<br />
Entomolo ogy<br />
Grisebacchstr.<br />
6<br />
D‐370777<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>, Germany<br />
Email: bulber@gwdgg.de<br />
URL: http://www.agraarentomologie.uni‐goettinggen.de/index.<br />
.php?id=50&L L=1<br />
Dr. Birgeer<br />
Koopmannn<br />
Georg‐AAugust‐Univeersity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Gött tingen<br />
Departmment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Cropp<br />
Sciences<br />
Section <strong>of</strong> Plant Pathhology<br />
and Crop C Protectiion<br />
Grisebacchstr.<br />
6<br />
D‐370777<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>, Germany<br />
Email: bkoopma@gwwdg.de<br />
URL: http://www.phyytopathology.u<br />
uni‐goettingen.de/index.ph<br />
hp?id=495&L= =1<br />
Organizeers<br />
on behallf<br />
<strong>of</strong> IOBC/W WPRS:<br />
Dr. Sam Cook (sub‐cconvenor<br />
Ent tomology) annd<br />
Dr. Birger r Koopmann n (convenor)<br />
Dr. Samm<br />
Cook<br />
Plant annd<br />
Invertebraate<br />
Ecology Department D<br />
Rothamsted<br />
Researcch<br />
Harpendden<br />
Herts ALL5<br />
2JQ<br />
United KKingdom<br />
Email: saam.cook@roothamsted.ac.uk<br />
URL: httpp://www.rothhamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/pie/SaamCook.html<br />
http://wwww.iobc-wp<br />
prs.org/
Coontents<br />
Conttents<br />
........... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............ 3<br />
Scheedule<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Working Gro oup <strong>Meeting</strong>g...................<br />
.................... .................... .................... ............ 4<br />
PProgramme<br />
OOverview<br />
.... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............ 4<br />
PProgramme<br />
DDetails<br />
......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............ 5<br />
4th <strong>of</strong> OOctober,<br />
Tues sday, All ....... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............ 5<br />
5th <strong>of</strong> OOctober,<br />
Wed dnesday, Entomology<br />
Sub bgroup ......... .................... .................... ............ 6<br />
5th <strong>of</strong> OOctober,<br />
Wed dnesday, Pathologists<br />
..... .................... .................... .................... ............ 9<br />
5th <strong>of</strong> OOctober,<br />
Wed dnesday, All . .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 12<br />
6th <strong>of</strong> OOctober,<br />
Thur rsday, Entommologists<br />
...... .................... .................... .................... .......... 12<br />
6th <strong>of</strong> OOctober,<br />
Thur rsday, Pathologists<br />
......... .................... .................... .................... .......... 13<br />
6th <strong>of</strong> OOctober,<br />
Thur rsday, All...... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 13<br />
ABSTTRACTS<br />
....... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 15<br />
Joint Sessioon<br />
................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 15<br />
Entomologyy<br />
‐ Oral Prese entations.....<br />
.................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 23<br />
Pathology ‐ Oral Presen ntations........<br />
.................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 41<br />
Entomologyy<br />
‐ Poster Pre esentations . .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 59<br />
Pathology ‐ Poster Presentations<br />
.... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 73<br />
List <strong>of</strong> Participannts<br />
............... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 87<br />
Venue<br />
Informatiion<br />
.............. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 93<br />
Aerial view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North h Campus ..... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 93<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> North Camp pus (Bus stopps<br />
and location<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> venue)<br />
............ .................... .......... 94<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IOBC‐ICOC venue v .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 95<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> bus lines in Gött tingen .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 96<br />
Bus time tables<br />
............ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 97<br />
Fast trannsfer<br />
using Line<br />
51 .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .......... 97<br />
Bus trannsfer<br />
using Line<br />
5 ‐ Approoaching<br />
<strong>the</strong> Venue V ......... .................... .................... .......... 98<br />
Bus trannsfer<br />
using Line<br />
5 ‐ Leavinng<br />
<strong>the</strong> Venue<br />
.................. .................... .................... ........ 100<br />
Internet Access<br />
Point ... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........ 102<br />
Map <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> City Center .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ........ 103<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong>g<br />
point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> e guided cityy<br />
tour ........... .................... .................... .................... ........ 103<br />
Locationn<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Conf ference Dinnner<br />
............... .................... .................... .................... ........ 103<br />
‐ 3 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Schedule<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Working Group Meeeting<br />
Prograamme<br />
Oveerview<br />
Day<br />
Octoberr<br />
4 th<br />
Tueesday<br />
Octoberr<br />
5 th<br />
Wedneesday<br />
Octoberr<br />
6 th<br />
Thursday<br />
Event<br />
Registra ation<br />
Welcom me<br />
Introduction<br />
to IOBCC/wprs<br />
Joint Se ession (1)<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee break b<br />
Joint Se ession (2)<br />
Morning g Session Entomology<br />
Morning g Session Pathology<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee Break B<br />
After Co <strong>of</strong>fee Break SSession<br />
Entomology<br />
After Co <strong>of</strong>fee Break SSession<br />
Pathology<br />
Lunch<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee<br />
After Lu unch Session Entomology y<br />
After Lu unch Session Pathology<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee Break B<br />
Poster Session S<br />
Guided City Tour<br />
Confere ence Dinner<br />
Morning g Session Entomology<br />
Morning g Session Pathology<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee Break B<br />
After Co <strong>of</strong>fee Break SSession<br />
Entomology<br />
After Co <strong>of</strong>fee Break SSession<br />
Pathology<br />
Joint Se ession (3)<br />
Closing<br />
‐ 4 ‐<br />
Start Ennd<br />
Room<br />
10:30 133:00<br />
Hall<br />
14:00 144:30<br />
MN0 06<br />
14:30 155:00<br />
MN0 06<br />
15:00 166:00<br />
MN0 06<br />
16:00 166:30<br />
Hall<br />
16:35 188:35<br />
MN0 06<br />
09:00 100:20<br />
MN0 07<br />
09:00 100:20<br />
SR 0.233 0<br />
10:20 111:10<br />
Hall<br />
11:15 122:35<br />
MN0 07<br />
11:15 122:35<br />
SR 0.233 0<br />
12:35 13: :35 Men nsa /<br />
Hall<br />
13:40 155:00<br />
MN0 07<br />
13:40 155:00<br />
SR 0.233 0<br />
15:00 155:30<br />
Hall<br />
15:30 177:30<br />
Hall<br />
18:00 199:30<br />
20:00 oppen<br />
09:00 100:20<br />
MN0 07<br />
09:00 100:20<br />
SR 0.233 0<br />
10:20 111:10<br />
Hall<br />
11:15 111:55<br />
MN0 07<br />
11:15 111:55<br />
SR 0.233 0<br />
12:15 122:45<br />
MN0 06<br />
12:45 133:00<br />
MN0 06
Proogramme<br />
DDetails<br />
4thh<br />
<strong>of</strong> Octobber,<br />
Tuesday,<br />
All<br />
100:30<br />
13:000<br />
REGIST TRATION<br />
Staart<br />
End<br />
144:30<br />
15:000<br />
Introduct tion to IOBC/ /wprs<br />
155:00<br />
15:300<br />
Actual sit tuation and ffuture<br />
aspec cts in oilseed rape in Euroope<br />
155:30<br />
16:000<br />
Integrate ed control <strong>of</strong>f<br />
diseases, pe ests and wee eds in oilseedd<br />
rape ‐ 30<br />
years <strong>of</strong> multidisciplin<br />
m nary researc ch in Göttinge en<br />
166:00<br />
16:300<br />
14:300<br />
Welcome e<br />
Andreas von Tiedemaann,<br />
Birger Koopmann, K Bernd B Ulber & Sam Cook<br />
Lene Sigs sgaard<br />
Manuela Specht<br />
Andreas von Tiedemaann,<br />
Birger Koopmann, K Petr P Karlovskky,<br />
Bernd<br />
Ulber & Rudolf R Heitefuß<br />
166:35<br />
17:055<br />
Winter oilseed<br />
rape: a break crop p that will EN NDURE<br />
Neal Evans<br />
& Andreww<br />
W. Ferguso on<br />
177:05<br />
17:355<br />
Trait variation<br />
in Brasssica<br />
napus ‐ The UK ORE EGIN diversitty<br />
demonstration<br />
trials<br />
177:35<br />
18:055<br />
Clare J. Hopkins, H Sue J. Welham, Graham R.Te eakle, Kerry‐ ‐Sue Peplow, ,<br />
David A.C C. Pink, Pierrre<br />
W.C. Cario on, Graham J.<br />
King & Jackkie<br />
H.A.<br />
Barker<br />
How to design d and asssess<br />
integra ated crop ma anagement mmethods<br />
for<br />
winter oilseed<br />
rape inn<br />
a network <strong>of</strong> farmers' fields f ?<br />
Muriel Va alantin‐Moriison<br />
188:05<br />
18:355<br />
Status <strong>of</strong> f insecticide rresistance<br />
in n insect pests s <strong>of</strong> oilseed rrape<br />
crops in n<br />
Germany y<br />
J‐06<br />
Udo Heim mbach & Anddreas<br />
Müller r<br />
Welcome an nd Introduct tion<br />
Joint Sessi ion<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fe ee break<br />
‐ 5 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
#<br />
J‐01<br />
J‐02<br />
J‐03<br />
J‐04<br />
J‐05
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
5th <strong>of</strong> f October, Wednesd day, Entommology<br />
Su ubgroup<br />
ENTOMMOLOGY<br />
‐ Moorning<br />
Sess sion<br />
Start<br />
9:00<br />
9:20<br />
9:40<br />
10:00<br />
10:20<br />
End<br />
9:20 DDeveloping<br />
an n integrated pest management<br />
strate egy for polleen<br />
beetles<br />
in win nter oilseed rrape<br />
‐ a UK Defra D SA LINK K porject<br />
(LLK09108)<br />
Eo‐01<br />
Saam<br />
M. Cook, , Thomas F. DDöring,<br />
Andr rew W. Fergu uson, Janet AA.<br />
MMartin,<br />
Matth hew P. Skelleern,<br />
Lesley E. . Smart, Nige el P. Watts, SSue<br />
J.<br />
WWelham,<br />
Christine<br />
M. Wooodcock,<br />
JohnA.<br />
Pickett, Eileen Bardssley,<br />
Jo<br />
Bowman,<br />
Sean<br />
Burns, Mat<strong>the</strong>w<br />
Clarke e, Jackie Dav vies, Richard<br />
Jeennaway,<br />
An ndreas Johneen,<br />
Darren Murray, M Mark Nightingale, , Nigel<br />
Padbury,<br />
Colin n Patrick, Jullia‐Sophie<br />
vo on Richth<strong>of</strong>en,<br />
Michael TTait,<br />
Peter<br />
Taylor, Peter Werneer,<br />
Jemilah Bailey, B George<br />
Rothschildd<br />
&<br />
Jeenna<br />
Watts<br />
9:40 Thhe<br />
decision‐s support systtem<br />
proPlant t expert: A co omputer‐bassed<br />
toool<br />
for integr rated pest mmanagement<br />
used in Euro ope<br />
Eo‐02<br />
10:00<br />
Andreas<br />
Johnen<br />
& Julia‐Soophie<br />
von Richth<strong>of</strong>en<br />
Comparing<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
performannce<br />
<strong>of</strong> two de ecision‐supp port systems for<br />
mmanagement<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen beeetles<br />
in oilse eed rape in <strong>the</strong><br />
UK<br />
Eo‐03<br />
Andrew<br />
W. Fe erguson, Andreas<br />
Johnen,<br />
Eileen Bar rdsley, Julia‐<br />
Soophie<br />
von Richth<strong>of</strong>en,<br />
MMat<strong>the</strong>w<br />
P. Sk kellern, Nigel<br />
P. Watts & Sam<br />
MM.<br />
Cook<br />
10:20 Efffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> tem mperature annd<br />
position on<br />
pollen bee etle numberss<br />
per<br />
trrap<br />
and per plant p in oilseeed<br />
rape<br />
Eo‐04<br />
11:10<br />
Entomolo ogy<br />
Riina<br />
Kaasik, Nigel N Watts & Sam Cook<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee bre eak<br />
‐ 6 ‐<br />
#
ENTTOMOLOGY<br />
‐ After C<strong>of</strong>f fee Break Seession<br />
Staart<br />
End<br />
111:15<br />
11:355<br />
Using molecular<br />
methhods<br />
to meas sure predatio on <strong>of</strong> oilseedd<br />
rape<br />
pests<br />
111:35<br />
11:555<br />
Carabids as a predatorss<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen be eetles<br />
111:55<br />
12:155<br />
The attrac ctiveness <strong>of</strong> wild crucifer rous plants on o <strong>the</strong> key paarasitoids<br />
<strong>of</strong> Melige<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aeneus<br />
112:15<br />
12:355<br />
Effect <strong>of</strong> Beauveria B baassiana<br />
(Bals samo) Vuillem min spray appplications<br />
to control<br />
pollen beettles<br />
112:35<br />
13:355<br />
ENTTOMOLOGYY<br />
‐ After Lunch<br />
Session<br />
Start<br />
End<br />
133:40<br />
14:000<br />
Insect pest ts and predators<br />
in oilsee ed rape relat tive to landsccape<br />
and<br />
site factors s<br />
144:00<br />
14:200<br />
Measuring g <strong>the</strong> accuraccy<br />
<strong>of</strong> landscape<br />
indicators<br />
to predict hhigh<br />
pest<br />
infestation ns and successsful<br />
biocont trol in oilseed<br />
rape<br />
144:20<br />
14:400<br />
How to reinforce<br />
pollen<br />
beetle biocontrol<br />
at landscape<br />
leveel<br />
using a<br />
spatially ex xplicit modell<br />
144:40<br />
15:000<br />
Group disc cussions on laandscape<br />
eff fects / Prese entation <strong>of</strong> film<br />
clips<br />
on <strong>the</strong> life history <strong>of</strong> oiilseed<br />
rape pests p and <strong>the</strong> eir parassitoiids<br />
155:00<br />
15:300<br />
Barbara Ekbom E<br />
Erin O'Rourke,<br />
Sam Coook,<br />
Mark Em mmerson, La aura Kirwan & Padraig<br />
Whelan<br />
Riina Kaas sik, Gabriellaa<br />
Kovācs, Luu ule Metspalu u & Eve Veroomann<br />
Stefan Kuske<br />
Thomas Frank,<br />
Thomass<br />
Drapela, Di ietmar Mose er, Christianee<br />
Haschek, & Johann Zaller<br />
Adrien Rus sch, Muriel VValantin‐Mor<br />
rison, Jean‐Pierre<br />
Sarthou<br />
& Jean<br />
Roger‐Estrade<br />
Fabrice Vin natier & Murriel<br />
Valantin‐ ‐Morison<br />
Sam Cook & Bernd Ulbber<br />
Entom mology<br />
‐ 7 ‐<br />
Lunch<br />
Entomology<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee break<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
#<br />
Eo‐05<br />
Eo‐06<br />
Eo‐07<br />
Eo‐08<br />
#<br />
Eo‐09<br />
Eo‐10<br />
Eo‐11
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
ENTOMMOLOGY<br />
‐ Pooster<br />
Session<br />
15:30<br />
17:30<br />
PC demmonstration<br />
<strong>of</strong> proPlant expert: e A deccision‐suppo<br />
ort system fo or pest and<br />
diseasee<br />
managemeent<br />
in oilseed d rape<br />
Andreaas<br />
Johnen, Thhomas<br />
Volk & Julia‐Sophhie<br />
von Richt th<strong>of</strong>en<br />
Effectss<br />
<strong>of</strong> different managemen nt systems oon<br />
pest infest tation <strong>of</strong> oils seed rape in<br />
Croatiaa,<br />
Germany aand<br />
Serbia<br />
Wolfgaang<br />
Büchs, Taanja<br />
Gotlin‐C Culjak, Ivan SSivcev,<br />
Sabine<br />
Prescher, Ivan Juran, LLazar<br />
Sivcev, , Draga Graora<br />
& Dinka Grubisic G<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> plant‐induciing<br />
chemicals<br />
in 'push‐puull'<br />
pest cont trol strategie es in oilseed rape Ep‐ ‐03<br />
Mumuni<br />
Abudulai, Mattew P Skellern,<br />
Nigeel<br />
P. Watts & Sam M. Coo ok<br />
Are currrent<br />
monitooring<br />
method ds for pollen beetles mea aningless?<br />
Mat<strong>the</strong>ew<br />
P. Skellerrn,<br />
Nigel P. Watts W & Sam M. Cook<br />
The efffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> nitroogen<br />
input an nd floweringg<br />
time on pol llen beetle in nfestation in <strong>the</strong> Ep‐ ‐05<br />
OREGINN<br />
demonstraation<br />
trials.<br />
Sam M Cook, Sue J.<br />
Welham, Andrew A W Feerguson,<br />
Mat t<strong>the</strong>w P. Skellern,<br />
Nigen P.<br />
Watts & Jackie H. AA.<br />
Barker<br />
Ensemble‐based<br />
annalysis<br />
<strong>of</strong> reg gional climatte<br />
change eff fects on <strong>the</strong> pod midge<br />
(Dasineeura<br />
brassicaae<br />
Winn.) in oilseed rapee,<br />
Michaeel<br />
Eickermannn,<br />
Jürgen Junk,<br />
Klaus Göörgen,<br />
Lucien n H<strong>of</strong>fmann & Marco Beyyer<br />
Populattion<br />
age struucture<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabbage aphid<br />
infesting g oilseed rape e plants at UUpper<br />
Ep‐0 07<br />
Egypt<br />
Mohammed<br />
A. A. Abddel‐Rahman,<br />
, Azza M. A. AAwad,<br />
Assmaa<br />
H. Moham med & Yousiff<br />
M.<br />
Omar<br />
Winter activity <strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
predaceous<br />
larvae <strong>of</strong> Cantharidae e (Coleoptera a) in oilseed rrape<br />
Ep‐0 08<br />
crops<br />
Pawel MMederski<br />
& ZZdzisław<br />
Kluk kowski<br />
Some faactors<br />
affectting<br />
<strong>the</strong> larva al parasitism <strong>of</strong> pollen be eetle in Germ many<br />
Marie‐LLuise<br />
Tölle, Innes<br />
Vollhardt,<br />
Doro<strong>the</strong>a Mennerich & Bernd Ulbe er<br />
Turnip rrape<br />
as a traap<br />
crop and natural n pesticide:<br />
Results s <strong>of</strong> a three‐y year field triaal<br />
on Ep‐1 10<br />
pest control<br />
in orgaanic<br />
winter oilseed<br />
rape<br />
Tobias Ludwig & Steefan<br />
Kühne<br />
Monitooring<br />
and foreecasting<br />
cabbage<br />
stem fllea<br />
beetle<br />
Helle MMathiasen<br />
& Peter Esbjerg g<br />
Host seelection<br />
in Teersilochus<br />
heterocerus<br />
(Hymenoptera<br />
a: Ichneumon nidae), parassitoid<br />
Ep‐1 12<br />
<strong>of</strong> Meligge<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aeneus<br />
(Coleopte era: Nitiduliddae)<br />
Josef Sttraka,<br />
Peter AAnderson<br />
& Katarina Heddlund<br />
Enntomology<br />
Poster P<br />
‐ 8 ‐<br />
Ep‐ ‐01<br />
Ep‐ ‐02<br />
Ep‐ ‐04<br />
Ep‐ ‐06<br />
Ep‐0 09<br />
Ep‐1 11
5thh<br />
<strong>of</strong> Octobber,<br />
Wednesday,<br />
Paathologists<br />
s<br />
PATTHOLOGY<br />
‐ MMorning<br />
Se ession<br />
Staart<br />
End<br />
Pathology<br />
9:000<br />
9:20 Potential effects <strong>of</strong> gloobal<br />
warmin ng on oilseed rape pathoggens<br />
in<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Germany<br />
Magdalen na Siebold & Andreas von n Tiedemann n<br />
9:220<br />
9:40<br />
9:440<br />
10:00<br />
100:00<br />
10:20<br />
110:20<br />
11:100<br />
PATTHOLOGY<br />
‐ AAfter<br />
c<strong>of</strong>fee e break sesssion<br />
Staart<br />
End<br />
Pathology<br />
111:15<br />
11:355<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> Ge eographic Infformation<br />
Sy ystems for <strong>the</strong><br />
DSS SklerooPro<br />
‐<br />
simulation n <strong>of</strong> Sclerotinnia<br />
stem rot.<br />
Beate Tschöpe,<br />
Bennoo<br />
Kleinhenz & Thorsten Zeuner Z<br />
111:35<br />
11:555<br />
Reducing <strong>the</strong> impact o<strong>of</strong><br />
sclerotinia a disease on arable rotattions,<br />
vegetable e crops and laand<br />
use.<br />
Caroline Young, Y Denisse<br />
Ginsburg, Laura Fawce ett, Peter Glaadders,<br />
Jon West, , John Clarksson<br />
& Steve Waterhouse<br />
W<br />
111:55<br />
12:155<br />
Biocontro ol <strong>of</strong> sclerotinnia<br />
stem rot ‐ cornerston ne in durablee<br />
high‐<br />
intensity oilseed o rape production. .<br />
Nana Bitsadze<br />
& Andrreas<br />
von Tied demann<br />
112:15<br />
12:355<br />
Studies on n Trichodermma<br />
in protect tion <strong>of</strong> OSR against a fungaal<br />
diseases.<br />
Malgorzat ta Jedryczka,<br />
Adam Dawidziuk,<br />
Delfin na Popiel, Judyta<br />
Strakowsk ka, Piotr Kachlicki,<br />
Jerzy Chelkowski, C Beata Wisniewska‐<br />
Kadzajan & Dorota Kaalembasa<br />
112:35<br />
13:355<br />
Sclerotinia a sclerotioruum<br />
– <strong>the</strong> imp portant disease<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilseedd<br />
rape on<br />
selected sites s in <strong>the</strong> CCzech<br />
Republ lic<br />
Jana Poslu ušná & Eva PPlachká<br />
Interactio ons between canopy stru ucture <strong>of</strong> WO OSR and Sclerrotinia<br />
sclerotiorum<br />
disease ddevelopment<br />
Chloé Alla art, Marine GGourrat,<br />
Odil le Tauvel, Mi ichael Geloeen,<br />
Olivier<br />
Guerin & Xavier Pinocchet<br />
Phenotyp ping <strong>of</strong> oilseeed<br />
rape and o<strong>the</strong>r o Brassic ca species for<br />
identificat tion <strong>of</strong> Sclerootinia<br />
stem rot r resistance<br />
sources.<br />
Tobias Wulf,<br />
Birger Kooopmann<br />
& Andreas A von Tiedemann<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee e break<br />
‐ 9 ‐<br />
Lunch<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
#<br />
Po‐01<br />
Po‐02<br />
Po‐03<br />
Po‐04<br />
#<br />
Po‐05<br />
Po‐06<br />
Po‐07<br />
Po‐08
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
PATHOLLOGY<br />
‐ Afteer<br />
Lunch Ses ssion<br />
Start<br />
End<br />
13:400<br />
14:00 Foorecasting<br />
sy ystem for blaackleg<br />
(Lepto osphaeria ma aculans and<br />
Leeptosphaeria<br />
a biglobosa) <strong>of</strong> crucifers in <strong>the</strong> Czech Republic<br />
14:000<br />
14:20 Iddentification<br />
<strong>of</strong> Phoma risk<br />
years and d regions with<br />
<strong>the</strong> decisioon‐<br />
suupport<br />
system<br />
proPlant.<br />
Po‐10<br />
14:200<br />
14:40 8‐ ‐years exper rience <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> SPEC foreca asting system m for oilseed rape<br />
protection<br />
in Poland<br />
Po‐11<br />
14:400<br />
15:00 Group<br />
discuss sion<br />
15:000<br />
15:30<br />
Patholog gy<br />
Jaana<br />
Poslušná á, Eva Plachkká,<br />
Pavel Ryšá ánek, Radova an Pokorný &<br />
Toomáš<br />
Spitzer r<br />
Thhomas<br />
Volk & Julia‐Sophhie<br />
von Richth<strong>of</strong>en<br />
MMalgorzata<br />
Je edryczka, Joaanna<br />
Kaczma arek, Andrzej j Brachaczekk,<br />
Robert<br />
Matysiak<br />
& Ryszarrd<br />
Bandurow wski<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee bre eak<br />
‐ 10 0 ‐<br />
#<br />
Po‐09
PATTHOLOGY<br />
‐ PPoster<br />
Session<br />
155:30<br />
17:30<br />
IOBC‐wprs:<br />
woorking<br />
groups,<br />
ICOC objecctives,<br />
membership<br />
Birrger<br />
Koopmaann,<br />
Sam Coo ok & Lene Siggsgaard<br />
Fungal<br />
Diseasees<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sunflow wer in Turkeyy.<br />
Caafer<br />
Eken<br />
WIN:<br />
Developing<br />
Site‐Spec cific Advisoriees<br />
for Agricu ultural Producers<br />
Neeal<br />
Evans, Risshi<br />
Burlakoti,<br />
Aman Thakkral<br />
& Sandy Vervaet<br />
Chharacterizatioon<br />
<strong>of</strong> current t populations<br />
<strong>of</strong> Leptosphaeria<br />
spp. from f infected<br />
oilseed<br />
rappe<br />
plants in Europe (autu umn 2010)<br />
Coomparative<br />
studies<br />
on growth<br />
and fungcide<br />
sensitivites<br />
<strong>of</strong> Lep ptosphaeria mmaculans<br />
annd<br />
Leptosphaaeria<br />
biglobo osa isolates.<br />
Anndreas<br />
Rhalves,<br />
Evelin Vo orbeck & Birgger<br />
Koopman nn<br />
Moolecular<br />
deteection<br />
<strong>of</strong> Lep ptosphaeria mmaculans<br />
an nd L. biglobos sa versus BBBCH<br />
stages<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilseed rapee<br />
plant development<br />
– thhe<br />
impact on n protection with fungiciddes<br />
Joaanna<br />
Kaczmaarek,<br />
Akinwu unmi O. Latuunde‐Dada<br />
& Malgorzata Jedryczka<br />
Stuudies<br />
on <strong>the</strong> optimal time<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungicidde<br />
application<br />
against phoma<br />
leaf spootting<br />
and<br />
steem<br />
canker inn<br />
Poland<br />
Anndrzej<br />
Brachaaczek,<br />
Joanna<br />
Kaczmarekk<br />
& Malgorza ata Jedryczka a<br />
Efffect<br />
<strong>of</strong> combbined<br />
inocula ation <strong>of</strong> Phomma<br />
lingam pa athogenicity groups on ddisease<br />
expression<br />
<strong>of</strong> ccotyledons<br />
<strong>of</strong> o a Brassica napus RLm7 7 cultivar.<br />
Paatrick<br />
Koch, EEvelin<br />
Vorbec ck & Birger KKoopmann<br />
Chharacteristicss<br />
<strong>of</strong> isolates <strong>of</strong> o Sclerotiniaa<br />
sclerotiorum m and Lepto osphaeria maaculans<br />
/<br />
L. biglobosa orriginating<br />
fro om <strong>the</strong> Czechh<br />
Republic.<br />
Evva<br />
Plachka, Jaana<br />
Poslusna a & Ivana Maachackova<br />
KILLA<br />
– <strong>the</strong> neww<br />
project on clubroot andd<br />
stem canke er <strong>of</strong> oilseed rape in Polaand<br />
Maalgorzata<br />
Jeddryczka,<br />
Mar rek Korbas, AAndrzej<br />
Wojc ciechowski, Jan J Olejniczaak,<br />
Ewa<br />
Jajjor,<br />
Janetta NNiemann,<br />
Joa anna Kaczmaarek<br />
& Toma asz Ksiazczyk k<br />
Stuudies<br />
on <strong>the</strong> optimal time<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungicidde<br />
application<br />
against sclerotinia<br />
stemm<br />
rot in<br />
Soou<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Polannd<br />
Anndrzej<br />
Brachaaczek,<br />
Malgo orzata Jedrycczka,<br />
Xiaoli Duan D & Joann na Kaczmareek<br />
Inffluence<br />
<strong>of</strong> sooil<br />
moisture and a temperaature<br />
on <strong>the</strong> infection <strong>of</strong> oilseed rapee<br />
with<br />
Plaasmodiophorra<br />
brassicae<br />
Simmone<br />
Koch<br />
Patholog gy Poster<br />
Deeng<br />
Shu, Anddrzej<br />
Brachaczek,<br />
Witoldd<br />
Irzykowski, Joanna Kaczmarek<br />
& Malgorzata<br />
Jeddryczka<br />
‐ 11 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
#<br />
Pp‐01<br />
Pp‐02<br />
Pp‐03<br />
Pp‐04<br />
Pp‐05<br />
Pp‐06<br />
Pp‐07<br />
Pp‐08<br />
Pp‐09<br />
Pp‐10<br />
Pp‐11<br />
Pp‐12
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
5th <strong>of</strong> f October, Wednesd day, All<br />
ALL‐Eveening<br />
Conference<br />
DDinner<br />
(20:0 00; Restauraant<br />
La Laconda,<br />
Reinhä äuser Landsstraße<br />
22 )<br />
6th <strong>of</strong> f October, Thursday y, Entomollogists<br />
ENTOMMOLOGY<br />
‐ Moorning<br />
Sess sion<br />
Start End<br />
Entomolo ogy<br />
#<br />
9:00 9:20 Thhe<br />
occurrenc ce <strong>of</strong> differennt<br />
species <strong>of</strong> f pollen beet tles in oilseedd<br />
rape<br />
fields<br />
Eo‐12<br />
9:20<br />
9:40<br />
10:00<br />
Citty<br />
tour Gött tingen (18:000<br />
‐ ca. 19:3 30; Start: Old<br />
City Hall)<br />
Christoph<br />
Buu uk & Thomass<br />
Thieme<br />
9:40 Thhe<br />
hibernation<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen beetles: will<br />
beetles resistant<br />
to<br />
innsecticides<br />
su uffer higher mortality?<br />
Kai<br />
Gloyna & Thomas T Thieeme<br />
10:00 Growth<br />
rate <strong>of</strong> o pollen beeetle<br />
populations<br />
on differ rent cultivarss<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
oilseed<br />
rape<br />
Eo‐14<br />
MMarie‐Luise<br />
Tölle T & Berndd<br />
Ulber<br />
10:20 Thhe<br />
potential <strong>of</strong> silicate roock<br />
dust to control<br />
pollen n beetles<br />
Claudia<br />
Danie el, Hansueli DDierauer<br />
& Maurice M Clerc c<br />
ENTOMMOLOGY<br />
– Affter<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee Break B Sessioon<br />
Start End<br />
Entomolo ogy<br />
#<br />
11:155<br />
11:35 Suuitability<br />
<strong>of</strong> different d culttivars<br />
<strong>of</strong> turn nip rape as tr rap crops forr<br />
inntegrated<br />
control<br />
<strong>of</strong> majoor<br />
pests on winter w oilseed<br />
rape<br />
Eo‐ 16<br />
Alexander<br />
Döring,<br />
Rainer Wedemeyer r, Helmut Sau ucke & Berndd<br />
Ulber<br />
11:355<br />
11:55 Efffect<br />
<strong>of</strong> turni ip rape trap crops on <strong>the</strong> e infestation <strong>of</strong> winter oillseed<br />
raape<br />
by pollen n beetle<br />
Eo‐ 17<br />
MMarie‐Luise<br />
Tölle, T Kai Gloyyna,<br />
Thomas s Thieme & Bernd B Ulber<br />
‐ 12 2 ‐<br />
Eo‐13<br />
Eo‐15
6thh<br />
<strong>of</strong> Octobber,<br />
Thursd day, Pathoologists<br />
PATTHOLOGY<br />
‐ MMorning<br />
Se ession<br />
Staart<br />
End<br />
Pathology<br />
9:000<br />
9:20 Monitorin ng after <strong>the</strong> iintroduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> a new specific<br />
resistaance<br />
against Le eptosphaeriaa<br />
maculans in i oilseed rap pe in a pilot<br />
productio on area<br />
Xavier Pin nochet , Anneette<br />
Penaud,<br />
Gilles Sauze et, Julien Carrpezat,<br />
Martine Leflon L & Emmmanuelle<br />
Pic<br />
9:220<br />
9:40<br />
9:440<br />
10:00<br />
100:00<br />
10:20<br />
PATTHOLOGY<br />
– AAfter<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fee e Break Sesssion<br />
Staart<br />
End<br />
Pathology<br />
111:15<br />
11:35 Ten years s experience with <strong>the</strong> clubroot<br />
resista ant cultivar ‘ Mendel’:<br />
Performance<br />
and Persspectives<br />
111:35<br />
11:55<br />
6thh<br />
<strong>of</strong> Octobber,<br />
Thursd day, All<br />
FINAAL<br />
Session<br />
122:15<br />
12:455<br />
122:45<br />
13:000<br />
Methods for investigaation<br />
<strong>of</strong> quan ntitative resistance<br />
to<br />
Leptospha aeria maculaans<br />
(phoma stem s canker)<br />
in Brassica<br />
napus(oils seed rape)<br />
Yong‐Ju Huang, H Regine<br />
Delourme, , Graham J King<br />
& Bruce DL Fitt<br />
Studies on n <strong>the</strong> Improvvement<br />
<strong>of</strong> Winter W Oilseed<br />
Rape Resisstance<br />
to<br />
Verticillium<br />
longisporuum<br />
Jessica Kn nüfer, Petr Kaarlovsky,<br />
Birg ger Koopmann<br />
& Andreaas<br />
von<br />
Tiedeman nn<br />
Response e <strong>of</strong> oilseed raape<br />
(Brassica a napus) to combined c eff ffects <strong>of</strong><br />
drought stress<br />
and Veerticillium<br />
lon ngisporum in nfestation<br />
Daniel Lop pisso, Jessciaa<br />
Knüfer & Andreas A von Tiedemann T<br />
Elke Diede erichsen & MMartin<br />
Frauen<br />
Virulence anaylsis <strong>of</strong> PPlasmodioph<br />
hora brassica ae derived froom<br />
different locations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main European<br />
oilse eed rape growwing<br />
regions<br />
Wolfgang g Lüders, Steffan<br />
Abel, Wo olfgang Fried dt, Doris Kopaahnke<br />
&,<br />
Frank Ord don<br />
Joint<br />
Session 3 ( Next meeting,<br />
Convenorr)<br />
‐ 13 ‐<br />
Closing<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
#<br />
Po‐12<br />
Po‐13<br />
Po‐14<br />
Po‐15<br />
#<br />
Po‐16<br />
Po‐17
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
‐ 14 ‐
‐ 15 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
ABSSTRAC<br />
CTS<br />
Joiint<br />
Ses ssion
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
J‐01<br />
Actuaal<br />
situatioon<br />
and fu uture asppects<br />
in oilseed<br />
rape<br />
in Europe<br />
Manueela<br />
Specht<br />
Union zzur<br />
Förderuung<br />
von Oe el- und Protteinpflanzen<br />
n e.V. (UFO OP), Claire-Wald<strong>of</strong>f-St<br />
traße<br />
7, 10117<br />
Berlin, GGermany<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The rapesseed<br />
crop is <strong>of</strong> o high impoortance<br />
for European E agr riculture and has increase ed its<br />
potential<br />
in <strong>the</strong> EU during <strong>the</strong> la ast years. In <strong>2011</strong> <strong>the</strong> EU U-27 cultivated<br />
nearly 11.2<br />
million ha h <strong>of</strong><br />
oilseeds.<br />
Almost 6.88<br />
million ha <strong>of</strong> o this area wwere<br />
cultivat ted with rape eseed. Rapeseeed<br />
producti ion is<br />
forecast at 19.1 million<br />
t. This is in line wwith<br />
last five years avera age but muchh<br />
lower than n <strong>the</strong><br />
productiion<br />
in 2010 (- 6.3 %). At A EU-27 levvel<br />
<strong>the</strong> yield forecast is lo ower than thhose<br />
in 2010 0 (2.9<br />
t/ha; - 2.4<br />
%). Followwing<br />
<strong>the</strong> goo od harvest <strong>of</strong>f<br />
2010, Germ man farmers could only aachieve<br />
very y low<br />
yields inn<br />
<strong>2011</strong>, whiich<br />
were 23. .7 % lower than <strong>the</strong> year<br />
before. Most M importaant<br />
factor <strong>of</strong> f this<br />
failure wwas<br />
caused bby<br />
very bad wea<strong>the</strong>r w condditions:<br />
heav vy rainfall in August and d September 2010<br />
and a deelay<br />
<strong>of</strong> sowing,<br />
a hard and cold wiinter,<br />
drough ht during spr ringtime andd<br />
strong rain nfalls<br />
during hharvest<br />
<strong>2011</strong> too.<br />
The rappeseed<br />
oil for food us se consists <strong>of</strong> high-qu uality lipid acid compoosition<br />
whic ch is<br />
acknowlledged<br />
by thhe<br />
food and nutrition n inddustry<br />
and th he consumer in general. PProducts<br />
der rived<br />
from rappeseed<br />
oil arre<br />
used frequ uently in a hhealthy<br />
diet, and a <strong>the</strong>y bel long to <strong>the</strong> ggroup<br />
<strong>of</strong> prod ducts<br />
with <strong>the</strong>e<br />
highest growwth<br />
rates in food f retail saales.<br />
Strong incentives ccome<br />
particu ularly from <strong>the</strong> non-fo ood sector, since <strong>the</strong> EEU<br />
has init tiated<br />
guidelinnes<br />
for <strong>the</strong> suupport<br />
<strong>of</strong> bio <strong>of</strong>uel, in ordeer<br />
to establis sh a proper production p fo for biodiesel. . The<br />
Renewabble<br />
Energy Directive ( RED) <strong>of</strong> EEuropean<br />
Un nion set man ndatory natiional<br />
targets s for<br />
renewabble<br />
energy shhares,<br />
includ ding 10 % rrenewables<br />
in i transport (incl. bi<strong>of</strong>ueels)<br />
in 2020. . But<br />
RED creeates<br />
a sustaiinability<br />
regi ime for bi<strong>of</strong>uuels<br />
with a st trong greenh house gas savving<br />
<strong>of</strong> at lea ast 35<br />
% at <strong>the</strong>e<br />
moment. Geermany<br />
has been b proven to be <strong>the</strong> lea ader in <strong>the</strong> fie eld <strong>of</strong> biodieesel<br />
developm ment.<br />
Forecastts<br />
predict a cconsistent<br />
de evelopment o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> global oilseed sector.<br />
They putt<br />
emphasis on<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
increasinng<br />
demand <strong>of</strong> plant oi ils in humaan<br />
nutrition, renewable resources ffor<br />
bi<strong>of</strong>uels and<br />
bioenerggy,<br />
as well aas<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir use in n animal feeed<br />
products. As a local oilseed o crop wwith<br />
a high yield<br />
potential<br />
under intennsive<br />
agronom mic cultivatiion,<br />
rapeseed d will be an increasing i faactor<br />
<strong>of</strong> economic<br />
importannce<br />
in Europpean<br />
agricult ture. The rellevance<br />
<strong>of</strong> re esulting prod ducts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rapeseed cro op in<br />
<strong>the</strong> foodd,<br />
non food annd<br />
feed indu ustries will coonstantly<br />
inc crease.<br />
‐ 16 6 ‐
Inttegrated<br />
control <strong>of</strong> o diseases<br />
pests and weeds<br />
in oilsseed<br />
rape<br />
- 30<br />
yeaars<br />
<strong>of</strong> muultidisciplinary<br />
reesearch<br />
in n Götting gen<br />
Anddreas<br />
von Tiedemann<br />
Ruddolf<br />
Heitefuuß<br />
1)<br />
DDivision<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Geoorg-August-<br />
2)<br />
DDivision<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Götttingen,<br />
Gris<br />
3)<br />
DDivision<br />
<strong>of</strong> M<br />
Scieences,<br />
Geor<br />
Gerrmany<br />
1)<br />
n<br />
f Plant Path<br />
-University<br />
Entomology<br />
sebachstr.6<br />
Molecular P<br />
rg-August-U<br />
1) , Birger Koopmann n<br />
hology andd<br />
Crop Pro<br />
<strong>of</strong> Göttingeen,<br />
Grisebac<br />
gy, Departmment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Cro<br />
6, D-37077 G<strong>Göttingen</strong>,<br />
G<br />
Phytopathoology<br />
and M<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Göttinge<br />
1) , Petr Karlovsky K<br />
otection, D<br />
chstr.6, D-3<br />
op Sciences<br />
Germany<br />
Mycotoxin R<br />
en, Griseba<br />
3) , Bernd Ul lber<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Crop S<br />
37077 Göttinngen,<br />
Germ<br />
s, Georg-Auugust-Unive<br />
Research, DDepartment<br />
achstr.6, DD-37077<br />
Gö<br />
2) &<br />
Sciences,<br />
many<br />
ersity <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> Crop<br />
öttingen,<br />
Absstract:<br />
Extennsive<br />
research h on oilseed rape (OSR) in Germany y began in <strong>the</strong>e<br />
early 1980s.<br />
Due to<br />
neww,<br />
double loww<br />
cultivars in ntroduced <strong>the</strong>e<br />
average are ea <strong>of</strong> rapesee ed cultivationn<br />
in Germany<br />
rapidly<br />
greww<br />
from 140,0000<br />
ha in 198 80 to 254,0000<br />
ha in 1984 4 and has reac ched 1.43 MMio<br />
ha at pres sent. As a<br />
conssequence<br />
<strong>of</strong> f increased intensity i in production, diseases an nd pests <strong>of</strong> OSR becam me more<br />
impoortant.<br />
This stimulated research on effective co ontrol metho ods and enhhanced<br />
espec cially <strong>the</strong><br />
demmand<br />
for cultiivars<br />
with im mproved resisstance<br />
to ma ajor diseases. In Göttingeen,<br />
this challe enge was<br />
met with severaal<br />
research pr rojects and nnumerous<br />
dissertations.<br />
The T ultimatee<br />
aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>s se efforts<br />
was to deliver a scientific ba asis for deveelopment<br />
<strong>of</strong> various v comp ponents <strong>of</strong> inntegrated<br />
con ntrol and<br />
<strong>the</strong>irr<br />
integration in suitable IPM<br />
systems.<br />
The root collar aand<br />
stalk disease,<br />
also knnown<br />
as ‘bla ackleg’, caused<br />
by Phomma<br />
lingam wa as among<br />
<strong>the</strong> first diseasees<br />
<strong>of</strong> scient tific interestt.<br />
Initial stu udies were performed p inn<br />
collaborat tion with<br />
Wilhhelm<br />
Krügerr<br />
(BBA) on epidemics o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> pathog gen and resis stance screenning<br />
both in <strong>the</strong> field<br />
(e.g. . Wittern et aal.<br />
1984) and d in greenhoouses.<br />
This work w was followed<br />
over yyears<br />
and established<br />
close<br />
collaborattive<br />
relation nships with breeders thr rough suppo ort <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir selection efforts e in<br />
resisstance<br />
breediing.<br />
P. linga am became a major topic in <strong>Göttingen</strong> n and <strong>the</strong> asppects<br />
addressed<br />
were<br />
life cycle biology<br />
(e.g. Ho oltschulte 19992),<br />
epidem miology (e.g.<br />
Thürwächtter<br />
et al. 19 995) and<br />
popuulation<br />
structture<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pathogen<br />
(e.gg.<br />
Kuswinanti<br />
et al. 1999; ; Volke 19999),<br />
performed d both on<br />
<strong>the</strong> nnational<br />
and European sc cale (IMASCCORE<br />
projec ct). In additio on, several sttudies<br />
were attributed a<br />
to efffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> reduuced<br />
tillage on o <strong>the</strong> diseasse<br />
(Voss 1998,<br />
Sievert 20 000).<br />
In thhe<br />
early 1990s<br />
a novel disease d occurrred<br />
in practi ice and gaine ed research iinterest<br />
in <strong>Göttingen</strong>, G<br />
Vertticillium,<br />
innitially<br />
term med V. dahhliae,<br />
nowa adays know wn to be a separate species,<br />
V. loongisporum.<br />
Basic know wledge on symmptoms,<br />
disease<br />
develop pment, and ppathogen<br />
bio ology and<br />
deteection<br />
was gga<strong>the</strong>red<br />
in two PhD pprojects<br />
(Ho oltschulte, 1992;<br />
Cernuusko<br />
& Wol lf, 1994;<br />
Hepppner,<br />
1995; Theuerkauf f, 1995). Thhis<br />
work was<br />
continued and intensiffied<br />
after 20 001 with<br />
studdies<br />
on <strong>the</strong> daamage<br />
potent tial <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease<br />
(Dunk ker, 2006), <strong>the</strong><br />
potential o<strong>of</strong><br />
biocontrol (Stadler,<br />
20100),<br />
potential sources and d mechanismms<br />
<strong>of</strong> resistan nce in <strong>the</strong> Brassica<br />
genee<br />
pool (Eync ck, 2008;<br />
Knüüfer,<br />
<strong>2011</strong>) aand<br />
interactio ons <strong>of</strong> Verticcillium<br />
with h root-feeding g insect pestts<br />
(Keunecke,<br />
2009).<br />
‐ 17 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
J‐02
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
In-depthh<br />
studies innto<br />
host-pat thogen interractions<br />
add dressed <strong>the</strong> signal excchange<br />
and d <strong>the</strong><br />
fungal/pplant<br />
gene exxpression<br />
(Ra atzinger, 20008;<br />
Riediger, 2008; Weiberg,<br />
2008).<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r interest was in Sclerotin nia stem rot, particularly in <strong>the</strong> devel lopment <strong>of</strong> a computer-b based<br />
forecastiing<br />
system including<br />
eco onomic damaage<br />
thresholds<br />
(SkleroPr ro), which haas<br />
been laun nched<br />
to <strong>the</strong> aggricultural<br />
prractice<br />
in 200 06 (Dunker, 22006;<br />
Koch, , 2006).<br />
The OSSR<br />
Pest Group<br />
has been n involved iin<br />
various re esearch projects<br />
on <strong>the</strong> developmen nt <strong>of</strong><br />
Integratted<br />
Pest Mannagement<br />
str rategies in GGermany<br />
sin nce 1988. Ba asic and appplied<br />
researc ch on<br />
populatiion<br />
dynamiccs<br />
<strong>of</strong> pests, host plantt-pest/pathog<br />
gen-relationsh hips (Decheert,<br />
1999), plant p<br />
resistancce<br />
(Eickermmann,<br />
2008) , economic damage th hresholds (W Wahmh<strong>of</strong>, 2000),<br />
effect ts <strong>of</strong><br />
cultivatiion<br />
techniquees<br />
(Nuss, 200 04) and consservation<br />
bio o-control <strong>of</strong> pests p (Klingeenberg,<br />
1991)<br />
has<br />
been connducted<br />
in oorder<br />
to impr rove <strong>the</strong> oilseed<br />
rape pro oduction syst tems and redduce<br />
<strong>the</strong> need<br />
for<br />
insecticiide<br />
applicatioon.<br />
Special emphasis e waas<br />
given to th he effects <strong>of</strong> various v tillagge<br />
systems (V Voss<br />
1998; NNitzsche,<br />
1998;<br />
Schierbau um-Schicklerr,<br />
2005) and <strong>of</strong> pesticide application (Wolf-Schw werin,<br />
1993; NNeumann,<br />
2010)<br />
on pests and <strong>the</strong>ir anntagonists.<br />
The T main focus<br />
was on cabbage<br />
stem m flea<br />
beetle, sstem<br />
weevilss,<br />
pollen beet tle, seed weeevil<br />
and cabb bage root fly y as well as oon<br />
<strong>the</strong> status s and<br />
potential<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir nattural<br />
enemies s, particularlyy<br />
hymenopte erous parasitoids.<br />
Based on<br />
several years<br />
<strong>of</strong> extens sive field expperiments<br />
to quantify <strong>the</strong> e competitionn<br />
between weeds w<br />
and OSRR,<br />
an econommic<br />
threshold d model for weed contro ol was developed<br />
in seveeral<br />
PhD pro ojects<br />
(Küst, 1990;<br />
Munzell,<br />
1992; Wer rner, 1996). TThe<br />
state wid de applicabil lity was testeed<br />
and confir rmed<br />
in coopeerative<br />
field ttrials<br />
with th he German Pllant<br />
Protectio on Service (W Werner & Heeitefuss,<br />
199 97).<br />
‐ 18 8 ‐
Wiinter<br />
oilseed<br />
rape e: a breakk<br />
crop th hat will ENDURE<br />
Neaal<br />
Evans<br />
Plan<br />
2JQ<br />
1<br />
No<br />
OB1<br />
1 & Andrew W. W Fergusoon<br />
nt and Invvertebrate<br />
Ecology E Deepartment,<br />
Rothamsted d Researchh,<br />
Harpende en, AL5<br />
Q, UK<br />
ow at: Weat<strong>the</strong>r<br />
INnova ations Inc., 7159 Quee ens Line, PO P Box 230005,<br />
Chatha am, N7L<br />
1, ON, Canaada.<br />
Absstract:<br />
The aaim<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> EC-funded<br />
Neetwork<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ex xcellence EN NDURE (Prooject<br />
031499 9) was to<br />
deveelop<br />
a multi-disciplinary<br />
and cross-seector<br />
approac ch to <strong>the</strong> dev velopment annd<br />
implemen ntation <strong>of</strong><br />
Integgrated<br />
Pest Managemen nt strategies in Europe, creating a coordinated d structure th hat takes<br />
advaantage<br />
<strong>of</strong> addvances<br />
in agricultural sciences an nd technologies.<br />
As paart<br />
<strong>of</strong> this work w we<br />
collaaborated<br />
witth<br />
colleagues s from Denmmark<br />
and Fran nce to analys se current rottational<br />
prac ctices and<br />
croppping<br />
patternns<br />
in arable farms. We eexplored<br />
<strong>the</strong> e extent to which w differeent<br />
crops and d/or crop<br />
sequuences<br />
and eemerging<br />
IP PM technoloogies<br />
could be b used to reduce r inputts<br />
while ma aintaining<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>fitability<br />
andd<br />
sustainabili ity. Results from <strong>the</strong> UK K highlight <strong>the</strong> t current immportance<br />
<strong>of</strong> o oilseed<br />
rapee<br />
in <strong>the</strong> rotattion<br />
in comp parison to ot<strong>the</strong>r<br />
break crops. c In addition<br />
to beiing<br />
a pr<strong>of</strong>ita able crop<br />
whicch<br />
fits in welll<br />
with cerea als in terms o<strong>of</strong><br />
agronomic c practices an nd on-farm tiime<br />
planning g, oilseed<br />
rapee<br />
<strong>of</strong>fers a ‘wwindow<br />
<strong>of</strong> op pportunity’ too<br />
address UK K growers’ most m importaant<br />
pest prob blem, <strong>the</strong><br />
conttrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> resisstant<br />
weeds (particularlly<br />
black gra ass, Alopecu urus myosuro roides). Th his paper<br />
discusses<br />
potenttial<br />
crop rotations<br />
for redduced<br />
inputs in <strong>the</strong> UK an nd <strong>the</strong> centraal<br />
role <strong>of</strong> oils seed rape<br />
withhin<br />
<strong>the</strong>m.<br />
‐ 19 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
J‐03
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
J‐044<br />
Trait Variatioon<br />
in Br rassica napus<br />
- The T UK<br />
Demoonstrationn<br />
Trials<br />
Clare JJ.<br />
Hopkins<br />
A.C. Piink<br />
2,3 1<br />
, Sue J. Welham W<br />
, Pierrre<br />
W.C .Ca<br />
1 , G<br />
arion 1 Graham R. Teakle<br />
, Graaham<br />
J. Kin<br />
2 , K<br />
ng 1,4 Kerry-Sue PPeplow<br />
& Jacqueline<br />
H.A<br />
2 , D<br />
A. Barker 1<br />
avid<br />
1 Rotham<br />
msted Reseearch<br />
(RRE ES), Harpe<br />
Warwicck,<br />
Wellesboourne,<br />
CV3 35 9EF, UK<br />
Collegee,<br />
Shropshirre,<br />
TF10 8N NB;<br />
157, Lissmore,<br />
NSWW<br />
2480, Aus<br />
4 enden, Her<br />
K;<br />
Curre<br />
stralia.<br />
3 rts, AL5 2JQ, 2 UK; y <strong>of</strong><br />
Current<br />
address: Harper Addams<br />
Unive ersity<br />
ent address: : Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Cross Univversity,<br />
PO Box<br />
Abstracct:<br />
In 2009, <strong>the</strong> UK OR REGIN (Oillseed<br />
Rape Genetic G Imp<br />
funded by Defra, eestablished<br />
small-scale Diversity Demonstratio<br />
D<br />
(2009/100;<br />
2010/11) aat<br />
Rothamste ed Research. . The object tive <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
and colllect<br />
baselinee<br />
information n describingg<br />
plant perfo ormance and<br />
Fixed FFoundation<br />
SSet<br />
for B. napus (BnaaDFFS).<br />
Wi ithin <strong>the</strong> pr<br />
component<br />
traits (i.ee.<br />
mineral analyses,<br />
archiitecture<br />
and seed s compos<br />
index annd<br />
nitrogen utilisation efficiency e (NNUE),<br />
and <strong>the</strong>ir impact<br />
assessedd.<br />
However, a key feature<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> OREEGIN<br />
Diversity<br />
Demons<br />
availablee<br />
for use byy<br />
<strong>the</strong> researc ch communiity.<br />
For <strong>the</strong> 2009/2010<br />
visited aand<br />
78 traitss,<br />
including pest and dissease<br />
assessm ments, were<br />
data for 2009/10 haave<br />
been collated<br />
and annalysed<br />
in GenStat G<br />
plots, diistribution<br />
<strong>of</strong>f<br />
line means, , heritability y values and<br />
post-harrvest<br />
trait daata<br />
for 2009/ /10 and furthher<br />
examinat<br />
variationn<br />
across all traits is und derway. GxEE<br />
interaction<br />
data andd<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r relevvant<br />
datasets.<br />
Trait data wwill<br />
be secu<br />
via <strong>the</strong> OOREGIN<br />
weebsite,<br />
provid ding users wwith<br />
<strong>the</strong> capa<br />
for use iin<br />
more detaiiled<br />
experimental<br />
studiess<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir part<br />
® provement NNetwork)<br />
pro oject,<br />
on Trials ovver<br />
two sea asons<br />
trials was too<br />
observe, sample<br />
d properties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Dive ersity<br />
oject, a limmited<br />
numbe er <strong>of</strong><br />
sition) affectiing<br />
yield, ha arvest<br />
t on seed coomposition<br />
were<br />
stration Trialls<br />
is that <strong>the</strong>y y are<br />
trial, more than 100 pe eople<br />
scored collaaboratively.<br />
Raw<br />
prov viding REMML<br />
means, sc catter<br />
outputs for o<strong>the</strong>r o s<strong>of</strong>twaare.<br />
Processin ng <strong>of</strong><br />
tion <strong>of</strong> trait variation annd<br />
patterns <strong>of</strong><br />
co-<br />
s will be inv vestigated wwith<br />
2010/11 trial<br />
ured in CropStoreDB<br />
andd<br />
made avai ilable<br />
bility to sele ect subsets o<strong>of</strong><br />
BnaDFFS lines<br />
ticular trait(s s) <strong>of</strong> interest. .<br />
OREGINN<br />
Diversity DDemonstratio<br />
on Trials: htttp://www.or<br />
regin.info/res sources/trialss.php<br />
BnaDFFFS:<br />
www.braassica.info/re<br />
esource/plantts/diversity_s<br />
sets.php<br />
CropStooreDB:<br />
http:/ //www.cropstoredb.org/<br />
‐ 20 0 ‐<br />
OREGINN<br />
Diversity<br />
2 University
Hoow<br />
to design<br />
and assess a inttegrated<br />
crop ma anagemennt<br />
metho ods for<br />
winnter<br />
oilseeed<br />
rape in a netwwork<br />
<strong>of</strong> fa armers' field? f<br />
Vallantin-Morison<br />
Murie el<br />
INRRA,<br />
UMR Aggronomie<br />
IN NRA/INA P-G,<br />
B.P. 01, , F-78850 Thiverval-G T Grignon, Fra ance<br />
Absstract:<br />
Conccerns<br />
about <strong>the</strong> adversee<br />
impacts <strong>of</strong> o pesticides on <strong>the</strong> env nvironment and a <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
inevvitable<br />
negatiive<br />
side-effects<br />
on non-taarget<br />
organis sms have been<br />
growing ssince<br />
<strong>the</strong> 1960’s.<br />
For<br />
wintter<br />
oilseed raape-<br />
WOSR-<br />
(Brassica nnapus<br />
L.) in France, F <strong>the</strong> Treatment T Frrequency<br />
Ind dex (TFI)<br />
was increasing since 1994. However, mmany<br />
scient tists have be een arguing, , for more than t two<br />
decaades,<br />
that thiis<br />
reliance on o chemicalss<br />
could be co onsiderably reduced r by mmaking<br />
better<br />
use <strong>of</strong><br />
cultuural<br />
control. The aim <strong>of</strong> this paper iss<br />
to (1) expo ose a concept tual scheme illustrating <strong>the</strong> t biotic<br />
interraction<br />
betwween<br />
pests, diseases<br />
and pplants<br />
and crop c managem ment and to explicit <strong>the</strong> possible<br />
use <strong>of</strong> those inteeractions<br />
for WOSR (2) tto<br />
demonstra ate that friendly<br />
crop mannagement<br />
fo or WOSR<br />
coulld<br />
be designeed,<br />
implemen nted in farmeers’<br />
fields an nd assessed with w several ccriteria.<br />
Connsidering<br />
<strong>the</strong> interaction between b diseease,<br />
or weed ds or pests with<br />
plants, it could be pos ssible (1)<br />
to aavoid<br />
pests oor<br />
weeds or pathogens bby<br />
shifting <strong>the</strong> t crop and d pests cyclees,<br />
(2) to mo odify <strong>the</strong><br />
habiitat<br />
<strong>of</strong> pests aand<br />
<strong>the</strong>reafte er to disturb <strong>the</strong> behaviour<br />
<strong>of</strong> insects s, <strong>the</strong> contammination<br />
<strong>of</strong> pathogens p<br />
or thhe<br />
growth <strong>of</strong>f<br />
weeds, (3) to reduce thhe<br />
impact <strong>of</strong> pests. Sever ral exampless<br />
from literat ture were<br />
chossen<br />
to illustraate<br />
those bio otic interactioons,<br />
<strong>the</strong> impa act <strong>of</strong> crop management<br />
m and main ad dvantages<br />
and limitations o<strong>of</strong><br />
such cultu ural control. BBased<br />
on a logical<br />
combination<br />
<strong>of</strong> thhose<br />
elementary<br />
ways<br />
to aavoid,<br />
distuurb<br />
or reduc ce <strong>the</strong> pestts,<br />
several environment tal friendly crop mana agements<br />
(Inteegrated<br />
Cropp<br />
Manageme ent) have beeen<br />
designed<br />
thanks to a logical ccombination<br />
<strong>of</strong> those<br />
elemmentary<br />
wayss<br />
to avoid, disturb d or redduce<br />
<strong>the</strong> pest ts. We studie ed 32 plots oon<br />
15 fields from six<br />
regioons<br />
with conntrasting<br />
clim matic conditiions,<br />
distribu uted all over r France fromm<br />
2005 to 2007.<br />
The<br />
plotss<br />
differed iin<br />
terms <strong>of</strong> f crop manaagement.<br />
On n each field d, at least one integrated<br />
crop<br />
mannagement<br />
annd<br />
a convent tional crop managemen nt were teste ed. Each ploot<br />
was locat ted on a<br />
hommogeneous<br />
arrea<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field. fi Not alll<br />
<strong>the</strong> plots were w studied d every yearr.<br />
Two types s <strong>of</strong> new<br />
integgrated<br />
crop mmanagement<br />
t system (ICCM)<br />
were tes sted, according<br />
to resultss<br />
obtained in n organic<br />
WOOSR<br />
by Valanntin-Morison<br />
n et al. (20077)<br />
and Valan ntin Morison n and Meynaard<br />
(2004): a strategy<br />
baseed<br />
on avoidaance<br />
<strong>of</strong> pests and smo<strong>the</strong>rring<br />
effect on o weeds and d ano<strong>the</strong>r onee<br />
based on avoidance<br />
<strong>of</strong> ddiseases<br />
and ddestruction<br />
<strong>of</strong> o weeds beffore<br />
sowing. The choice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> strateggy<br />
was depe ending on<br />
soil depth and sooil<br />
nitrogen supply. s The ccalculation<br />
<strong>of</strong> o TFI (Treatment<br />
Frequeency<br />
Index) was w done<br />
for hherbicides,<br />
fu fungicides, in nsecticides annd<br />
molluscic cides with <strong>the</strong> e method dettailed<br />
in Bru unet et al.<br />
(20008).<br />
The calculation<br />
<strong>of</strong> energy conssumption<br />
wa as split into direct and iindirect<br />
cons sumption<br />
(Bocckstaller<br />
et aal.,<br />
2008).<br />
The mean TFI vvalue<br />
obtaine ed for integra rated crop management<br />
was w 3.47, whhich<br />
is 41% less than<br />
<strong>the</strong> mean value for convent tional crop mmanagement.<br />
The reduct tion <strong>of</strong> energgy<br />
use for in ntegrated<br />
cropp<br />
managemennt<br />
system co ompared to t<strong>the</strong><br />
conventi ional crop management<br />
m system was low and<br />
achiieved<br />
6% wiith<br />
a mean <strong>of</strong><br />
10168 MJ/ /ha (SD=230 03MJ/ha). De espite a 0.222<br />
t/ha yield reduction r<br />
(witth<br />
a max <strong>of</strong> 00.86<br />
t/ha), th he gross marggin<br />
<strong>of</strong> ICM was w higher th han <strong>the</strong> convventional<br />
one e, mainly<br />
thannks<br />
to <strong>the</strong> reeduction<br />
<strong>of</strong> operating o cossts<br />
(for a yield<br />
<strong>of</strong> ICM ranging fromm<br />
1.62 to 4. .73 t/ha).<br />
Agroonomic<br />
resuults<br />
on diseas se occurrencce<br />
and weed d competitive eness show tthat<br />
limitatio on <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
nummber<br />
and dammage<br />
<strong>of</strong> those e pests was ppossible.<br />
‐ 21 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
J‐05
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
J‐066<br />
Statuss<br />
<strong>of</strong> inseccticide<br />
re esistancee<br />
in insec ct pests <strong>of</strong> o oilseedd<br />
rape crops<br />
in Gerrmany<br />
Udo Heeimbach<br />
& Andreas Müller M<br />
Julius-KKühn-Instituute<br />
(JKI) - Federal F Ressearch<br />
Cen ntre for Cult tivated Plannts,<br />
Institute e for<br />
Plant Protection in Field d Crops aand<br />
Grass sland, Messeweg<br />
111/12,<br />
D-38 8104<br />
Braunscchweig,<br />
Gerrmany<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Pyrethroiid<br />
resistant pollen beettles<br />
(Melige e<strong>the</strong>s aeneus s) are widelly<br />
distribute ed in<br />
differentt<br />
European ccountries.<br />
Sin nce 2005 a mmonitoring<br />
on n oilseed rape<br />
pest insectts<br />
was carried d out<br />
from <strong>the</strong>e<br />
JKI in Germmany<br />
in orde er to monitorr<br />
both pollen beetle resist tance and <strong>the</strong>e<br />
susceptibili ity <strong>of</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>r oillseed<br />
rape peest<br />
insects li ike stem weeevils<br />
and flea<br />
beetles. Th hese oilseed rape pest in nsects<br />
are in a similar way selected by <strong>the</strong> t use <strong>of</strong> pyyrethroids<br />
tha an pollen bee etles. Laboraatory<br />
experim ments<br />
and monnitoring<br />
actiivities<br />
were conducted uusing<br />
<strong>the</strong> IR RAC Method d 11 test deesign.<br />
In all tests<br />
l-cyhaloothrin<br />
was uused<br />
as acti ive substancce<br />
represent ting Typ II pyrethroidss,<br />
in many tests<br />
additionnally<br />
also othher<br />
active sub bstances werre<br />
used. The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
monitoringg<br />
showed tha at <strong>the</strong><br />
resistancce<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollenn<br />
beetles increased<br />
fromm<br />
year to year:<br />
In 2010 highly resisstant<br />
popula ations<br />
dominatted<br />
in Germaany,<br />
no susceptible<br />
popuulation<br />
could d be found an ny more. Forr<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r OSR R pest<br />
insects (especially Psylliodes chrysocephaala<br />
and Ce eutorhynchus s obstrictus) ) locations with<br />
reduced sensitivity/rresistance<br />
we ere detected.<br />
‐ 22 2 ‐
Entoomology<br />
‐ Or ral Preesentat<br />
tions<br />
‐ 23 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐001<br />
Develloping<br />
ann<br />
integr rated pesst<br />
management<br />
strategy for pol llen<br />
beetlees<br />
in winnter<br />
oilseed<br />
rapee<br />
– a UK<br />
Defra a SA LINNK<br />
proj ject<br />
(LK099108)<br />
(HHGCA<br />
RD D-2007-33394)<br />
Sam M<br />
Mat<strong>the</strong><br />
M. Wo<br />
Mat<strong>the</strong><br />
Murray<br />
Richtho<br />
George<br />
1<br />
Rotham<br />
Campus<br />
Marshal<br />
Cambrid<br />
Seeds L<br />
Cambou<br />
9<br />
Saaten-<br />
10<br />
proPla<br />
5 The W<br />
Spalding<br />
4QT, 14 M. Cook<br />
A<br />
Road Ea<br />
Herts., S<br />
SW1P 3<br />
Board –<br />
1 ,<br />
ew P. Skell<br />
odcock 1 , &<br />
ew Clarke 7<br />
y 11 , Mark<br />
<strong>of</strong>en 10 , Mic<br />
e Rothschil<br />
msted researc<br />
s, Ascot, Ber<br />
ll, RG20 0H<br />
dge CB4 0W<br />
Ltd, CPC 4,<br />
urne Busines<br />
-Union (UK)<br />
ant GmbH, A<br />
Waterhouse, W<br />
g, Lincs., PE<br />
Association o<br />
ast, Petersfie<br />
SG87RE, 16 F<br />
3JR, 17 Thomas F<br />
ern<br />
Chem<br />
– Home Grow<br />
1 , Lesle<br />
& John A. P<br />
7<br />
, Jackie D<br />
Nightinga<br />
chael Tait 13<br />
d 17 & Jenn<br />
ch, Harpend<br />
rkshire SL5<br />
HR, UK, 4 Bay<br />
W, 5 Limagrain<br />
Capital par<br />
ss park, Cam<br />
K) Ltd, Rosa<br />
Albrecht-Tha<br />
Waterhouse<br />
E11 1QC, 13 F. Döring<br />
S<br />
<strong>of</strong> Independe<br />
eld, Hants.,<br />
Food and Fa<br />
mical Regula<br />
wn Cereals A<br />
2,3<br />
ey E. Smart<br />
Pickett 1 with<br />
Davies 8 , Ric<br />
ale 12 , Nigel<br />
3<br />
, Peter Tay<br />
na Watts 18<br />
den, Herts.,<br />
7PY, 3 3<br />
, Andrew<br />
t<br />
The<br />
yer CropSci<br />
n UK Ltd, R<br />
rk, Fulbourn<br />
mbridge, CB<br />
alie Field S<br />
er Straβe 34<br />
St., Hemel H<br />
Syngenta Cro<br />
ent Crop Con<br />
GU31 4HT,<br />
arming Grou<br />
ation Directo<br />
Authority, Sto<br />
1 , Nigel P.<br />
h Eileen Ba<br />
chard Jenn<br />
Padbury 6<br />
ylor 14 & Pe<br />
AL5 2JQ U<br />
organic Re<br />
ience Ltd, 23<br />
Rothwell, Ma<br />
n, Cambridg<br />
B23, 6DW, 8 1<br />
Station, Cow<br />
4, 48147 Mün<br />
Hempstead, H<br />
op Protection<br />
nsultants Ltd<br />
, 15 KWS UK<br />
up, Defra, N<br />
orate, 18 W. Fergu<br />
. Watts<br />
Agr<br />
oneleigh Par<br />
1 , Su<br />
ardsley 4 , Jo<br />
naway 9 , An<br />
6<br />
, Colin Pa<br />
eter Werne<br />
UK., 2 Divisio<br />
esearch Cen<br />
30 Cambridg<br />
arket Rasen,<br />
ge, CB1 5XE<br />
11a High St<br />
wlinge, New<br />
nster, Germa<br />
HP1 1ES, 12 uson<br />
E<br />
n UK Ltd, W<br />
d, Agricultur<br />
K Ltd, 56 Ch<br />
Nobel House<br />
riculture and<br />
rk, Kenilwort<br />
1 , Jane<br />
ue J. Welh<br />
o Bowman 5<br />
ndreas Joh<br />
atrick 9 , Jul<br />
er 15 and Jem<br />
on <strong>of</strong> Biolog<br />
tre – Elm F<br />
ge Science p<br />
Lincs., LN7<br />
E, 7 Monsant<br />
t, Kimpton, H<br />
wmarket, Suff<br />
any, 11 et A. Mar<br />
ham<br />
VSN I<br />
Elsoms Seed<br />
Whittlesford,<br />
re Place, He<br />
urch St., Th<br />
e, 17 Smith<br />
d Horticultu<br />
th, Warwicks<br />
1 , Chris<br />
5<br />
, Sean Bur<br />
hnen 10 , Dar<br />
lia-Sophie<br />
milah Bail<br />
gy, Silwood<br />
Farm, Hams<br />
park, Milton<br />
7 6DT, 6 rtin<br />
Syng<br />
to UK Ltd,<br />
Herts, SG4<br />
ffolk, CB8<br />
International<br />
ds, Pinchbeck<br />
Cambridge,<br />
eath Farm, H<br />
hriplow, Roy<br />
Square, Lon<br />
ure Develop<br />
shire, CV8 2T<br />
1 ,<br />
stine<br />
rns 6 ,<br />
rren<br />
von<br />
ey 16 ,<br />
park<br />
stead<br />
Rd.,<br />
genta<br />
2030<br />
8RA,<br />
9H,<br />
l Ltd,<br />
k Rd,<br />
CB2<br />
Heath<br />
yston,<br />
ndon,<br />
pment<br />
TL.<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Pollen beeetles<br />
(Melig ge<strong>the</strong>s aeneuss)<br />
are a serio ous pest <strong>of</strong> oilseed o rape crops in Eur rope.<br />
Resistannce<br />
to <strong>the</strong> mmajor<br />
group <strong>of</strong> o insecticiddes<br />
used to control c <strong>the</strong>m m – <strong>the</strong> pyret ethroids – is now<br />
widespreead.<br />
Integrrated<br />
pest management<br />
m (IPM) strate egies are urg gently needeed<br />
to reduce e <strong>the</strong><br />
number <strong>of</strong> insecticide<br />
treatment ts to lessen selection pr ressure for resistance r annd<br />
to protec ct <strong>the</strong><br />
environmment.<br />
The UUK<br />
Sustainab ble-Arable LINK<br />
project LK09108 ‘D Developing aan<br />
integrated d pest<br />
managemment<br />
strateggy<br />
for pollen n beetles in winter oilse eed rape’ has s been fundeed<br />
by Defra a and<br />
AHDB-HHome<br />
Growwn<br />
Cereals Authority A (RRD-2007-3394)<br />
to address<br />
this neeed.<br />
The pr roject<br />
consortiuum<br />
has 2 academic<br />
partn ners (Rothammsted<br />
Resear rch and Impe erial Collegee<br />
London) an nd 13<br />
industriaal<br />
partners ccomprising<br />
re epresentativees<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> agr rochemical industry i (Baayer<br />
CropSci ience<br />
Ltd andd<br />
Syngenta CCrop<br />
protection<br />
UK Ltdd),<br />
Crop Adv visers (Association<br />
<strong>of</strong> Inndependent<br />
Crop<br />
Consultaants),<br />
oilseedd<br />
rape plant t breeding ccompanies<br />
(S Syngenta Se eeds Ltd, Elssoms<br />
Seeds Ltd,<br />
KWS UUK<br />
Ltd, Limaagrain<br />
UK Ltd, L Monsantto<br />
UK Ltd, Saaten-Unio S n UK Ltd), t<strong>the</strong><br />
oilseeds levy<br />
board ( AHDB-HGCCA),<br />
and sp pecialists inn<br />
trap manu ufacture (Oe ecos Ltd), ddecision<br />
sup pport<br />
(proPlannt<br />
GmbH) annd<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware for biosciencce<br />
(VSN Int ternational Ltd L – <strong>the</strong> makkers<br />
<strong>of</strong> GenS Stat).<br />
Toge<strong>the</strong>er<br />
we are devveloping<br />
an IPM I strategyy<br />
based on th hree tactics: (i) improvedd<br />
monitoring g, (ii)<br />
risk asseessment<br />
and (iii) novel cr rop managemment<br />
i.e., trap p cropping.<br />
‐ 24 4 ‐
Thhe<br />
decisioon-suppo<br />
ort systemm<br />
proPla ant expe ert: A coomputer-based<br />
toool<br />
for inteegrated<br />
pest p manaagement<br />
used in Europe E<br />
Anddreas<br />
Johnen<br />
& Julia-Sophie<br />
vonn<br />
Richth<strong>of</strong> fen<br />
proPPlant<br />
GmbHH,<br />
Albrecht-Thaer-Straasse<br />
34, 481 147 Muenste er, Germany ny<br />
Absstract:<br />
proPllant<br />
expert. is a computter-based<br />
co onsultation sy ystem on crrop<br />
protectio on. Since<br />
manny<br />
years <strong>the</strong> concept mee ets <strong>the</strong> requirrements<br />
<strong>of</strong> farmers f and consultants c iin<br />
both Germ many and<br />
Euroope.<br />
Meanwhhile<br />
about on ne third <strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
users are from outside e Germany. FFrom<br />
March h till June<br />
20100<br />
users carrried<br />
out abo out 60,000 cconsultations<br />
s with <strong>the</strong> proPlant p exppert.<br />
online services.<br />
Altooge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
abouut<br />
310,000 web w pages weere<br />
called. This T high deg gree <strong>of</strong> utilissation<br />
shows s that <strong>the</strong><br />
unbiiased<br />
and inddependent<br />
se ervices proPllant<br />
GmbH <strong>of</strong>fers o also ab broad toge<strong>the</strong>er<br />
with local l partners<br />
are aappreciated<br />
bby<br />
<strong>the</strong> users.<br />
proPPlant<br />
expert. helps farme ers and advissers<br />
to reduc ce <strong>the</strong> input <strong>of</strong> plant prootection<br />
prod ducts to a<br />
miniimum<br />
whilee<br />
giving <strong>the</strong>m m economic returns as good or eve en better thaan<br />
high-inpu ut routine<br />
spraays.<br />
The systtem<br />
<strong>of</strong>fers as ssistance to uusers<br />
in mak king decision ns on a rangee<br />
<strong>of</strong> major crops c and<br />
probblems:<br />
Funggicide<br />
and growth g reguulator<br />
applica ation in cer reals, insectiicide,<br />
fungic cide and<br />
growwth<br />
regulatorr<br />
application in rapeseed as well as fu ungicide treatment<br />
in pota tatoes and sugar<br />
beet.<br />
For crop protecction<br />
in win nter oilseed rape proPla ant expert. covers c cabbaage<br />
stem fle ea beetle<br />
(Psyylliodes<br />
chryysocephala)<br />
in i autumn annd<br />
rape stem m weevil (Ceutorhynchus<br />
s napi), cabbage<br />
stem<br />
weevil<br />
(Ceutorhhynchus<br />
pall lidactylus), ppollen<br />
beetle e (Melige<strong>the</strong> es aeneus), ccabbage<br />
seed<br />
weevil<br />
(Ceuutorhynchus<br />
assimilis) and a brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae) iin<br />
spring. Regarding R<br />
funggal<br />
diseases and growth regulators prroPlant<br />
expe ert. includes consultationn<br />
on Phoma leaf spot<br />
(Phooma<br />
lingam) ) and growth h regulator usse<br />
in autumn n and on grow wth regulatorr<br />
use in sprin ng.<br />
Metteorological<br />
ddata<br />
includin ng a three-daay-forecast,<br />
provided p by meteorologiccal<br />
services, build up<br />
<strong>the</strong> base for prooPlant<br />
exper rt. The systtem<br />
analyses s <strong>the</strong>se weat <strong>the</strong>r data reg egarding imm migration<br />
condditions,<br />
eggg-laying<br />
per riods and llarval<br />
devel lopment <strong>of</strong> rapeseed ppests,<br />
<strong>the</strong> infection<br />
probbabilities<br />
<strong>of</strong> PPhoma<br />
leaf spot s since croop<br />
emergenc ce in autumn n and if <strong>the</strong> wwea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
is sui itable for<br />
growwth<br />
regulatorr<br />
application in early spriing.<br />
The analyses aree<br />
presented in n online warrning<br />
service es including among a o<strong>the</strong>rrs<br />
daily upda ated maps<br />
abouut<br />
relevant pphenological<br />
dates <strong>of</strong> rappeseed<br />
pests, e.g. begin <strong>of</strong> o egg deposiition<br />
<strong>of</strong> stem m weevils<br />
or ggood<br />
wea<strong>the</strong>rr<br />
conditions for immigraation<br />
<strong>of</strong> polle en beetles int to <strong>the</strong> fields. . This places s farmers<br />
and advisers in a position to o assess <strong>the</strong> ccurrent<br />
situa ation in one or o several reegions.<br />
Toget <strong>the</strong>r with<br />
cropp<br />
data (e.g. variety, gr rowth stage, infestation levels/yello ow trap catcches)<br />
<strong>the</strong> sy ystem is<br />
futhhermore<br />
ablee<br />
to develop p a field-speecific<br />
recom mmendation on o <strong>the</strong> appliication<br />
<strong>of</strong> a specific<br />
chemmical,<br />
if neccessary.<br />
By this t fewer trreatments<br />
are e generally needed n againnst<br />
spring pests<br />
than<br />
withh<br />
a threshold-based<br />
control<br />
strategy.<br />
‐ 25 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐02
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐003<br />
Compparing<br />
thhe<br />
perfor rmance o<strong>of</strong><br />
two decision-s d support<br />
manaagement<br />
o<strong>of</strong><br />
pollen beetles in<br />
oilseed d rape in <strong>the</strong> UK<br />
Andreww<br />
W. Fer<br />
Richtho<strong>of</strong>en<br />
1<br />
Plant<br />
Herts A<br />
3<br />
Bayer<br />
Harpen<br />
2 rguson<br />
, Matt<br />
and Inver<br />
AL52JQ, U<br />
CropScienc<br />
nden, Hertfo<br />
1 , A<br />
<strong>the</strong>w P. Ske<br />
rtebrate Ec<br />
UK; 2 proPl<br />
ce; 4 Andreas Jo<br />
ellern<br />
Plant &<br />
ordshire, AL<br />
1 ohnen<br />
, Nig<br />
cology Dep<br />
lant GmbH<br />
& Invertebr<br />
L5 2JQ, UK<br />
2 , Ei ileen Bard<br />
gel P. Watt ts<br />
epartment,<br />
H, Albrechtrate<br />
Ecology<br />
K<br />
1 dsley<br />
& Sam M<br />
Rothamste<br />
-Thaer-Stra<br />
gy Departme<br />
3 , Jul<br />
M. Cook 1<br />
lia-Sophie von<br />
d Research ch, Harpen nden,<br />
asse 34, 488147<br />
Muens ster;<br />
ent, Rothammsted<br />
Resea arch,<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Decision support syst tems (DSS) tthat<br />
identify <strong>the</strong> main period<br />
<strong>of</strong> risk bby<br />
modelling<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
populatiion<br />
dynamiccs<br />
<strong>of</strong> insect<br />
pests couuld<br />
target pest-monitori<br />
p ing efforts more preci isely.<br />
Moreoveer,<br />
<strong>the</strong>y aree<br />
likely to increase ggrowers’<br />
con nfidence in decision-mmaking,<br />
redu ucing<br />
unnecessary<br />
treatmeents<br />
and <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> inseecticide<br />
resis stance in <strong>the</strong> e target pestt.<br />
Such a DS SS is<br />
urgentlyy<br />
required inn<br />
<strong>the</strong> UK for r managemeent<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen n beetle (Me elige<strong>the</strong>s aenneus)<br />
to pres serve<br />
activity <strong>of</strong> a limitedd<br />
armoury <strong>of</strong> o insecticiddes<br />
as levels s <strong>of</strong> resistan nce increase. A phenolo ogical<br />
model-bbased<br />
DSS, ‘ proPlant exp pert’, is usedd<br />
widely in Europe E for pollen<br />
beetle managemen nt but<br />
is not yeet<br />
available iin<br />
<strong>the</strong> UK. proPlant p exppert<br />
has now been tested and refined for pollen beetle b<br />
managemment<br />
under UUK<br />
condition ns as part <strong>of</strong> f a project to develop an IPM I strategyy<br />
for <strong>the</strong> beet tle in<br />
<strong>the</strong> UK. . We compaared<br />
<strong>the</strong> per rformance <strong>of</strong>f<br />
proPlant expert e with that t <strong>of</strong> a ruule-based<br />
sys stem,<br />
dependinng<br />
on crop ggrowth<br />
stage e and tempeerature,<br />
that is currently disseminatedd<br />
to UK far rmers<br />
through <strong>the</strong> CropMMonitor<br />
website w and d o<strong>the</strong>r chan nnels. We used weathher<br />
data and d <strong>the</strong><br />
phenology<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> beeetles<br />
on stic cky traps annd<br />
oilseed ra ape crops ac cross <strong>the</strong> UKK<br />
to compare e <strong>the</strong><br />
accuracyy<br />
with whichh<br />
<strong>the</strong> two sy ystems identiified<br />
immigr ration risk an nd <strong>the</strong> monittoring<br />
effort <strong>the</strong>y<br />
recommmended.<br />
Peakk<br />
risk periods<br />
were ideentified<br />
by both b system ms but <strong>the</strong> mmonitoring<br />
effort e<br />
recommmended<br />
by prooPlant<br />
exper rt was usuallyy<br />
less than th hat recomme ended by Croop<br />
Monitor , in<br />
some yeears<br />
markedlly<br />
so. Potent tial managemment<br />
decisions<br />
resulting from <strong>the</strong> prroper<br />
use <strong>of</strong> both<br />
systems did not diffeer.<br />
‐ 26 6 ‐<br />
systems<br />
for
Efffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> teemperatu<br />
ure and pplant<br />
pos sition on pollen bbeetle<br />
numbers<br />
perr<br />
trap annd<br />
per pla ant in croops<br />
<strong>of</strong> oil lseed rap pe<br />
Riinna<br />
Kaasik<br />
1<br />
Es<br />
2<br />
Pl<br />
He<br />
1<br />
, Nigel P. Watts W<br />
stonian Univversity<br />
<strong>of</strong> L<br />
lant & Innvertebrate<br />
ertfordshiree,<br />
AL5 2JQ,<br />
2 & Saam<br />
M. Coo ok<br />
ife Sciencess,<br />
Kreutzwa<br />
Ecology Departmen<br />
UK.<br />
2<br />
aldi 1, Tartu u, 51014, Esstonia<br />
nt, Rotham msted Reseearch,<br />
Har rpenden,<br />
Absstract:<br />
This study inves stigates <strong>the</strong> rrelationship<br />
between Po ollen Beetle (Melige<strong>the</strong>s s aeneus)<br />
migrration<br />
into an oilseed rape r field aand<br />
wea<strong>the</strong>r conditions. The knowlledge<br />
genera ated will<br />
commpliment<br />
o<strong>the</strong>er<br />
studies in <strong>the</strong> quest to refine moni itoring system ms for pollenn<br />
beetle migration.<br />
A<br />
betteer<br />
monitorinng<br />
system will w providee<br />
farmers with w a more targeted appproach<br />
to applying<br />
pestticides.<br />
This may result in<br />
fewer appllications<br />
wh hich would have<br />
economiic<br />
and enviro onmental<br />
beneefits.<br />
The sttudy<br />
was car rried out in a winter oils seed rape field<br />
on Rothammsted<br />
Farm (UK) on<br />
five days in midd<br />
April <strong>2011</strong>, , during <strong>the</strong> mmigration<br />
ph hase <strong>of</strong> pollen<br />
beetles intto<br />
crops. Ea ach <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
fourr<br />
sides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>e<br />
field had a main trap ffacing<br />
outwa ards towards s one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four compa ass points<br />
Nortth,<br />
East, Souuth<br />
and West<br />
and threee<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r trap ps facing int to <strong>the</strong> crop tto<br />
monitor <strong>the</strong> t o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
commpass<br />
positioons<br />
(sixteen traps in totaal).<br />
Traps were w set up at a 07:00 eacch<br />
sampling day and<br />
channged<br />
every hhour<br />
between n 08:00 and 19:00 to cov ver a twelve hour h period. A transect walk w was<br />
commpleted<br />
everyy<br />
hour in which<br />
ten plantts<br />
were samp pled for polle en beetles ovver<br />
a distance<br />
<strong>of</strong> 30m<br />
towaards<br />
<strong>the</strong> cenntre<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crop. c This was done on<br />
each <strong>of</strong> th he four sidees<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fie eld. The<br />
relattionship<br />
betwween<br />
<strong>the</strong> me ean number o<strong>of</strong><br />
beetles pe er plant along g <strong>the</strong> transeccts,<br />
<strong>the</strong> mean n number<br />
<strong>of</strong> beetles<br />
per traap<br />
and <strong>the</strong> fi ield side andd<br />
meteorolog gical conditio ons at <strong>the</strong> timme<br />
<strong>of</strong> assessm ment will<br />
be ddiscussed.<br />
‐ 27 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐04
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo-005<br />
Usingg<br />
molecuular<br />
meth hods to<br />
pests<br />
measure e predation<br />
<strong>of</strong> ooilseed<br />
rape<br />
Barbarra<br />
Ekbom<br />
Swedishh<br />
Universityy<br />
<strong>of</strong> Agricul ltural Sciencces,<br />
Depart tment <strong>of</strong> Eco ology, Uppssala,<br />
Swede en<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Pollen bbeetles,<br />
Meli ige<strong>the</strong>s aeneeus<br />
(Fabrici ius) (Coleop ptera: Nitiduulidae),<br />
and flea<br />
beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleop ptera: Chryssomelidae)<br />
are a major pests<br />
in oilseeed<br />
rape, Bras ssica<br />
napus LL.<br />
(Brassicaceeae).<br />
Among g <strong>the</strong> predatorr<br />
species in <strong>the</strong> t generalist<br />
predator coomplex<br />
prese ent in<br />
oilseed rape fields, wolf spider rs (Araneae: : Lycosidae) ) are found on <strong>the</strong> grouund<br />
and cob bweb<br />
spiders ( (Araneae: Thheridiidae)<br />
bu uild webs in n <strong>the</strong> foliage. Here we stu udy <strong>the</strong> incideence<br />
<strong>of</strong> predation<br />
<strong>of</strong> polleen<br />
beetles aand<br />
flea bee etles by <strong>the</strong>sse<br />
two spid der groups using u DNA-based<br />
molecular<br />
analysis.<br />
Wolf spideers<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus g Pardossa<br />
and <strong>the</strong> cobweb spid der, Theridioon<br />
impressum m L.<br />
Koch, wwere<br />
each colllected<br />
in six x oilseed rapee<br />
(OSR) fiel lds (three win nter and threee<br />
spring). Pollen<br />
beetle annd<br />
flea beetlle<br />
densities as well as thhe<br />
occurrenc ce <strong>of</strong> predato ors and altern rnative prey were<br />
monitoreed.<br />
In winterr<br />
oilseed rape<br />
fields 13.88%<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> collected<br />
Pard dosa tested poositive<br />
for pollen<br />
beetle DDNA<br />
in <strong>the</strong> PPCR<br />
analyse es whereas 551.7%<br />
T. imp pressum wer re positive. TThe<br />
likelihoo od <strong>of</strong><br />
detectingg<br />
pollen beeetle<br />
DNA in <strong>the</strong> gut conntents<br />
<strong>of</strong> both h spider grou ups was possitively<br />
relate ed to<br />
pollen bbeetle<br />
larval density. In spring oilseeed<br />
rape field ds 67.1% T. impressum i teested<br />
positiv ve for<br />
pollen bbeetle<br />
DNA, but less tha an 10% weree<br />
positive (b both for wint ter and sprinng<br />
OSR) for r flea<br />
beetle DDNA.<br />
The immplications<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se ressults<br />
for con nservation biological b coontrol<br />
and future<br />
fu<br />
studies o<strong>of</strong><br />
food webss<br />
in oilseed ra ape are discuussed.<br />
‐ 28 8 ‐
Caarabids<br />
ass<br />
predato ors <strong>of</strong> polllen<br />
beetl les<br />
Erinn<br />
O'Rourkke<br />
1<br />
Scchool<br />
<strong>of</strong> B<br />
Irela land;<br />
2<br />
Pllant<br />
& Inver<br />
3<br />
Scchool<br />
<strong>of</strong> Bio<br />
4<br />
UUniversity<br />
Co<br />
1 , Sam Co ook<br />
Biological,<br />
rtebrate Eco<br />
ological Scie<br />
ollege Dubl<br />
2 , Markk<br />
Emmerson<br />
Earth & EEnvironmen<br />
ology Department,<br />
Rot<br />
ences, Queeen’s<br />
Univer<br />
lin, Dublin, Ireland<br />
3 , Laura Kirwan K<br />
ntal Scienc<br />
thamsted Re<br />
rsity, Belfas<br />
4 & Padraig W<br />
ce, Universsity<br />
College e, Cork,<br />
esearch, Haarpenden,<br />
UK;<br />
U<br />
t, Ireland;<br />
‐ 29 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐06<br />
Whelan 1
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐007<br />
The aattractiveeness<br />
<strong>of</strong> wild w crucciferous<br />
plants p on n <strong>the</strong> key y parasito oids<br />
<strong>of</strong> Meelige<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aaeneus<br />
Riina KKaasik,<br />
Gabbriella<br />
Kov vács, Luulee<br />
Metspalu & Eve Ver romann<br />
Institutee<br />
<strong>of</strong> Agriccultural<br />
an nd Environnmental<br />
Sc ciences, Esto onian Univversity<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Sciencees<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Parasitoiids<br />
can play y an essenttial<br />
role in natural co ontrol on oiilseed<br />
rape pest<br />
populatiions.<br />
Parasitooids<br />
can find d <strong>the</strong>ir hosts iin<br />
response to t chemical cues c releasedd<br />
from <strong>the</strong>ir hosts h<br />
and <strong>the</strong> infested hostt<br />
plant. Also,<br />
plant structture<br />
can affe ect <strong>the</strong> host finding fi succeess<br />
<strong>of</strong> parasit toids.<br />
Small sccale<br />
field expperiment<br />
was<br />
conducted to investigate<br />
pollen bee etle (Meliget<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aeneus Fab.) F<br />
parasitissm<br />
rate by llarval<br />
endop parasitoids oon<br />
different wild crucife erous plants:<br />
Brassica nigra n<br />
(black mmustard),<br />
Ra aphanus sativ vus var. oliffera<br />
(oilseed d radish) and d Eruca satiiva<br />
(wild rocket)<br />
compareed<br />
to springg<br />
oilseed rap pe (Brassicaa<br />
napus). In total four species <strong>of</strong> MM.<br />
aeneus larval<br />
parasitoiids<br />
were fouund:<br />
Diospilu us capito, Teersilochus<br />
he eterocerus, Phradis P morrionellus<br />
and d one<br />
stayed uunidentified.<br />
Species co omposition o<strong>of</strong><br />
parasitoid ds differed with w plant sspecies.<br />
All four<br />
species were found on B. napu us (P. morionnellus<br />
47%, D. capito 39.8%, 3 T. heeterocerus<br />
8.4%, 8<br />
unidentiified<br />
4.8%), three on B. nigra (T. hheterocerus<br />
68.6%, 6 P. morionellus m 116.3%,<br />
D. ca apito<br />
15.1%) and E. sativva<br />
(P. morionellus<br />
44.44%,<br />
D. capi ito 33.3%, unidentified u 22.2%) and d two<br />
species pparasitized<br />
laarvae<br />
on R. sativus s (D. caapito<br />
71.4%, , P. morionellus<br />
28.6%).<br />
The mosst<br />
common llarval<br />
endopa arasitoid speecies<br />
<strong>of</strong> M. aeneus a in nor r<strong>the</strong>rn and ceentral<br />
Europe<br />
are<br />
P. intersstitialis,<br />
P. mmorionellus<br />
and T. heterrocerus.<br />
Bra assica nigra was <strong>the</strong> most<br />
suitable for f T.<br />
heteroceerus,<br />
<strong>the</strong> keyy<br />
parasitoid in most Euroopean<br />
count tries. Similar rly to Finlannd,<br />
in Estonia<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
most immportant<br />
paraasitoids<br />
species<br />
in oilseeed<br />
rape has been b D. capito,<br />
which wwas<br />
<strong>the</strong> dominant<br />
species oon<br />
R. sativumm<br />
and B. nap pus.<br />
In concllusion,<br />
we ccan<br />
assume, that using B. nigra in oilseed rape<br />
field edgees<br />
may enh hance<br />
species richness <strong>of</strong>f<br />
parasitoids <strong>of</strong> M. aenneus;<br />
by pre eserving mo ore species <strong>of</strong> economi ically<br />
importannt<br />
natural ennemies<br />
<strong>of</strong> oil lseed rape peests,<br />
it is pos ssible to decrease<br />
chemiccal<br />
input and d use<br />
more sustainable<br />
pesst<br />
control.<br />
‐ 30 0 ‐<br />
Life
Efffect<br />
<strong>of</strong> Beauve eria baassiana<br />
(Balsam mo) Vuiillemin<br />
appplications<br />
to control<br />
pollenn<br />
beetles s<br />
Steffan<br />
Kuske<br />
Agrroscope<br />
Recckenholz-Tä<br />
änikon ART, Ecological l Plant Prot tection, Recckenholzstra<br />
asse 191<br />
CH--8046<br />
Züricch,<br />
Switzerla and.<br />
Absstract:<br />
The<br />
(Melige<strong>the</strong>s<br />
spp.<br />
seleccted<br />
for <strong>the</strong><br />
adullt,<br />
Melige<strong>the</strong><br />
unfoormulated<br />
sp<br />
5x100<br />
activ<br />
B. ba<br />
Twin<br />
Beau<br />
appl<br />
simi<br />
be a<br />
expe<br />
optim<br />
12 effect <strong>of</strong> Be eauveria basssiana<br />
spray applications s to control adult pollen n beetles<br />
) was investi igated. The ttwo<br />
B. bassia ana isolates ART A 2587 annd<br />
ATCC 74040<br />
were<br />
present study y. The isolatte<br />
ART 2587 7 was obtain ned from a mmycosed<br />
pollen<br />
beetle<br />
es aeneus (Fabricius), ( found in Switzerland S in 2004 an and applied both as<br />
pores and for rmulated in a 2% oil-ba ased experim mental formullation<br />
at a dosage d <strong>of</strong><br />
spores/haa.<br />
The isolate e ATCC 740040<br />
was obta ained from Intrachem<br />
Biio<br />
Italia S.p.A A. as <strong>the</strong><br />
ve ingrediennt<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pro oduct Naturaalis-L,<br />
and applied at a dosage <strong>of</strong> f 3 l/ha (0.5 5%). The<br />
assiana spraay<br />
application ns were condducted<br />
in a standardized s spray cabin at 23°C, usi ing turbo<br />
nJet nozzles at 4 bar pr ressure. Commpared<br />
to un ntreated contr rol or water r only treatm ments, <strong>the</strong><br />
uveria appliccations<br />
led to o significantlly<br />
increased pollen beetle<br />
mortality wwithin<br />
few days d after<br />
lication. Onee<br />
week after spray s applicaation,<br />
<strong>the</strong> B. bassiana tre eatments achiieved<br />
mortality<br />
levels<br />
ilar to selecteed<br />
insecticide e treatments. The results <strong>of</strong> o this study show that sppray<br />
applicat tions may<br />
a promising strategy for r biological pollen beet tle control in n oilseed raape.<br />
Howeve er, initial<br />
eriences withh<br />
field applic cations sugggest<br />
that <strong>the</strong> tested spray y formulationns<br />
have to be b fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
mised to achieve<br />
significa ant pest contrrol<br />
under fiel ld conditions.<br />
‐ 31 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐08<br />
spray
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐009<br />
Insectt<br />
pests annd<br />
preda ators in ooilseed<br />
ra ape relati ive to lanndscape<br />
and a<br />
site faactors<br />
Thomaas<br />
Frank 1 , TThomas<br />
Dr rapela 2 , Dieetmar<br />
Mose er 3 , Christi iane Haschhek<br />
4 & Joha ann<br />
Zaller 1<br />
1<br />
Unive<br />
ersity <strong>of</strong> Naatural<br />
Resou<br />
Biologgy<br />
and Bioddiversity<br />
Res<br />
Viennaa,<br />
Austria;<br />
rch Instituute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Org<br />
Viennaa,<br />
Austria<br />
a Institute ffor<br />
Nature<br />
1090 Vienna, Auustria;<br />
Illmitzz,<br />
Austria<br />
4 urces and LLife<br />
Science es Vienna, Departmennt<br />
<strong>of</strong> Integra ative<br />
search, Insttitute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Zoo ology, Greg gor Mendel Str. 33, A-1 1180<br />
anic Agricculture<br />
(FiB BL), Seiden ngasse 33--35/13,<br />
A-1 1070<br />
Conservattion<br />
& Ana alyses (VINC CA), Giesseergasse<br />
6/7 7, A-<br />
Na ational Parkk<br />
Neusiedle er See-Seew winkel, Hauuswiese,<br />
A-7 7142<br />
2 Resea<br />
3 Vienna<br />
Abstracct:<br />
In thirty ooilseed<br />
rape (OSR) fieldss<br />
located in landscapes l ra anging from structurally poor<br />
to compplex<br />
in an aggriculturally<br />
dominated reegion<br />
in Eas stern Austria a, abundancee<br />
and diversity<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
OSR pessts<br />
and arthrropod<br />
predato ors were invvestigated<br />
at eight spatial l scales. Abuundance<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen<br />
beetles aand<br />
stem weeevils<br />
was si ignificantly ppositively<br />
co orrelated with<br />
soil qualitty<br />
and negatively<br />
related tto<br />
OSR areaa.<br />
Total num mber <strong>of</strong> spideer<br />
species rev vealed <strong>the</strong> strongest<br />
possitive<br />
response<br />
to<br />
proportions<br />
<strong>of</strong> wooddy<br />
areas at small s scale, aand<br />
agrobion nt spider spe ecies were bbest<br />
explaine ed by<br />
increasinng<br />
proportion<br />
<strong>of</strong> fallows at larger scaales.<br />
Spider density d was positively p rellated<br />
to leng gth <strong>of</strong><br />
road-sidde<br />
strips withh<br />
maximum effects e at largge<br />
scales. Th he results dem monstrate <strong>the</strong>e<br />
scale depen ndent<br />
influencce<br />
<strong>of</strong> semi-naatural<br />
habita ats on spiderrs<br />
in agroeco osystems. In an exclosurre<br />
experimen nt we<br />
demonsttrated<br />
that thhe<br />
two most abundant caarabid<br />
beetle es differed in n <strong>the</strong>ir impaact<br />
on emerg gence<br />
from puupation<br />
<strong>of</strong> ppollen<br />
beetle es and stemm<br />
weevils. Whereas W Anc chomenus doorsalis<br />
fed more m<br />
effectiveely<br />
on stem wweevils<br />
than n Poecilus cup upreus, both carabids mar rginally signnificantly<br />
red duced<br />
pollen bbeetles.<br />
Undder<br />
natural field f conditiions,<br />
both th he number and a biomasss<br />
<strong>of</strong> spiders and<br />
carabidss<br />
were signiificantly<br />
neg gatively corrrelated<br />
with <strong>the</strong> density <strong>of</strong> pollen bbeetles<br />
and stem<br />
weevils, , which furthher<br />
indicates that <strong>the</strong> arthhropod<br />
preda ators studied may affect t<strong>the</strong>se<br />
particu ularly<br />
severe ppests<br />
<strong>of</strong> OSR.<br />
‐ 32 2 ‐
Meeasuring<br />
<strong>the</strong> accu uracy <strong>of</strong> landscape<br />
e indicato ors to prredict<br />
hig gh pest<br />
inffestationss<br />
and suc ccessful bbiological<br />
l control on oilseeed<br />
rape<br />
Adrrien<br />
Rusch<br />
Estrrade<br />
1<br />
D<br />
Upp<br />
Grig<br />
Cas<br />
Fra<br />
Thiv<br />
2,5<br />
Department<br />
psala, Swed<br />
gnon, Franc<br />
stanet Tolos<br />
ance 5 h<br />
AgroPa<br />
verval-Grig<br />
1 , Muriel<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ecology<br />
den 2 INRA,<br />
ce 3 Valantin-M<br />
y, Swedish<br />
UMR211 A<br />
Univers sity <strong>of</strong> Toulo<br />
san, Franc ce<br />
arisTech, U<br />
gnon, Franc<br />
4 Morison<br />
INRA, U<br />
UMR 211 A<br />
ce<br />
2 , Jean-Pierre J e Sarthou<br />
University y <strong>of</strong> Agricu<br />
Agronomie, INRA/Agro<br />
ouse, INPT- -ENSAT, UM<br />
UMR1201 DYNAFOR, D<br />
Agronomie, INRA/Agr<br />
3, , 4<br />
& Jean Rogerultural<br />
Scieences,<br />
SE 750 07,<br />
oParisTech, , 78850 Th hiverval-<br />
MR 1201 DDYNAFOR,<br />
F-31326 F<br />
F- 31326 Castanet-T Tolosan,<br />
oParisTechh,<br />
BP 01, F-78850 F<br />
Absstract:<br />
Desiggning<br />
multifu unctional lanndscapes<br />
req quires accurate<br />
indicatorss<br />
to assess th he impact<br />
<strong>of</strong> laandscape<br />
struucture<br />
on <strong>the</strong><br />
provision o<strong>of</strong><br />
goods and d services. Biological B peest<br />
control re elying on<br />
natuural<br />
enemiess<br />
is an impo ortant ecosyystem<br />
service e considered d as a sustaainable<br />
altern native to<br />
chemmical<br />
controol.<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> this studyy<br />
is to meas sure and com mpare <strong>the</strong> acccuracy<br />
<strong>of</strong> la andscape<br />
indiccators<br />
computed<br />
at vario ous spatial sscales<br />
to pred dict pollen beetle b infestaations<br />
and su uccessful<br />
bioloogical<br />
controol<br />
in northwe estern Francee.<br />
The sensit tivity, specif ficity, and pro robability <strong>of</strong> correctly<br />
rankking<br />
fields wwere<br />
estimate ed for each inndicator<br />
base ed on a survey<br />
<strong>of</strong> 42 fiellds<br />
using <strong>the</strong> e receiver<br />
operrating<br />
characteristic<br />
pro ocedure. Forr<br />
pest infest tation, <strong>the</strong> proportion p <strong>of</strong>f<br />
woodland and <strong>the</strong><br />
propportion<br />
<strong>of</strong> semi-natural l habitats wwere<br />
found to be info formative inndicators<br />
wi ith good<br />
discriminatory<br />
aabilities.<br />
For r biological control, <strong>the</strong> e proportion <strong>of</strong> woodlannd,<br />
<strong>the</strong> propo ortion <strong>of</strong><br />
semmi-natural<br />
habbitats<br />
and th he proportionn<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> prev vious year's oilseed rapee<br />
fields with h reduced<br />
soil tillage weree<br />
found to be e informativee<br />
indicators with good discriminator<br />
d ry abilities. By B using<br />
indiccator<br />
values, , optimal thre esholds, andd<br />
posterior pr robabilities, we w were ablee<br />
to compute e maps <strong>of</strong><br />
areaas<br />
at risk for pest infestat tion and thosse<br />
displaying g successful biological coontrol<br />
at <strong>the</strong> e regional<br />
scalee.<br />
This studyy<br />
provides to ools that coulld<br />
help exten nsion service es, landscapee<br />
planners, an nd policy<br />
makkers<br />
in optimmizing<br />
landsc cape structurre<br />
according to <strong>the</strong> provi ision <strong>of</strong> a keey<br />
ecosystem m service.<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> thhis<br />
study als so provide nnew<br />
grounds for understa anding trophhic<br />
interactio ons at <strong>the</strong><br />
regioonal<br />
scale ass<br />
well as <strong>the</strong> ambivalent eeffect<br />
<strong>of</strong> land dscape comp plexity on peest<br />
and natural<br />
enemy<br />
popuulations.<br />
‐ 33 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐10
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐111<br />
How tto<br />
reinforce<br />
polle en beetle biocontr rol at lan ndscape llevel<br />
usin ng a<br />
spatiaally<br />
explicit<br />
model?<br />
Fabricee<br />
Vinatier & Muriel Valantin-M V Morison<br />
INRA UUMR<br />
Agronoomie,<br />
Thive erval-Grignon,78850,<br />
France F<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Increasinng<br />
studies point<br />
out thaat<br />
pest management<br />
in agro-ecosysstems<br />
requir res a<br />
landscappe<br />
perspectivve<br />
to be ach hieved, as laandscape<br />
com mposition an nd structure affect both pest<br />
populatiions<br />
and <strong>the</strong>iir<br />
relative be eneficial orgaanisms<br />
(Rusc ch et al. 2010).<br />
Pollen beeetle<br />
(Melige e<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aeneus F.) is <strong>the</strong> mmajor<br />
insect t pest <strong>of</strong> oiilseed<br />
rape (Brassica napus<br />
L.) in n Europe, an nd is<br />
parasitizzed<br />
by <strong>the</strong> icchneumonid<br />
Tersilochus heterocerus s (Thomson) . It appears tthat<br />
semi-na atural<br />
habitats, , especially woodland and a grasslannd,<br />
are favo orable for both<br />
overwinntering<br />
<strong>of</strong> beetle b<br />
populatiions<br />
and nutrrients<br />
acquisition<br />
<strong>of</strong> paraasitoids<br />
(Rusc ch et al. <strong>2011</strong>).<br />
Moreoveer,<br />
soil tillage e and<br />
pesticidee<br />
use influennce<br />
natural parasitism aat<br />
large scale e. To study this conflictting<br />
influenc ce <strong>of</strong><br />
landscappe,<br />
and to explore new w crop mannagement<br />
an nd landscape<br />
arrangemeent,<br />
a modeling<br />
approachh<br />
at larger sscale<br />
is esse ential. Thereefore,<br />
we de eveloped a la attice modell<br />
to simulate e <strong>the</strong><br />
spatio-teemporal<br />
dynnamics<br />
<strong>of</strong> coh horts <strong>of</strong> polllen<br />
beetles and a parasitoid ds in relationn<br />
with lands scape<br />
composiition<br />
and struucture.<br />
The model m describbes<br />
<strong>the</strong> most t important processes p (disspersal,<br />
mort tality<br />
and fecuundity)<br />
affeccting<br />
population<br />
structurre<br />
in space and a time. Cr rop rotation, , soil tillage, , and<br />
pesticidee<br />
use were eexplicitly<br />
considered<br />
in t<strong>the</strong><br />
model, considering c <strong>the</strong>ir t influennce<br />
on beetle e and<br />
parasitoiid<br />
populationns.<br />
Species-s specific paraameters<br />
were e derived fro om <strong>the</strong> literat ature availabl le on<br />
<strong>the</strong> speccies<br />
or its cloosed<br />
taxon. Landscape L mmosaic<br />
and esp pecially sem mi-natural habbitats<br />
and oil lseed<br />
rape croops<br />
were deffined<br />
on <strong>the</strong> e basis <strong>of</strong> GIIS<br />
maps col llected in no orth-western France, figu uring<br />
contrastiing<br />
situationns<br />
in terms <strong>of</strong> landscappe<br />
complexi ity. The mo odel was coonfronted<br />
to real<br />
populatiion<br />
levels <strong>of</strong> f beetle collected<br />
in <strong>the</strong> zzone.<br />
Inferen nce about som me uncertainn<br />
parameters s was<br />
conducteed<br />
using an Approxima ate Bayesian computation<br />
analysis. A sensitivityy<br />
analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
model wwith<br />
fractional<br />
plans allo owed evaluatting<br />
<strong>the</strong> interaction<br />
betw ween species traits, lands scape<br />
and agriicultural<br />
pracctices.<br />
It help ps determininng<br />
<strong>the</strong> best combination<br />
c <strong>of</strong> practices, , or <strong>the</strong> trade e-<strong>of</strong>fs<br />
betweenn<br />
practices thhat<br />
reinforce biological b reegulation<br />
at landscape l lev vel.<br />
Referennces<br />
Rusch, AA.,<br />
Valantin--Morison,<br />
M., M Sarthou, JJ.-P.<br />
& Roger r-Estrade, J. (2010) Bioloogical<br />
Contr rol <strong>of</strong><br />
Insect Pests in Agroeco osystems: Efffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> Cro op Managem ment, Farminng<br />
Systems, , and<br />
Seminatural Habitats at <strong>the</strong> t Landscappe<br />
Scale: A Review. R p. 219-259.<br />
Acaddemic<br />
Press. .<br />
Rusch, AA.,<br />
Valantin-Morison,<br />
M., M Sarthou, JJ.-P.<br />
& Roger r-Estrade, J. (<strong>2011</strong>) Multti-scale<br />
effec cts <strong>of</strong><br />
landscape coomplexity<br />
an nd crop mannagement<br />
on pollen beetl le parasitismm<br />
rate. Lands scape<br />
EEcology,<br />
26, , 473-486.<br />
‐ 34 4 ‐
Thhe<br />
occurrrence<br />
<strong>of</strong> different d species <strong>of</strong> o pollen beetles iin<br />
oilseed d rape<br />
fiellds<br />
Chrristoph<br />
Buuuk<br />
& Thom mas Thiemee<br />
BTLL<br />
Bio-Test LLabor<br />
GmbH H, Birkenalllee<br />
19, 18184<br />
Sagerheide,<br />
German any.<br />
Absstract:<br />
Oilseed<br />
rape poll len beetles aand<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir bio ology were studied s fromm<br />
2008 to 20 010. This<br />
speccies<br />
is a serioous<br />
pest <strong>of</strong> oilseed o rape as it causes a significant t reduction inn<br />
yield. It is reported<br />
that <strong>the</strong> species composition n <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> polllen<br />
beetles in nfesting oilseed<br />
rape croops<br />
changes during a<br />
growwing<br />
season. Melige<strong>the</strong>s aeneus is reesistant<br />
to py yrethroids bu ut it is unknoown<br />
to what extent, if<br />
any, , <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r sppecies<br />
<strong>of</strong> pol llen beetle arre<br />
resistant. For F <strong>the</strong> effec ctive applicat ation <strong>of</strong> insec cticides it<br />
is immportant<br />
to kknow<br />
which species are present and d when <strong>the</strong>y occur in a ccrop<br />
during a season.<br />
Besiides<br />
testing thousands <strong>of</strong> o pollen beeetles<br />
from different pa arts <strong>of</strong> Euroope<br />
for resis stance to<br />
diffeerent<br />
insecticides,<br />
<strong>the</strong> sp pecies were identified using u relevan nt keys. Theese<br />
keys are e usually<br />
prodduced<br />
for acaademic<br />
purp poses and incclude<br />
a numb ber <strong>of</strong> taxa th hat do not ooccur<br />
on oilse eed rape.<br />
Therrefore,<br />
a keyy<br />
was developed<br />
for thoose<br />
species that t occur only<br />
on oilseeed<br />
rape. Th his key is<br />
baseed<br />
on digitaal<br />
photograp phs using sppecimens<br />
kin ndly provide ed by <strong>the</strong> HHumboldt<br />
University U<br />
(muuseum<br />
<strong>of</strong> nattural<br />
science es, Berlin, GGermany),<br />
Ge erman Entom mological MMuseum<br />
(Ebe erswalde,<br />
Germmany)<br />
and DDr.<br />
Jelinek (P Prague, Czechh<br />
Republic).<br />
The analysis revvealed<br />
that only o a singlee<br />
species is dominating on oilseed rrape,<br />
<strong>the</strong> true<br />
oilseed<br />
rapee<br />
pollen beettle,<br />
M. aeneu us. Reports o<strong>of</strong><br />
seasonal changes c in th he species coomposition<br />
<strong>of</strong> o pollen<br />
beettles<br />
on oilseed<br />
rape could<br />
not be veerified.<br />
This might be a consequencce<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> intense<br />
and<br />
wideespread<br />
spraaying<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilse eed rape cropps<br />
with insec cticides, whi ich is likely to kill all <strong>the</strong><br />
species<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen<br />
beetless<br />
that are not t resistant to pyrethroids.<br />
Never<strong>the</strong>less<br />
<strong>the</strong> identiffication<br />
<strong>of</strong> th he pollen<br />
beettles<br />
occurringg<br />
in oilseed rape r crops iss<br />
important as a analyses <strong>of</strong> f samples froom<br />
Switzerla and show<br />
(Derrron<br />
et al. 20007).<br />
There M. viridesceens,<br />
a specie es susceptible e to pyrethrooids,<br />
is wide ely found<br />
infessting<br />
oilseedd<br />
rape crops.<br />
It is <strong>the</strong> doominant<br />
pol llen beetle in n this crop iin<br />
many area as <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
counntry.<br />
If suchh<br />
susceptible e species aree<br />
also abund dant in o<strong>the</strong>r parts <strong>of</strong> Euurope<br />
<strong>the</strong>n it t may be<br />
posssible<br />
to reducce<br />
<strong>the</strong> application<br />
<strong>of</strong> inseecticides<br />
in th hese areas.<br />
‐ 35 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐12
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐113<br />
The hhibernatioon<br />
<strong>of</strong> oil-seed<br />
rappe<br />
pollen n beetles (Do ( beetlles<br />
resist tant<br />
to inseecticides<br />
suffer a higher oover-wint<br />
tering mo ortality?) )<br />
Kai Glooyna<br />
& Thhomas<br />
Thieme<br />
BTL Bioo-Test<br />
Laboor<br />
GmbH, Birkenallee B 119,<br />
18184 Sagerheide, S Germany<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Winter mmortality<br />
is assumed a to bbe<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
most impo ortant factorss<br />
influencing g <strong>the</strong><br />
populatiion<br />
growth o<strong>of</strong><br />
insects. De espite <strong>the</strong> ecoonomic<br />
impo ortance and frequent occcurrence<br />
<strong>of</strong> mass- m<br />
flights o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> oil-seedd<br />
rape pollen n beetle (ORRPB),<br />
Brassic coge<strong>the</strong>s aen neus (F. 17755),<br />
in spring <strong>the</strong>re<br />
is little aand<br />
contradicctory<br />
information<br />
on oveer-wintering<br />
survival in th his species. CCurrently<br />
it is i not<br />
possiblee<br />
to forecast t<strong>the</strong><br />
populatio on density annd<br />
risk <strong>of</strong> ma ass-flights in spring.<br />
Over thhe<br />
last five years field d and laboraatory<br />
experi iments were e conducted to broaden n <strong>the</strong><br />
knowleddge<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hibbernation<br />
bio ology <strong>of</strong> ORPPB<br />
in Germa any. The que estions investtigated<br />
were:<br />
1.<br />
2.<br />
3.<br />
Where and hhow<br />
many beetles b hibernnate<br />
and <strong>the</strong> e possibility <strong>of</strong> using succh<br />
informatio on to<br />
predict <strong>the</strong> rrisk<br />
<strong>of</strong> mass-f flights <strong>the</strong> foollowing<br />
spri ing?<br />
To what exteent<br />
is popula ation growth influenced by b winter mo ortality?<br />
Do beetles reesistant<br />
to py yrethroids suuffer<br />
greater over-winter mortality?<br />
In orderr<br />
to characteerize<br />
ORPB hibernation sites soil sa<br />
from diffferent<br />
biotoopes<br />
from lat te summer/aautumn<br />
to th<br />
samples were extraacted<br />
in <strong>the</strong> laboratory using a mo<br />
impossibble<br />
to determmine<br />
winter mortality byy<br />
counting d<br />
assessedd<br />
based on thhe<br />
number <strong>of</strong> o extractablee<br />
beetles. Pr<br />
hibernattion<br />
places wwere<br />
confirm med, i.e. no beetles wer<br />
forests. Fur<strong>the</strong>r this study revea aled that <strong>the</strong> distribution<br />
heterogeeneous,<br />
evenn<br />
at a small sc cale (i.e. <strong>of</strong> 1 m<br />
<strong>the</strong> effoort<br />
needed too<br />
take and extract e <strong>the</strong> s<br />
forecast <strong>the</strong> numbeers<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen<br />
beetles th<br />
extractabble<br />
beetles remained statistically<br />
th<br />
winter mmortality<br />
is loow,<br />
at least at a <strong>the</strong> location<br />
To veriffy<br />
<strong>the</strong>se resuults<br />
artificially<br />
infested sa<br />
similarlyy<br />
collected aand<br />
extracted d throughout<br />
samples <strong>the</strong> winter mortality was w low and<br />
laboratoory<br />
experimeents<br />
were co onducted to<br />
regimes on beetle moortality.<br />
To test <strong>the</strong> hypo<strong>the</strong>ssis<br />
that pyre ethroid resist<br />
glass viaal<br />
residue bioo<br />
assays wer re conducted<br />
times duuring<br />
winter. . The inner surface s <strong>of</strong> gl<br />
<strong>of</strong> lambbda-cyhalothhrin<br />
and OR RPB-mortalit<br />
percentaage<br />
mortalitty<br />
remained d constant t<br />
resistancce<br />
<strong>of</strong> ORPB is not linked d with reduce<br />
This stuudy<br />
was finaancially<br />
supp ported by <strong>the</strong><br />
Consummer<br />
Protectionn<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Un nion for Prom<br />
2 mples (0.25 m<br />
he following<br />
odified Mac<br />
dead beetles,<br />
reviously rep<br />
re found in t<br />
n <strong>of</strong> oilseed<br />
) and in suitable biot<br />
samples limits<br />
<strong>the</strong> poten<br />
he following g spring. In<br />
he same throughout<br />
hib<br />
ns and over <strong>the</strong> t periods s<br />
amples were dug into <strong>the</strong><br />
t <strong>the</strong> winter season. As f<br />
did not cha ange from au<br />
determine <strong>the</strong> t effect <strong>of</strong><br />
tant ORPB suffer s a grea<br />
d using beetle es extracted f<br />
lass vials we ere coated wi<br />
ty was assessed<br />
after 5<br />
throughout winter, sug<br />
ed winter fitn ness.<br />
e German Fe ederal Minis<br />
moting Oil an nd Protein Pl<br />
2 ) were coollected<br />
mon nthly<br />
spring. Thee<br />
beetles in <strong>the</strong>se t<br />
cFadyen appparatus.<br />
As it is<br />
over-winterring<br />
survival l was<br />
ported featurres<br />
characterizing<br />
<strong>the</strong> litter layyer<br />
<strong>of</strong> conife erous<br />
rape pollen beetles is hi ighly<br />
topes. This hheterogeneity<br />
y and<br />
ntial <strong>of</strong> usingg<br />
this metho od to<br />
nterestingly <strong>the</strong> number rs <strong>of</strong><br />
bernation. Thhis<br />
suggests that<br />
studied.<br />
e soil at hibeernation<br />
sites s and<br />
for <strong>the</strong> naturrally<br />
infested d soil<br />
utumn to sppring.<br />
In add dition<br />
f three diffeerent<br />
temperature<br />
ater over-winntering<br />
mortality,<br />
from soil sammples<br />
at diff ferent<br />
ith different application rates<br />
5 and 24 hhours.<br />
The mean m<br />
gesting thatt<br />
<strong>the</strong> pyreth hroid<br />
try <strong>of</strong> Food, , Agriculture e and<br />
lants (UFOP) ).<br />
‐ 36 6 ‐
Grrowth<br />
ratte<br />
<strong>of</strong> pol llen beetlle<br />
popula ations on n differennt<br />
cultiv vars <strong>of</strong><br />
oilsseed<br />
rapee<br />
Marie-Luise<br />
TTölle<br />
& Ber rnd Ulber<br />
Geoorg-August-University<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Crop C Scienc ces, Agricuultural<br />
Ento omology,<br />
Grissebachstrassse<br />
6, D-370 077 Göttinggen,<br />
German ny<br />
Absstract:<br />
The mmain<br />
objectiv ve <strong>of</strong> this prroject<br />
was to o determine <strong>the</strong> t effect <strong>of</strong> f oilseed rape e cultivar<br />
and crop phenology<br />
on infes station and population<br />
gr rowth <strong>of</strong> pollen<br />
beetle (MMelige<strong>the</strong>s<br />
ae eneus F.).<br />
Fieldd<br />
experimennts<br />
were con nducted overr<br />
three years to compare e <strong>the</strong> abundaance<br />
<strong>of</strong> adult t beetles,<br />
<strong>the</strong>irr<br />
reproductioon<br />
and popul lation develoopment<br />
on fo our cultivars (cvs) <strong>of</strong> winnter<br />
oilseed rape: r two<br />
cultiivars<br />
classifiied<br />
as very early e floweriing<br />
and two as late flow wering, each represented by open<br />
polliinated<br />
cvs (NNK<br />
Passion vs. Favorite)<br />
and hybrid d cvs (Elektra<br />
vs. Titan). . Field trials were set<br />
up inn<br />
a completee<br />
randomized d block desiggn<br />
with four replicated pl lots <strong>of</strong> each ccultivar.<br />
The number <strong>of</strong> ooverwintered<br />
d pollen beettles<br />
was asse essed on plan nts in April aat<br />
three-day intervals<br />
fromm<br />
early bud sstage<br />
until full fu floweringg.<br />
Sampled buds b were ex xamined for feeding wou unds and<br />
ovipposition<br />
holees.<br />
The numb ber <strong>of</strong> eggs and first ins star larvae within w buds wwas<br />
counted d and <strong>the</strong><br />
infessted<br />
buds reelated<br />
to <strong>the</strong> e total numbber<br />
<strong>of</strong> buds available. Th he abundancce<br />
and phen nology <strong>of</strong><br />
secoond<br />
instar laarvae<br />
droppin ng to <strong>the</strong> grround<br />
for pu upation was assessed usiing<br />
water tr raps. The<br />
abunndance<br />
<strong>of</strong> aadult<br />
new-ge eneration beeetles<br />
emerg ging from so oil was deteermined<br />
by ground-<br />
phottoeclectors.<br />
Deppending<br />
on sstart<br />
and dur ration <strong>of</strong> budd<br />
and flowe ering period in relation tto<br />
<strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> beetle<br />
immmigration,<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
infestation n, reproductiion<br />
and eme ergence rate e <strong>of</strong> pollen bbeetles<br />
was affected<br />
diffeerently<br />
by thhe<br />
tested cult tivars. This wwas<br />
particularly<br />
obvious s in 2008 whhen<br />
<strong>the</strong> phen nology <strong>of</strong><br />
earlyy<br />
and late floowering<br />
cult tivars obviouus<br />
differed and<br />
<strong>the</strong> immigration<br />
and oviposition <strong>of</strong> pollen<br />
beettle<br />
was delayyed<br />
by cold wea<strong>the</strong>r connditions.<br />
In th he early flow wering cvs thhe<br />
emergenc ce rate <strong>of</strong><br />
neww-generation<br />
beetles was lower than iin<br />
<strong>the</strong> late flo owering cvs. . The populaation<br />
growth rate was<br />
signnificantly<br />
higgher<br />
on cv Fa avorite than oon<br />
cv NK Pa assion. These e results weree<br />
confirmed by semi-<br />
fieldd<br />
experimentts<br />
including early e and latee<br />
release <strong>of</strong> pollen p beetle es in caged pllots.<br />
In 22009<br />
and 20010,<br />
when th here was onlly<br />
little diff ference betw ween <strong>the</strong> pheenologies<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> four<br />
cultiivars<br />
and polllen<br />
beetles colonized c <strong>the</strong>e<br />
plots in <strong>the</strong> e early bud st tage, both hyybrid<br />
cvs tend ded to be<br />
prefferred<br />
by oveerwintered<br />
beetles b and sshowed<br />
high her larval densities<br />
than <strong>the</strong> open po ollinating<br />
cultiivars.<br />
In conntrast,<br />
on hyb brid cvs <strong>the</strong> emergence rate r <strong>of</strong> new-g generation beeetles<br />
was lo ower than<br />
on OOP<br />
cvs, indiicating<br />
density-dependennd<br />
effects on<br />
larval fitn ness and moortality<br />
<strong>of</strong> larvae<br />
and<br />
pupaae<br />
in soil.<br />
Our results sugggest<br />
that <strong>the</strong> coincidencee<br />
between ad dult immigration<br />
and <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> flow wering is<br />
one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main factors regulating<br />
<strong>the</strong> poopulation<br />
gro owth <strong>of</strong> polle en beetle in t<strong>the</strong><br />
field. In early e and<br />
shorrt<br />
flowering cultivars, an nd particularrly<br />
at delaye ed beetle imm migration, thhe<br />
time avai ilable for<br />
ovipposition<br />
and larval develo opment can bbe<br />
insufficie ent, resulting in low reprooduction<br />
rate es. These<br />
resuults<br />
confirm eearlier<br />
observ vations by NNilsson<br />
(1988 8, 1994).<br />
Thiss<br />
project waas<br />
funded by y <strong>the</strong> Germaan<br />
Federal Ministry M <strong>of</strong> Food, F Agricuulture<br />
and Consumer<br />
C<br />
Prottection.<br />
‐ 37 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐14
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐115<br />
The potentiall<br />
<strong>of</strong> sili icate rocck<br />
dust<br />
(Meligge<strong>the</strong>s<br />
sppp.)<br />
Claudiaa<br />
Daniel, HHansueli<br />
Di ierauer & MMaurice<br />
Cl lerc<br />
Researcch<br />
Institutee<br />
<strong>of</strong> Orga anic Agricuulture<br />
(FiB BL), Acker rstrasse, CCH-5070<br />
Frick, F<br />
Switzerrland<br />
Abstracct:<br />
In organnic<br />
agricultu ure, treatmeents<br />
with ro ock dusts fo or soil ameendment,<br />
dis sease<br />
preventiion<br />
or insect control have e a long tradiition.<br />
Clinoptilolite<br />
(a nat turally occurrring<br />
zeolite) ) was<br />
tested aggainst<br />
pollenn<br />
beetle Melig ge<strong>the</strong>s spp. iin<br />
organic an nd IPM oilseed<br />
rape fieldds<br />
in order to o find<br />
a controol<br />
strategy coompatible<br />
with<br />
<strong>the</strong> guidellines<br />
for org ganic agricult ture in Switzzerland.<br />
Dust t and<br />
spray appplications<br />
wwere<br />
evaluat ted in severral<br />
large-scale<br />
field trial ls from 20008<br />
to <strong>2011</strong>. Dust<br />
applicatiions<br />
using 300-750 kg g/ha pulverizzed<br />
clinopti ilolite (partic cle size
Suiitability<br />
<strong>of</strong> differ rent cultiivars<br />
<strong>of</strong> turnip rape r as ttrap<br />
crops<br />
for<br />
integrated<br />
ccontrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> o major ppests<br />
on winter oilseed<br />
rappe<br />
Alexxander<br />
Döring<br />
1<br />
Geeorg-August<br />
Grissebachstr.<br />
Agrricultural<br />
S<br />
Witzzenhausen,<br />
1 , Rain ner Wedemmeyer<br />
t-University y <strong>Göttingen</strong>,<br />
6, D-37077<br />
Götting<br />
Sciences, Ecological E<br />
Germany<br />
2 , Helm mut Saucke<br />
, Dept. <strong>of</strong> Crop C Scienc<br />
gen, Germ many;<br />
Plant Pro<br />
2 e<br />
Uni<br />
otection, N<br />
2 & Berndd<br />
Ulber<br />
ces, Agricu<br />
iversity <strong>of</strong><br />
Nordbahnh<strong>of</strong><br />
1<br />
ultural Ento omology,<br />
f Kassel, Organic<br />
fstr. 1a, D-37213 D<br />
Absstract:<br />
Turnip<br />
rape (Bra assica rapa) ) has been reported to be a suitabble<br />
trap crop p for <strong>the</strong><br />
mannagement<br />
<strong>of</strong> insect pests s in oilseed rape (Brassi ica napus). Due to its hhigh<br />
attractiv veness to<br />
majoor<br />
pests it haas<br />
potential to t divert pesst<br />
insects from<br />
<strong>the</strong> main crop, <strong>the</strong>rebyy<br />
preventing g damage<br />
to oiilseed<br />
rape.<br />
In thhe<br />
years 20008<br />
- 2010, tw wo types <strong>of</strong> ffield<br />
experim ments were conducted c in n order to ide entify <strong>the</strong><br />
mosst<br />
suitable turrnip<br />
rape cul ltivar for trapp<br />
cropping and a to assess s <strong>the</strong> effect o<strong>of</strong><br />
trap crop perimeter p<br />
stripps<br />
on <strong>the</strong> spaatial<br />
within-f field distribuution<br />
<strong>of</strong> pest ts. In random mised field pplot<br />
experiments,<br />
one<br />
oilseeed<br />
rape culltivar<br />
(‘Robu ust’), one oiilseed<br />
turnip rape cultiva ar (‘Largo’) and two co over crop<br />
turnnip<br />
rape culttivars<br />
(‘Perk ko’, ‘Malwirra’)<br />
were sc creened for <strong>the</strong>ir attracttiveness<br />
to <strong>the</strong> t most<br />
impoortant<br />
insectt<br />
pests. In th he o<strong>the</strong>r fieldd<br />
experimen nts, perimete er strips withh<br />
alternating g plots <strong>of</strong><br />
turnnip<br />
rape (‘Larrgo’)<br />
and oil lseed rape (‘ ‘Robust’) (6m m width * 60 0m length) wwere<br />
sown along a two<br />
oppoosite<br />
edges o<strong>of</strong><br />
an oilseed d rape field. TThe<br />
effect <strong>of</strong><br />
turnip rape e and oilseedd<br />
rape perime eter plots<br />
on th <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> ppest<br />
infestation<br />
within thhe<br />
adjacent oilseed o rape main m crop (110,<br />
20 and 30m<br />
from<br />
perimmeter<br />
plots) was investig gated in sprinng<br />
and summ mer.<br />
Cabbbage<br />
stem flea beetle (Psylliodes chrysocepha ala) and pollen<br />
beetle (Melige<strong>the</strong>s aeneus)<br />
signnificantly<br />
preeferred<br />
all tes sted turnip raape<br />
cultivars s to oilseed rape, r measurred<br />
as numbe er <strong>of</strong> flea<br />
beettle<br />
larvae perr<br />
plant, numb ber <strong>of</strong> pollenn<br />
beetle adult ts in flowers and damageed<br />
pods, resp pectively.<br />
Onlyy<br />
<strong>the</strong> pollen beetle discr riminated bettween<br />
differ rent cultivars s <strong>of</strong> turnip raape<br />
and sign nificantly<br />
prefferred<br />
‘Malwwira’<br />
to ‘Larg go’ and ‘Perkko’.<br />
In contr rast, <strong>the</strong> cabb bage seed weeevil<br />
(Ceutor rhynchus<br />
assimmilis)<br />
preferrred<br />
oilseed rape r to turnipp<br />
rape: pods <strong>of</strong> oilseed ra ape showed a significantly<br />
higher<br />
leveel<br />
<strong>of</strong> infestation<br />
by weevil<br />
larvae thann<br />
turnip rape pods.<br />
Simmilar<br />
to <strong>the</strong> reesults<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cultivar scrreening,<br />
perimeter<br />
plots <strong>of</strong> turnip rappe<br />
were pref ferred by<br />
mosst<br />
insect pestss<br />
compared to t oilseed rappe.<br />
However r, <strong>the</strong> higher aggregation <strong>of</strong> cabbage stem flea<br />
beettle<br />
and pollen<br />
beetle in <strong>the</strong> t turnip rappe<br />
border pl lots did not result r in lowwer<br />
pest infes station in<br />
<strong>the</strong> adjacent oilseed<br />
rape main m crop. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, gra ain yield <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> main crop did not n differ<br />
signnificantly<br />
betwween<br />
plots bordered b by tturnip<br />
rape and<br />
oilseed ra ape.<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tturnip<br />
rape cultivar c ‘Maalwira’<br />
may improve <strong>the</strong> e efficacy <strong>of</strong>f<br />
<strong>the</strong> perimeter<br />
strips<br />
agaiinst<br />
pollen beeetle.<br />
‐ 39 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Eo o‐16
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Eo‐117<br />
Effectt<br />
<strong>of</strong> turniip<br />
rape trap t cropps<br />
on <strong>the</strong> infestati ion <strong>of</strong> wiinter<br />
oilseed<br />
rape bby<br />
pollenn<br />
beetle<br />
Marie-LLuise<br />
Töllee<br />
1<br />
Georgg-August-Un<br />
Grisebaachstrasse<br />
6<br />
Birkenwweg<br />
18, D-1<br />
1 , Kai Gloy yna<br />
niversity Gö<br />
6, D-37077<br />
18184 Sager<br />
2 , Thommas<br />
Thieme e<br />
öttingen, DDept.<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crop<br />
7 <strong>Göttingen</strong>, , Germany;<br />
rheide/OT TThulendorf,<br />
2 & Bernd<br />
p Sciences,<br />
2 d Ulber<br />
Bio-Test<br />
Germany.<br />
1<br />
Agriculturral<br />
Entomol logy,<br />
Labor GmbbH<br />
Sagerhe eide,<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Pollen beeetle,<br />
Meliget <strong>the</strong>s aeneus F. has devel loped widesp pread resistannce<br />
to pyreth hroid<br />
insecticiides<br />
in recennt<br />
years. To reduce<br />
<strong>the</strong> cuurrent<br />
extensive<br />
use <strong>of</strong> insecticides,<br />
al alternative co ontrol<br />
strategiees<br />
are neededd<br />
which hav ve potential tto<br />
keep poll len beetle infestation<br />
on crops <strong>of</strong> oil lseed<br />
rape bellow<br />
thresholld<br />
levels. We e investigateed<br />
<strong>the</strong> potent tial <strong>of</strong> winte er turnip rappe,<br />
Brassica rapa<br />
(cv. ‘Peerko’)<br />
for prrotection<br />
<strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> main ccrop<br />
<strong>of</strong> win nter oilseed rape, Brasssica<br />
napus, from<br />
infestation<br />
by pollenn<br />
beetle. Th he effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> turnip ra ape trap cro op on <strong>the</strong> abbundance,<br />
sp patio-<br />
temporaal<br />
distributionn<br />
and damag ge <strong>of</strong> pollen beetles on th he oilseed ra ape main croop<br />
was exam mined<br />
over threee<br />
years in mmultiple<br />
field d experimentts<br />
at two loc cations close to Rostock and <strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
in<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rnn<br />
Germany. In each field d, replicatedd<br />
plots <strong>of</strong> oil lseed rape (5 50 m wide x 60-100 m long) l<br />
were bordered<br />
at one<br />
edge ei<strong>the</strong>r r by a turnipp<br />
rape strip (6 6 m wide x 60-100 6 m lonng)<br />
or by oil lseed<br />
rape; traap<br />
crop plotss<br />
alternated with controll<br />
plots. In ad ddition, <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> tarrgeted<br />
insect ticide<br />
applicatiions<br />
on <strong>the</strong>se<br />
border stri ips on pollenn<br />
beetle abun ndance and distribution d oon<br />
<strong>the</strong> main crop<br />
was inveestigated.<br />
The turnnip<br />
rape trap crop borders<br />
attracted siignificantly<br />
higher h numb bers <strong>of</strong> pollenn<br />
beetles than<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
oilseed rape borders,<br />
as long as a <strong>the</strong> main crop <strong>of</strong> win nter oilseed rape was inn<br />
<strong>the</strong> bud stage. s<br />
Howeveer,<br />
in all expeeriments<br />
<strong>the</strong> preference o<strong>of</strong><br />
adult beet tles for turnip p rape did noot<br />
result in lower<br />
numberss<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen bbeetles<br />
in <strong>the</strong> e adjacent mmain<br />
crop. Th his might be due to <strong>the</strong> pphenology<br />
<strong>of</strong> o <strong>the</strong><br />
turnip rrape<br />
infloresscences<br />
whic ch developeed<br />
only 3-4 days earlier r than <strong>the</strong> iinflorescence<br />
es <strong>of</strong><br />
oilseed rrape.<br />
Numbeers<br />
if pollen beetles werre<br />
reduced in n border plots<br />
that were directly spr rayed<br />
with insecticides.<br />
Hoowever,<br />
inse ecticide treatm tments target ted to <strong>the</strong> bo order strips hhad<br />
no signif ficant<br />
effect onn<br />
<strong>the</strong> abundaance<br />
and spat tial distributiion<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen n beetles in th he adjacent ooilseed<br />
rape main<br />
crop, as compared tto<br />
oilseed rap pe plots borrdered<br />
by un ntreated strips.<br />
Feeding ddamage<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen<br />
beetles oon<br />
oilseed raape<br />
was not significantly s different bet tween all trea atments.<br />
This prooject<br />
was finnancially<br />
supported<br />
by thhe<br />
German Federal<br />
Minis stry <strong>of</strong> Food, , Agriculture e and<br />
Consummer<br />
Protectionn.<br />
‐ 40 0 ‐
Paathology<br />
‐ Or ral Preesentat<br />
tions<br />
‐ 41 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐001<br />
Potenntial<br />
effeccts<br />
<strong>of</strong> global<br />
warrming<br />
on n oilseed d rape paathogens<br />
s in<br />
Northhern<br />
Germany<br />
Magdaalena<br />
Siebolld<br />
& Andre eas von Tieedemann<br />
Georg-AAugust-Uniiversity<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>,<br />
Deppartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> f Crop Scien nce, Divisionn<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant<br />
Patholoogy<br />
and Croop<br />
Protectio on, Grisebacchstr.<br />
6, D-37077<br />
Gött tingen, Germmany<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The rise <strong>of</strong> mean air r and hencee<br />
soil temper rature due to<br />
global waarming<br />
will have<br />
effects oon<br />
both cropp<br />
and fungal l pathogen ddevelopment.<br />
Within <strong>the</strong> e research fra ramework KL LIFF<br />
(Climatee<br />
Change Reesearch<br />
in Lower L Saxonny,<br />
Germany),<br />
potential effects e <strong>of</strong> hiigher<br />
air and d soil<br />
temperattures<br />
on thhe<br />
life cyc cle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> economical lly important<br />
oilseed rape patho ogens<br />
Leptosphhaeria<br />
macuulans,<br />
Sclero otinia sclerottiorum<br />
and Verticillium V longisporum<br />
l m are investig gated<br />
both <strong>the</strong>eoretically<br />
annd<br />
experimen ntally.<br />
Within t<strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>oreticaal<br />
approach, published knnowledge<br />
ab bout temperature<br />
influencces<br />
on certain n life<br />
cycle sttages<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>e<br />
pathogens,<br />
such as ssurvival,<br />
spo orulation, in nfection andd<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r dis sease<br />
developmment,<br />
was coompared<br />
with<br />
current climmate<br />
change e scenarios fo or <strong>the</strong> periodds<br />
2001-2030 0 and<br />
2071-2100<br />
at threee<br />
different oilseed o rape growing re egions in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn N Gerrmany.<br />
There<br />
is<br />
evidencee<br />
that warmiing<br />
might fa avour all threee<br />
fungal diseases,<br />
but shifts s in futuure<br />
prevalenc ce <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>se paathogens<br />
mayy<br />
occur, fav vouring Sclerrotinia<br />
sclero otiorum and Verticilliumm<br />
longisporu um in<br />
particulaar.<br />
In orderr<br />
to study efffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> rising g soil tempeeratures<br />
on th he soil- and debris-borne<br />
d e life cycle st tages<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tthree<br />
pathoggens<br />
under field condittions,<br />
a soil l warming experiment e was establis shed.<br />
Investigations<br />
includde<br />
(1) ascos spore releasee<br />
<strong>of</strong> Leptosp phaeria mac culans in auutumn<br />
as we ell as<br />
subsequent<br />
stem caanker<br />
development,<br />
(2) aapo<strong>the</strong>cia<br />
pr roduction <strong>of</strong> f Sclerotiniaa<br />
sclerotiorum<br />
in<br />
spring aand<br />
(3) <strong>the</strong> infection <strong>of</strong> o winter oillseed<br />
rape by b Verticilli ium longispoorum.<br />
First year<br />
experiennces<br />
and ressults<br />
<strong>of</strong> this soil warminng<br />
experimen nt will be presented,<br />
inccluding<br />
warm ming<br />
effects oon<br />
plant growwth,<br />
microcli imate and funngal<br />
pathoge en development.<br />
‐ 42 2 ‐
Scllerotinia<br />
sclerotiorum<br />
– thhe<br />
impor rtant dise ease <strong>of</strong> ooilseed<br />
ra ape on<br />
seleected<br />
sitees<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Czech RRepublic<br />
Janna<br />
Poslušnáá<br />
1)<br />
Aggritec<br />
Plant<br />
Devvelopment<br />
L<br />
1 & Eva Pl<br />
t Research Ltd., L Šumpeerk,<br />
Czech R<br />
Ltd., Depart tment Opavaa,<br />
Czech Re epublic<br />
lachká 2<br />
Absstract:<br />
Sclerootinia<br />
stem rot r is a serious<br />
global problem<br />
on oilseed<br />
rape. TThe<br />
disease is i caused<br />
by t<strong>the</strong><br />
polyphaggous<br />
pathogen<br />
Sclerotinnia<br />
sclerotior rum which also a attacks sunflower, mustard,<br />
peass,<br />
beans andd<br />
various oth her vegetablee<br />
crops (tom matoes, cucum mbers, lettucce<br />
etc.). Sin nce 2007,<br />
serioous<br />
oilseed rape disease es (Sclerotinnia<br />
stem rot, blackleg et tc.) have beeen<br />
monitored<br />
at two<br />
locaations<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Czech Republic.<br />
Reseaarch<br />
instituti ions in Šum mperk and Oppava<br />
are engaged<br />
in<br />
testiing<br />
for <strong>the</strong> ooccurrence<br />
<strong>of</strong> o Sclerotiniaa<br />
ascospores s on oilseed rape petal leeaves.<br />
Tests are done<br />
accoording<br />
to <strong>the</strong>e<br />
methodolo ogy used at t<strong>the</strong><br />
Universi ity <strong>of</strong> Saska atchewan (Peetal<br />
Test Ma anual for<br />
Scleerotinia<br />
in Caanola;<br />
1991) ). The testingg<br />
<strong>of</strong> petals for f <strong>the</strong> presen nce <strong>of</strong> ascosspores<br />
is don ne during<br />
<strong>the</strong> flowering peeriod<br />
and <strong>the</strong><br />
data are uused<br />
to predi ict <strong>the</strong> possib ble level <strong>of</strong> infection in selected<br />
regioons<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Czech<br />
Republ lic. We advisse<br />
growers when w <strong>the</strong>y should<br />
treat oillseed<br />
rape cr rops with<br />
<strong>the</strong> aaim<br />
<strong>of</strong> decreeasing<br />
plant damage and yield loss. Since S 2004 we w have alsoo<br />
tested <strong>the</strong> resistance<br />
<strong>of</strong> seelected<br />
varieeties<br />
<strong>of</strong> winte er oilseed rappe<br />
to Sclerot tinia stem rot t. This work has produce ed a large<br />
dataaset<br />
that inclludes<br />
inform mation on ressistance,<br />
ove erwintering and a frost-proo<strong>of</strong><br />
ability, yield y and<br />
thouusand<br />
grain wweight<br />
(TGW W) from a nummber<br />
<strong>of</strong> expe eriments acro oss <strong>the</strong> Czecch<br />
Republic.<br />
‐ 43 ‐<br />
Republic; 2)<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
OSEVA Reesearch<br />
and d<br />
Po o‐02
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐003<br />
Interaactions<br />
bbetween<br />
canopy structure e <strong>of</strong> WO OSR andd<br />
Scleroti inia<br />
sclerootiorum<br />
ddisease<br />
de evelopmeent<br />
Allart C<br />
1<br />
CETI<br />
2<br />
Chamb<br />
3<br />
Chamb<br />
4<br />
Cham<br />
Rochell<br />
1 , Gourraat<br />
M<br />
IOM, Centre<br />
bre d’Agric<br />
bre d’Agric<br />
mbre d’Agr<br />
le cedex 9<br />
1 , Tauv vel O<br />
e de Grigno<br />
culture de l’<br />
culture de la<br />
riculture de<br />
2 , Gelooen<br />
M<br />
on, BP 4, 78<br />
’Eure 5 rue<br />
a Nièvre 25<br />
e Charentes<br />
3 , Gu uerin O<br />
88850 Thive<br />
e de la Petit<br />
Bd Leon Bl<br />
s Maritime<br />
4 & Xavier Pin<br />
erval Grigno on, France; ;<br />
te Cité BP 882 8 - 27008 Evreux ced dex<br />
lum 58000 Nevers<br />
es 2 avenu ue de Fétill lly - 17074 4 La<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Sclerotiniia<br />
stem rot caused c by thhe<br />
fungal pat thogen Sclerotinia<br />
sclerootiorum<br />
(Lib b.) de<br />
Bary is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mmost<br />
damagin ng diseases o<strong>of</strong><br />
oilseed rap pe (Brassica a napus) withh<br />
harmful att tacks<br />
2 in 3 evvery<br />
10 yearrs.<br />
Today, th his fungal dissease<br />
is <strong>the</strong> major cause <strong>of</strong> fungicidee<br />
application ns on<br />
<strong>the</strong> cropp.<br />
In order to find alternat tive approacches<br />
to pestic cides as expe ected by <strong>the</strong> FFrench<br />
Ecop phyto<br />
2018 plaan,<br />
we are loooking<br />
for agronomic<br />
prractices<br />
able to limit atta acks <strong>of</strong> Sclerrotinia<br />
on oil lseed<br />
rape.<br />
The folllowing<br />
hyppo<strong>the</strong>sis<br />
was s tested: ann<br />
“open” ca anopy in oi ilseed rape could limit t <strong>the</strong><br />
developmment<br />
<strong>of</strong> diseease<br />
by redu ucing <strong>the</strong> coontact<br />
betwee en infested petals p (pathoogen)<br />
and le eaves<br />
(host), aand<br />
by creatiing<br />
a canopy y microclimaate<br />
unfavora able for disease<br />
developmment.<br />
Contra asted<br />
canopiess<br />
have beenn<br />
generated using 3 faactors:<br />
plant t density, va ariety and nnitrogen<br />
dat te <strong>of</strong><br />
applicatiion<br />
during twwo<br />
agronomi ic seasons inn<br />
several loca ations each year.<br />
During t<strong>the</strong><br />
oilseed rrape<br />
developm ment, some observations s were made to control pplants’<br />
growt th, to<br />
estimatee<br />
differences between can nopies (ramiifications,<br />
LA AI), to estim mate disease ddevelopment<br />
t risk<br />
(infestedd<br />
petals’ ratee,<br />
petals falle en in <strong>the</strong> cannopy,<br />
measur re <strong>of</strong> climate e within <strong>the</strong> ccanopy).<br />
Dis sease<br />
incidencce<br />
and severiity<br />
under natu ural contamiination<br />
have been checke ed when it occcurred.<br />
Variancee<br />
analyses bbring<br />
to ligh ht morpholoogies<br />
<strong>of</strong> con ntrasted cano opy accordin ing to <strong>the</strong> te ested<br />
modalitiies,<br />
more or less favorabl le <strong>of</strong> petals’ adhesion to leaves. Lower<br />
densities ddevelop<br />
cano opies<br />
with moore<br />
ramificattions:<br />
reveali ing <strong>the</strong> plastticity<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant able to t compensaate<br />
low dens sities.<br />
These diifferences<br />
<strong>of</strong>f<br />
canopy arch hitecture are to be connec cted with <strong>the</strong> e fungus deveelopment.<br />
‐ 44 4 ‐<br />
nochet 1
Immprovemeent<br />
<strong>of</strong> stem<br />
mold rresistanc<br />
ce <strong>of</strong> oilse eed rape<br />
Tobbias<br />
Wulf, BBirger<br />
Koo opmann & Andreas vo on Tiedemann<br />
Geoorg-August-University<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>, Departme ent <strong>of</strong> Crop p Sciences, Division <strong>of</strong> o Plant<br />
Pathhology<br />
and Crop Prote ection, Grissebachstr.<br />
6, D-37077 <strong>Göttingen</strong>, G GGermany<br />
Absstract:<br />
The GGerman<br />
set <strong>of</strong> winter ooilseed<br />
rape varieties har rbours no prronounced<br />
resistance r<br />
agaiinst<br />
<strong>the</strong> stemm<br />
rot pathog gen, Scleroti tinia scleroti iorum. The erefore, screeening<br />
metho ods were<br />
deveeloped<br />
to chharacterize<br />
a set <strong>of</strong> variieties<br />
provid ded by different<br />
breedinng<br />
companie es. These<br />
methhods<br />
includeed<br />
field scre eening experriments,<br />
a gr reenhouse sc creening andd<br />
a laborator ry assay,<br />
whicch<br />
are presennted<br />
followe ed by a compparison<br />
<strong>of</strong> re esults. Additi ionally, <strong>the</strong> ggreenhouse<br />
screening s<br />
and <strong>the</strong> laboratoory<br />
assay we ere used to ccharacterize<br />
<strong>the</strong> resistanc ce in wild Brrassica<br />
spec cies. This<br />
yieldded<br />
some pootential<br />
sourc ces <strong>of</strong> resistaance<br />
which are a described d and which ccould<br />
be dep ployed in<br />
<strong>the</strong> ffuture<br />
breediing<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilseed d rape with iimproved<br />
res sistance to Sc clerotinia steem<br />
rot.<br />
‐ 45 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Po o‐04
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐005<br />
Use o<strong>of</strong><br />
Geograaphic<br />
Informatioon<br />
System ms for th he DSS SSkleroPr<br />
ro -<br />
simulation<br />
<strong>of</strong> SSclerotin<br />
nia stem rrot<br />
Beate TTschöpe,<br />
Beenno<br />
Klein nhenz & Thhorsten<br />
Zeu uner<br />
ZEPP – Centrall<br />
Institution n for Deccision<br />
Supp port Systems<br />
in Crrop<br />
Protection,<br />
Rüdesheimer<br />
Str. 660,<br />
D-55545 5 Bad Kreuzznach,<br />
Germ many<br />
In 2010 a new way <strong>of</strong> presentin ng results <strong>of</strong> Decision Su upport System ms (DSS) foor<br />
plant pests s and<br />
diseasess<br />
has been immplemented<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Informmation<br />
Syste em for Integr rated Plant PProduction<br />
(I ISIP)<br />
www.isiip.de.<br />
By mmeans<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geographic<br />
Innformation<br />
Systems (G GIS) meteoroological<br />
dat ta <strong>of</strong><br />
temperatture,<br />
relativee<br />
humidity and a global raadiation<br />
were<br />
interpolate ed. Additionaally<br />
precipitation<br />
data fromm<br />
radar meaasurements<br />
in n a high spattial<br />
resolution n were used as input paraameter.<br />
This data<br />
lead to rrisk<br />
maps whhich<br />
help to identify hot spots and simplifies<br />
<strong>the</strong> interpretatioon<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> model’s<br />
results. FFur<strong>the</strong>rmoree<br />
<strong>the</strong> user doe es not have tto<br />
choose a specific s mete eorological sstation,<br />
but gets g a<br />
plot-specific<br />
calculaation<br />
for his plant produuction<br />
site. The T system is i supplemennted<br />
by a sp patial<br />
three-daay<br />
wea<strong>the</strong>r foorecast<br />
<strong>of</strong>fere ed by <strong>the</strong> Gerrman<br />
Meteor rological Ser rvice.<br />
For <strong>the</strong> DSS SkleroPro<br />
which calculates c <strong>the</strong>e<br />
risk <strong>of</strong> Scl lerotinia stem m rot (SSR) on oil seed rape<br />
(OSR) t<strong>the</strong><br />
GIS-baseed<br />
risk maps s are shownn<br />
in figure 1. 1 If <strong>the</strong> risk k map turns from “green n” to<br />
“yellow” ” <strong>the</strong> user should start plot speciffic<br />
calculatio on because first infectiions<br />
<strong>of</strong> SSR R are<br />
possiblee.<br />
The spatial<br />
meteorolog gical input iss<br />
also used to t calculate <strong>the</strong> t microclimmate<br />
in <strong>the</strong> OSR<br />
canopy. Fur<strong>the</strong>r inpuut<br />
data for plot-specific p calculation are crop rot tation, date o<strong>of</strong><br />
mid-bud stage s<br />
(GS 55) , costs <strong>of</strong> sprray,<br />
expected d yield and pprice<br />
<strong>of</strong> rapes seed.<br />
Since 22006<br />
plot-specific<br />
valida ation trials <strong>of</strong> SkleroPr ro have bee en carried oout<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Plant P<br />
Protectioon<br />
Services. In <strong>2011</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
trials are ccalculated<br />
based<br />
on inte erpolated meet<br />
data and radar r<br />
precipitaation<br />
for <strong>the</strong> first time.<br />
Fig. 1: RRisk<br />
maps <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Germany for f Sclerotiniia<br />
stem rot, April A <strong>2011</strong>. Dark D (green) ) areas mean n “no<br />
infectionn”,<br />
light-coloored<br />
(yellow w) areas meaan<br />
“first infe ection possib ble” (Individdual<br />
plot-spe ecific<br />
calculatiion<br />
necessaryy).<br />
‐ 46 6 ‐
Reducing<br />
thhe<br />
impac ct <strong>of</strong> scleerotinia<br />
disease: d inoculumm<br />
detectio on and<br />
forrecasting<br />
fungicid de timingg<br />
in oilsee ed rape<br />
a<br />
Caaroline<br />
Youung,<br />
e<br />
Johhn<br />
Clarkso<br />
a<br />
ADDAS<br />
Drayto<br />
b<br />
ADDAS<br />
Boxwor<br />
Werrgs<br />
Road, W<br />
AL55<br />
2JQ, UK;<br />
CV335<br />
9EF, UK<br />
Cheeadle,<br />
Chesh<br />
b Denis<br />
on & f Steve<br />
on, Alcester<br />
rth, Cambr<br />
Wolverhamp<br />
; e Warwick<br />
K; f se Ginsburrg,<br />
e Waterhou<br />
r Road, Stra<br />
ridge CB23<br />
pton WV6 8<br />
Crop Cent<br />
BASF pl lc, Agricultu<br />
hire SK8 6Q QG, UK<br />
c Laura<br />
use<br />
atford upon<br />
3 4NN, UK;<br />
8TQ, UK; d<br />
Fawcett,<br />
tre, Univers<br />
ure Division<br />
b<br />
n Avon, Wa<br />
; c b<br />
Peter Gladdders,<br />
arwickshire<br />
ADAS Wolverhampt<br />
W<br />
d<br />
Rothamsted d Research,<br />
sity <strong>of</strong> War rwick, Welle<br />
n, PO Box 4, 4 Earl Roa<br />
d Jon n West,<br />
e CV37 9RQ Q, UK;<br />
ton, ‘Wood dthorne’,<br />
, Harpenden,<br />
Herts<br />
esbourne, Warwick W<br />
ad, Cheadle e Hulme,<br />
Absstract<br />
Sclerootinia<br />
disease<br />
caused byy<br />
<strong>the</strong> fungus s Sclerotinia a sclerotioruum<br />
causes si ignificant<br />
lossees<br />
in oilseed<br />
rape and o<strong>the</strong>r arablee<br />
and veget table crops in <strong>the</strong> UK, with infected<br />
crops<br />
provviding<br />
a poteential<br />
source e <strong>of</strong> infectioon<br />
to subsequ uent and/or nearby suscceptible<br />
crop p species.<br />
Straategies<br />
for coontrol<br />
are mainly m focuseed<br />
on infecti ion from <strong>the</strong> e airborne sppores<br />
produc ced when<br />
sclerrotia<br />
germinnate,<br />
but <strong>the</strong>r re is interest in targeting sclerotia in soil as well. . This repor rt focuses<br />
on iimproving<br />
thhe<br />
timing <strong>of</strong> o foliar funngicide<br />
appli ications, but t is part <strong>of</strong> f a larger pr roject on<br />
integgrated<br />
controol,<br />
also inve estigating conntrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> soil-borne phase, p <strong>the</strong> pootential<br />
for improved i<br />
conttrol<br />
from co-operation<br />
between b farmms,<br />
and modelling<br />
<strong>the</strong> ef ffects <strong>of</strong> rotaations.<br />
Boscalid<br />
with<br />
metcconazole<br />
waas<br />
applied as single sprayys<br />
at yellow bud, b early-, mid-, m and latte-flower,<br />
an nd also as<br />
two and three sppray<br />
program mmes at comb mbinations <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong>se times, to an oilseeed<br />
rape trial at a ADAS<br />
Roseemaund,<br />
Heereford,<br />
UK 2010. Two forecasting models were<br />
adapted foor<br />
use and tested t in-<br />
fieldd.<br />
A spore innfection<br />
mod del based on SkleroPro infection i con nditions gavee<br />
approximat tely 90%<br />
conttrol<br />
using 488<br />
hr forecas st alerts to gguide<br />
spray timing (two o sprays). A germinatio on model<br />
preddicted<br />
a latee<br />
spray whi ich was lesss<br />
effective. Petal samp pling on foour<br />
occasion ns during<br />
flowwering<br />
indicaated<br />
moderat te-high inocuulum<br />
accord ding to agar plate tests. PCR tests on 24 hr<br />
Burkkard<br />
spore ttrap<br />
samples<br />
showed thhat<br />
some as scospore ino oculum was present ear rlier than<br />
deteected<br />
on petaals<br />
or by obs servations <strong>of</strong> f sclerotial ge ermination, and a concentrrations<br />
incre eased and<br />
peakked<br />
during fflowering.<br />
Forecasting F based on wea<strong>the</strong>r w data may need tto<br />
be combin ned with<br />
inocculum<br />
measuurements<br />
to be b more effecctive.<br />
‐ 47 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Po o‐06
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐007<br />
Biocontrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> sclerotin nia stem<br />
intenssity<br />
rape producti ion<br />
Nana B & Andrea as v. Tiedem<br />
1)<br />
Division<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant t Pathology and Crop PProtection,<br />
Departmen D t <strong>of</strong> Crop Sc Sciences, Ge eorg<br />
August--University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Göttinge en, Grisebacchstr.<br />
6, D- 37077 <strong>Göttingen</strong>,<br />
Germmany<br />
2)<br />
Georggian<br />
L. Kancchaveli<br />
Research<br />
Instittute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plan nt Protection n, Tbilisi, GGeorgia<br />
Bitsadze 1,2)<br />
rot – co ornerston ne in duurable<br />
hi igh-<br />
mann 1)<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Rapeseedd<br />
production in <strong>the</strong> EU-15<br />
more thhan<br />
15 milliion<br />
tons wh hile <strong>the</strong> area<br />
underlyiing<br />
intensifiication<br />
<strong>of</strong> ra apeseed pro<br />
rotationss<br />
which haas<br />
enhanced d disease p<br />
applicatiions.<br />
Nonethheless,<br />
chemi ical control o<br />
to countteract<br />
<strong>the</strong> ovverall<br />
increa ase <strong>of</strong> disea<br />
inoculumm,<br />
sclerotia, which may survive in t<br />
fungiciddes.<br />
Moreoveer,<br />
Sclerotini ia sclerotior<br />
types likke<br />
root rot annd<br />
young pla ant damage,<br />
cultivarss<br />
is availablee,<br />
current co ontrol does n<br />
rapeseedd<br />
cultivation.<br />
A potential<br />
improveme<br />
with <strong>the</strong>e<br />
conidia <strong>of</strong> t<strong>the</strong><br />
antagonistic<br />
mycopar<br />
sclerotiaa<br />
and penetraates<br />
<strong>the</strong> scler rotial rind and<br />
tissue. TThereby,<br />
C. minitans pro opagates and<br />
field soiil.<br />
C. minitanns<br />
has been shown to be<br />
mycoparrasitic<br />
potenntial.<br />
A more e recent find<br />
potent ddegrader<br />
<strong>of</strong> melanised fungal struc<br />
Rhizoctoonia<br />
solani, has a high potential p to<br />
M. ochraacea<br />
at an innoculum<br />
density<br />
<strong>of</strong> 10<br />
3 weekss.<br />
Fluorescennce<br />
microsco<br />
reporter gene transfformed<br />
(DsR<br />
demonsttrated<br />
<strong>the</strong> ability<br />
<strong>of</strong> M. o<br />
internal formation o<strong>of</strong><br />
pycnidia a<br />
C. minittans,<br />
mycopaarasitic<br />
activ<br />
restricted<br />
to <strong>the</strong> periiphery<br />
<strong>of</strong> scl<br />
M. ochraacea<br />
did nott<br />
increase th<br />
particulaarly<br />
superiorr<br />
at lower ino<br />
5 5 has double<br />
a <strong>of</strong> cultivat<br />
oduction ma<br />
problems an<br />
<strong>of</strong> diseases l<br />
ase pressure,<br />
<strong>the</strong> soil for a<br />
rum, besides<br />
recently. Sin<br />
not appear du<br />
ent is post-h<br />
rasite Conio<br />
d medulla, w<br />
d may estab<br />
e superior to<br />
ding is, that<br />
ctures <strong>of</strong> Ve<br />
degrade scle<br />
coonidia/ml,<br />
in<br />
opic studies under <strong>the</strong> c<br />
Red, GFP) ttransgenic<br />
s<br />
chracea to innvade<br />
and co<br />
and completee<br />
sclerotial d<br />
vity <strong>of</strong> M. oochracea<br />
wa<br />
lerotia. Treat atment <strong>of</strong> scl<br />
he overall myycoparasitic<br />
oculum densiities<br />
(
Stuudies<br />
onn<br />
Tricho oderma iin<br />
prote ection <strong>of</strong> f winterr<br />
oilseed d rape<br />
agaainst<br />
funngal<br />
dise eases<br />
Mallgorzata<br />
J<br />
Piottr<br />
Kachlic<br />
Kallembasa<br />
1<br />
Ins<br />
and<br />
2<br />
edryczka<br />
stitute <strong>of</strong> Pl<br />
d Humanitie<br />
1 ,<br />
cki 1 Adam Daawidziuk<br />
, Jerzy y Chelkow<br />
lant Genetic cs PAS Pozn<br />
es, Siedlce, Poland P<br />
1 ,<br />
wski 1 Delfina P<br />
, Beat ta Wisniew<br />
nan, Poland d; 2 opiel<br />
Siedlce U<br />
1 , Juddyta<br />
Strak<br />
wska-Kadzzajan<br />
University o<br />
2 kowska<br />
&<br />
<strong>of</strong> Natural S<br />
1 ,<br />
Dorota<br />
Sciences<br />
Absstract:<br />
Accoording<br />
to <strong>the</strong> e newest dirrectives<br />
<strong>of</strong> th he European Communityy<br />
<strong>the</strong> management<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
pestts<br />
and diseasees<br />
shall com mbine integrattive<br />
practices,<br />
that are bo oth effective and environ nmentally<br />
frienndly.<br />
The ammount<br />
<strong>of</strong> pes sts should bee<br />
reduced using<br />
<strong>the</strong> most t economical al ways with <strong>the</strong> least<br />
posssible<br />
hazard to people an nd <strong>the</strong> enviroonment.<br />
In re ecent years <strong>the</strong>re t has beeen<br />
increasing g interest<br />
in anntagonistic<br />
aand<br />
hyperpar rasitic fungi, , which have e potential in n combating plant pathogens<br />
and<br />
thuss<br />
reducing thhe<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> o pesticidess<br />
needed in crop protection.<br />
One o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> most powerful<br />
bioccontrol<br />
agennts<br />
for use against plaant<br />
pathoge ens, are <strong>the</strong> e representaatives<br />
<strong>of</strong> th he genus<br />
Tricchoderma.<br />
TThe<br />
aim <strong>of</strong> this t work wwas<br />
to check <strong>the</strong> potential<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> geenus<br />
Trichod derma to<br />
conttrol<br />
fungi pathogenic<br />
to oilseed o rape (Brassica na apus). The fungal f materiials<br />
used in <strong>the</strong> t study<br />
commprised<br />
<strong>the</strong> isolates belonging<br />
too<br />
five spec cies, includ ding T. atrooviride,<br />
T. hamatum, h<br />
T. haarzianum,<br />
TT.<br />
koningii (T Tk) and T. lonngibrachiatu<br />
um (Tl). Isola ates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se e fungi were obtained<br />
fromm<br />
oilseed rappe<br />
and yello ow lupin plaants<br />
as well as from <strong>the</strong> e soil from rapeseed fie elds. The<br />
studdies<br />
were perrformed<br />
und der laboratoryy<br />
and field conditions. c The T laboratoory<br />
experime ents were<br />
donee<br />
on agar meedia<br />
using dual d culture bbioassays<br />
wi ith most imp portant fungaal<br />
pathogens growing<br />
side by side withh<br />
<strong>the</strong> cultures<br />
<strong>of</strong> Trichodderma.<br />
The st tudies were done d using 119<br />
isolates, belonging b<br />
to thhe<br />
followingg<br />
species: Alternaria A allternata,<br />
A. brassicae, A. A brassicicoola,<br />
Botrytis cinerea,<br />
Lepttosphaeria<br />
bbiglobosa<br />
(Lb), (L Leptosp sphaeria mac culans (Lm) ), Sclerotiniia<br />
sclerotior rum and<br />
Vertticillium<br />
longgisporum<br />
(Vl l). The cellullolytic<br />
activi ity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> isol lates was alsoo<br />
studied usi ing Filter<br />
Papeer<br />
Assay. Thhe<br />
level <strong>of</strong> absorbance a wwas<br />
measured d at λ=530 nm. n The celllulolytic<br />
acti ivity was<br />
meaasured<br />
in Filtter<br />
Paper Un nits (FPU), wwhere<br />
1 FPU U = 1 µmol/m ml×min. In ffield<br />
experim ments <strong>the</strong><br />
plannts<br />
<strong>of</strong> two cuultivars<br />
<strong>of</strong> WOSR<br />
were trreated<br />
with four f doses <strong>of</strong> f spore suspeension<br />
in two o periods<br />
during<br />
<strong>the</strong> autummn<br />
and in thr ree consecuttive<br />
seasons from 2008/2 2009 to 20100/<strong>2011</strong>.<br />
The collected<br />
stubbble<br />
was alsoo<br />
sprayed wit th spore susppensions<br />
<strong>of</strong> five f Trichode erma speciess.<br />
It was foun nd that in<br />
duall<br />
cultures <strong>the</strong>e<br />
tested isola ates <strong>of</strong> Trichooderma<br />
sp. efficiently e co ontrolled <strong>the</strong> pathogens <strong>of</strong> o oilseed<br />
rapee.<br />
They decreeased<br />
<strong>the</strong> gro owth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pathogens on o agar cultures,<br />
especiallly<br />
<strong>of</strong> Vl and d Lb. The<br />
speccies<br />
<strong>of</strong> Trichhoderma<br />
diff fered in <strong>the</strong>irr<br />
hyperparasi itic propertie es, mainly toowards<br />
Lm, where w an<br />
antibbiosis<br />
effect was observe ed in dual cuultures<br />
with Tl and T. harzianum.<br />
Thhe<br />
highest cellulolytic<br />
activvity<br />
was founnd<br />
for <strong>the</strong> iso olates <strong>of</strong> T. hharzianum.<br />
In<br />
<strong>the</strong> proces <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hydroolysis<br />
<strong>of</strong> cellulose<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
mosst<br />
efficient isolate<br />
was Tk k. This isolatee<br />
was also th he slowest in growth and <strong>the</strong> least abu undant in<br />
sporrulation.<br />
Thee<br />
highest reta ardation <strong>of</strong> ggrowth<br />
and development<br />
was observeed<br />
for Lb. In contrast,<br />
Lm sslowed<br />
downn<br />
<strong>the</strong> growth h <strong>of</strong> Trichodeerma<br />
spp., es specially <strong>of</strong> Tl. T The Lm phhytotoxin<br />
sir rodesmin<br />
PL hhas<br />
been addded<br />
to liqui id cultures o<strong>of</strong><br />
several Trichoderma<br />
Tr isolates to sstudy<br />
its rol le in this<br />
inhibbition.<br />
No siignificant<br />
decrease<br />
or deccomposition<br />
<strong>of</strong> sirodesm min PL has beeen<br />
observed d in <strong>the</strong>se<br />
cultuures<br />
so far. FField<br />
studies have demonnstrated<br />
a ver ry weak effec ct <strong>of</strong> Trichodderma<br />
spp. on o phoma<br />
leaf spotting <strong>of</strong> WWOSR.<br />
The e trend was ppositive,<br />
but low or no st tatistical corrrelations<br />
wer re found.<br />
The spore suspeension<br />
<strong>of</strong> Tr richoderma sprayed on stubble <strong>of</strong> WOSR W decreeased<br />
<strong>the</strong> am mount <strong>of</strong><br />
crudde<br />
fiber by 7. .4% (after tw wo weeks) to 16.7% (after<br />
two months).<br />
‐ 49 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Po-08
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐009<br />
Foreccasting<br />
ssystem<br />
for f blackleg<br />
(Le eptosphae eria macculans<br />
and a<br />
Leptossphaeria<br />
biglobos sa) <strong>of</strong> cruucifers<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Czec ch Repubblic<br />
Jana Pooslušná<br />
1)<br />
Agrit<br />
Develop<br />
Science<br />
<strong>of</strong> Agric<br />
Medicin<br />
Plant P<br />
1 , EEva<br />
Plachká<br />
tec Plant RResearch<br />
L<br />
pment Ltd., , Departme<br />
es, Departmment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plan<br />
culture andd<br />
Forestry i<br />
ne, Czech RRepublic,<br />
Protection, C<br />
5)<br />
á<br />
Czech Repub<br />
2 , Pavel RRyšánek<br />
Ltd., Šumpe<br />
ent Opava,<br />
nt Protectio<br />
in Brno, De<br />
)<br />
Agricultur<br />
blic<br />
3 , Radovan R Po<br />
erk, Czech Republic;<br />
Czech Re epublic;<br />
on, Praha, C<br />
epartment o<br />
ral Researc<br />
3)<br />
korný<br />
Czech Repu<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crop Sci<br />
ch Institute<br />
4 & T<br />
2)<br />
OSEVA<br />
Czech Uni<br />
ublic; 4) Tomáš Spit<br />
Research and<br />
iversity <strong>of</strong> Life<br />
Meendel<br />
Unive ersity<br />
ience, Breeeding<br />
and Plant P<br />
Kroměříž, Departmen nt <strong>of</strong><br />
Abstract:<br />
Blacklegg<br />
is a serious<br />
global ddisease<br />
<strong>of</strong> cr rucifers. It is i caused byy<br />
two patho ogens<br />
Leptosphhaeria<br />
macuulans<br />
and L. biglobosa. In <strong>the</strong> Czec ch Republic, canola and oilseed rape e are<br />
attackedd<br />
each seasoon<br />
and yield loses can bbe<br />
20 %. To o help grow wers protect <strong>the</strong>ir crops from<br />
blacklegg<br />
attack, prediction<br />
syste em are used d to help targ get fungicide e applicationns<br />
in some o<strong>the</strong>r o<br />
countriees<br />
in Europe (Poland, UK K). In 20088,<br />
<strong>the</strong> Czech Ministry <strong>of</strong> Agriculture commission ned a<br />
project ( (QH81127) tto<br />
develop a forecasting system to help h oilseed rape r growerss<br />
and agricul ltural<br />
chemicaal<br />
company representativ ves to recoggnise<br />
when crops were at risk fromm<br />
high levels<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
infectionn<br />
with <strong>the</strong> aaim<br />
<strong>of</strong> reduc cing yield looses.<br />
Five Cz zech research<br />
institutionns<br />
worked on n <strong>the</strong><br />
project iin<br />
collaboratiion<br />
with DuP Pont who proovide<br />
meteor rological dat ta (precipitatiion,<br />
tempera ature)<br />
for inpuut<br />
to <strong>the</strong> systtem<br />
which allows a us to predict <strong>the</strong> risk r <strong>of</strong> infection<br />
from bllackleg.).<br />
At t five<br />
differentt<br />
sites (Šummperk,<br />
Opava a, Prague, BBrno<br />
and Kroměříž)<br />
we monitor forr<br />
<strong>the</strong> presenc ce <strong>of</strong><br />
airbornee<br />
ascospores <strong>of</strong> Leptosphaeria<br />
spp. in both spr ring and autumn.<br />
This data along with<br />
associateed<br />
meteoroloogical<br />
data allows a us to forecast high<br />
risk period ds in order too<br />
advise gro owers<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> need<br />
for prevventive<br />
or cu urative treatmments<br />
on oils seed rape cro ops. In 20099/10,<br />
a dedic cated<br />
website was also maade<br />
available to provide innformation<br />
about a <strong>the</strong> risk k <strong>of</strong> infectionn.<br />
‐ 50 0 ‐<br />
tzer 5
Ideentification<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ph homa risk<br />
years and regi ions withh<br />
<strong>the</strong> dec cision-<br />
suppport<br />
sysstem<br />
proP Plant<br />
Vollk<br />
Thomas & Julia-So ophie von RRichth<strong>of</strong>en<br />
proPPlant<br />
GmbHH,<br />
Albrecht-Thaer-Straasse<br />
34, 481 147 Muenste er<br />
Absstract:<br />
The pproPlant<br />
exp<br />
withh<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir decisions<br />
regardi<br />
autuumn.<br />
The first questiion<br />
<strong>the</strong> syst<br />
infecctions.<br />
Takinng<br />
into acco<br />
whee<strong>the</strong>r<br />
recent wwea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
cond<br />
<strong>the</strong> next days. In parallel<br />
emeergence.<br />
The second quesstion<br />
proPlan<br />
requuired<br />
this auutumn,<br />
when<br />
growwth<br />
regulatorr<br />
use. The fi<br />
spott<br />
treatment annd<br />
<strong>the</strong> need o<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> fungiicides<br />
agains<br />
alreaady<br />
developeed,<br />
if Phoma<br />
dayss<br />
promoted new infecti<br />
efficciency<br />
(infecction-based<br />
fu<br />
if noo<br />
infestationn<br />
is visible ye<br />
prevvious<br />
days. DDepending<br />
o<br />
can be already arround<br />
20<br />
proPPlant<br />
expert.<br />
infesstation<br />
is vi<br />
varieety,<br />
growth<br />
<strong>of</strong> suuited<br />
fungici<br />
resisstance<br />
are als<br />
By tthis<br />
also <strong>the</strong><br />
is annswered<br />
by<br />
efficcacy<br />
(given i<br />
th pert. crop prrotection<br />
con nsultation system<br />
helps ffarmers<br />
and advisers<br />
ng control o<strong>of</strong><br />
Phoma le eaf spot and <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> growth regu ulators in<br />
tem answerss<br />
is, if <strong>the</strong> current wea a<strong>the</strong>r promottes<br />
Phoma leaf l spot<br />
ount <strong>the</strong> prevvious<br />
days an nd a three-day-forecast,<br />
<strong>the</strong> system finds out<br />
ditions weree<br />
conducive or o become conducive c to o phoma infe ections in<br />
<strong>the</strong> system also analys ses <strong>the</strong> incr rease <strong>of</strong> phooma<br />
risk sin nce crop<br />
nt expert. annswers<br />
is, if a fungicide application a aagainst<br />
Phom ma leaf is<br />
n are <strong>the</strong> opttimal<br />
dates and what needs<br />
to be cconsidered<br />
regarding r<br />
ield-specific recommend dation consid ders both, <strong>the</strong>e<br />
need <strong>of</strong> ph homa leaf<br />
<strong>of</strong> growth reggulator<br />
use (timing, ( choice<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungiciide).<br />
st Phoma leaaf<br />
spot in aut tumn makes sense only iif<br />
several lea aves have<br />
a leaf spot innfestation<br />
is visible v and if f <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r er during <strong>the</strong> previous<br />
ions. In thiss<br />
case a cur rative treatm ment leads tto<br />
a high degree d <strong>of</strong><br />
fungicide straategy).<br />
The system s advises<br />
against a ffungicide<br />
ap pplication<br />
et or if infesstation<br />
canno ot develop because<br />
<strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
wea<strong>the</strong>r du uring <strong>the</strong><br />
n <strong>the</strong> year an and <strong>the</strong> regio on <strong>the</strong> optima al date for trreatment<br />
in Germany G<br />
<strong>of</strong> f September or not before<br />
mid <strong>of</strong> Oct tober.<br />
analyses th he wea<strong>the</strong>r ddata<br />
and <strong>the</strong> user gives <strong>the</strong> informattion<br />
to <strong>the</strong> system s if<br />
sible in <strong>the</strong> field or nott.<br />
From <strong>the</strong>se<br />
and fur<strong>the</strong> er data (e.g. susceptibilit ty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
stage) proPlant<br />
expert. dderives<br />
a con ncrete decision<br />
for treatmment<br />
with a selection<br />
ides and application<br />
ratess.<br />
The requir rements regarding<br />
growthh<br />
regulating and frost<br />
so taken into o account.<br />
third questio on “how do ffungicides<br />
differ d in <strong>the</strong> efficacy e agaiinst<br />
Phoma leaf<br />
spot”<br />
proPlant ex xpert., becauuse<br />
it contai ins a databa ase with currative<br />
and protective<br />
p<br />
in degree day ys) <strong>of</strong> registeered<br />
Phoma leaf l spot fung gicides.<br />
‐ 51 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Po o‐10
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐111<br />
Eight years’ exxperience<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> SSPEC<br />
for recasting g system ffor<br />
oilsee ed<br />
rape pprotectioon<br />
in Pola and<br />
Malgorrzata<br />
Jedr<br />
Matysiak<br />
1<br />
Instit<br />
Poznan<br />
2 & Rysz<br />
tute <strong>of</strong> Plan<br />
n, Poland; 2<br />
ryczka 1 , Joanna J K<br />
zard Bandu urowski<br />
nt Genetics<br />
2<br />
DuPont Po<br />
2<br />
Kaczmarek<br />
s, Polish A<br />
oland Ltd., P<br />
1<br />
, Andrzej j Brachacczek<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> f Sciences, Strzeszyns<br />
Powązkows ska 44c, 01-797<br />
Warsza<br />
2 , Robert<br />
ska 34, 60-479<br />
aw, Poland d<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Numerouus<br />
pathogens<br />
<strong>of</strong> plants are broadca asted by air r, which alllows<br />
<strong>the</strong>n to<br />
be<br />
disperseed<br />
over very large areas. Unlike soil ppathogens<br />
th hat are persistent<br />
in certaiin<br />
areas or fi ields,<br />
and are transferred to new site es mainly onn<br />
agricultura al machinery y or sometimmes<br />
via seed ds or<br />
tubers, aairborne<br />
pathhogens<br />
can ea asily move oover<br />
tens- or even hundre eds <strong>of</strong> kilomeeters.<br />
This al llows<br />
<strong>the</strong>m to find new ecoological<br />
nich hes suitable ffor<br />
growth an nd developm ment. Pathogeen<br />
dispersal is i <strong>the</strong><br />
key poinnt<br />
<strong>of</strong> each inffection<br />
proce ess and may greatly vary y between spe ecies, regionns<br />
and host-p plants<br />
and is affected byy<br />
<strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
and regiional<br />
microc climates. Ae erobiology o<strong>of</strong>fers<br />
tools and<br />
methodoologies<br />
allowwing<br />
monitor ring <strong>of</strong> airborrne<br />
inocula. This process s allows us nnot<br />
only to ga<strong>the</strong>r<br />
<strong>the</strong>oreticcal<br />
knowleddge<br />
on patho ogens’ devellopment<br />
but also provid des valuablee<br />
information n for<br />
agricultuural<br />
practice and can iden ntify <strong>the</strong> cruccial<br />
periods for f plant prot tection with fungicides.<br />
In Polannd<br />
a networkk<br />
<strong>of</strong> 10 volum metric sporee<br />
samplers lo ocated in dif fferent geogrraphical<br />
loca ations<br />
has beenn<br />
constantly operating since<br />
autumnn<br />
2004. The monitoring is known ass<br />
<strong>the</strong> System m for<br />
Forecastting<br />
Diseasee<br />
Epidemics (in Polish: System Prognozowania<br />
a Epidemii Chorob, SP PEC).<br />
From thhe<br />
very start, , <strong>the</strong> monito oring <strong>of</strong> airborne<br />
ascospo ores has bee en focused oon<br />
Leptospha aeria<br />
maculanns<br />
and L. bigglobosa,<br />
two pathogens o<strong>of</strong><br />
oilseed rap pe, responsible<br />
for econommic<br />
losses due<br />
to<br />
blacklegg<br />
or stem caanker.<br />
The communicati<br />
c ions about th he concentra ation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inoculum in<br />
air<br />
samples are immediiately<br />
passed d to farmerss,<br />
using <strong>the</strong> website and d SMS text mmessages<br />
sent<br />
to<br />
registereed<br />
users. Thhe<br />
data distribution<br />
in real-time is s possible du ue to <strong>the</strong>se technologie es <strong>of</strong><br />
messagee<br />
delivery. Inn<br />
Poland <strong>the</strong> communicaations<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> SPEC decision<br />
support system are being b<br />
sent usinng<br />
mobile nnets<br />
to 3000 registered uusers,<br />
four tim mes per seas son. The eduucational<br />
we ebsite<br />
(www.sppec.edu.pl)<br />
o<strong>of</strong>fering<br />
scie entific descriiptions<br />
is vis sited by ca. 4000 websitte<br />
users per year<br />
and <strong>the</strong> commercial website (ww ww.dupont.ppl)<br />
<strong>of</strong>fering a complex in nformation sservice<br />
as we ell as<br />
advice is<br />
visited by nearly 10,00 00 users eachh<br />
year. The numbers sho ow high interrest<br />
in <strong>the</strong> use<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
aerobiollogical<br />
data iin<br />
helping to o undertake ddecisions<br />
in plant protec ction against <strong>the</strong> most ser rious<br />
diseasess<br />
<strong>of</strong> agricultuural<br />
crops. The T methodss<br />
can be eas sily impleme ented to o<strong>the</strong>er<br />
pathogens s and<br />
geographhical<br />
regionss,<br />
for examp ple as already dy demonstra ated in north Poland, for r <strong>the</strong> inoculu um <strong>of</strong><br />
Pyrenoppeziza<br />
brassicae,<br />
<strong>the</strong> caus se <strong>of</strong> light leeaf<br />
spot. Stud dies on <strong>the</strong> dispersal d <strong>of</strong> innoculum<br />
<strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
o<br />
fungal ppathogens<br />
in oilseed rape, , cereals andd<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r crops are currently y under invesstigation.<br />
‐ 52 2 ‐
Moonitoringg<br />
after <strong>the</strong> t introoduction<br />
agaainst<br />
Leeptosphae<br />
eria macculans<br />
prooduction<br />
area.<br />
Xavvier<br />
Pinoch<br />
Lefl flon<br />
1<br />
CE<br />
2<br />
CE<br />
1 het<br />
& Em<br />
ETIOM, Cen<br />
ETIOM, Dom<br />
1 , Anne ette Penau<br />
mmanuelle Pic P<br />
ntre de Grig<br />
maine du gr<br />
1<br />
ud<br />
gnon, BP 4,<br />
rand Chaum<br />
1 , Gille es Sauzet<br />
788850 Th<br />
moy - 18570<br />
2 , Julien Caarpezat<br />
iverval Grig gnon, Franc<br />
0 Le Subdray y, France.<br />
1 , Martine M<br />
ce;<br />
Absstract:<br />
Recen<br />
resisstance<br />
to bla<br />
Rlmm7.<br />
Such var<br />
speccific<br />
monitor<br />
arouund<br />
100 km<br />
St F<br />
were<br />
over<br />
samp<br />
char<br />
crop<br />
2<br />
ntly new gen notypes <strong>of</strong> oiilseed<br />
rape were w introduc ced commerccially.<br />
Their excellent<br />
ackleg (Lept tosphaeria mmaculans)<br />
is mainly due to a new mmajor<br />
resistan nce gene<br />
rieties are potentially<br />
exxposed<br />
to a resistance break b down risk. We pr romote a<br />
ring in a prod duction area where <strong>the</strong> ri isk seems to be particularrly<br />
high. Thi is area <strong>of</strong><br />
2<br />
is located in <strong>the</strong> centraal<br />
region <strong>of</strong> f France betw ween <strong>the</strong> towwns<br />
<strong>of</strong> Issou udun and<br />
Florent sur CCher.<br />
In this area 20 to 330<br />
farmer’s fields f are observed<br />
each year. Rlm7 varieties<br />
e slightly inttroduced<br />
in 2004, 2 but werre<br />
widely de eveloped in th he followingg<br />
years. Obse ervations<br />
r <strong>the</strong> seasons<br />
include ag gronomic diaagnosis,<br />
asco ospore releases<br />
each auttumn,<br />
and le eaf spots<br />
mpling, both on Rlm7 an nd non Rlm77<br />
cultivars. From sampled<br />
leaves, ffungus<br />
isola ates were<br />
racterized foor<br />
virulence pr<strong>of</strong>iles. Thhis<br />
paper pre esents <strong>the</strong> main m results ffor<br />
seven su uccessive<br />
pping years aand<br />
associate ed progress inn<br />
detection methods. m<br />
‐ 53 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Po o‐12<br />
<strong>of</strong> a new<br />
speccific<br />
resistance<br />
in oilseed<br />
rappe<br />
in a pilot
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐113<br />
Methoods<br />
forr<br />
inves stigation <strong>of</strong> quantitati q ive ressistance<br />
to<br />
Leptossphaeria<br />
maculan ns (phomma<br />
stem<br />
(oilseeed<br />
rape)<br />
canker) ) in Bras assica nap pus<br />
Yongjuu<br />
Huang<br />
1<br />
Schoo<br />
UK<br />
2<br />
INRA,<br />
Rheu C<br />
3<br />
Sou<strong>the</strong><br />
1 , RRegine<br />
Delo ourme<br />
l <strong>of</strong> Life Sciiences,<br />
Univ<br />
Agrocamppus<br />
Ouest, U<br />
Cedex, Francce<br />
ern Cross UUniversity,<br />
L<br />
2 , Grraham<br />
J Ki ing<br />
versity <strong>of</strong> HHertfordshire<br />
Université RRennes<br />
1, UM<br />
Lismore, NSSW<br />
2480, A<br />
3 & Bruce<br />
DL Fitt<br />
e, College L<br />
MR118 APB<br />
ustralia<br />
1<br />
Lane, Hatfieeld,<br />
AL10 9A AB,<br />
BV, BP 353227,<br />
35653 Le L<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Phoma sttem<br />
canker, caused c by Leeptosphaeria<br />
a maculans, is <strong>the</strong> major r disease prob blem<br />
on oilseeed<br />
rape (B. napus) in Europe, currrently<br />
causi ing UK ann nual losses wworth<br />
more than<br />
£100M, despite use <strong>of</strong> fungicide es. Fur<strong>the</strong>rmoore,<br />
it is pre edicted that global g warmiing<br />
will continue<br />
to increaase<br />
<strong>the</strong> rangee<br />
and severity y <strong>of</strong> UK phooma<br />
stem can nker epidemi ics. Host ressistance<br />
has been<br />
<strong>the</strong> mostt<br />
economicaal<br />
and effective<br />
method ffor<br />
control <strong>of</strong><br />
this disease e. Two typess<br />
<strong>of</strong> resistance<br />
to<br />
L. macuulans<br />
have bbeen<br />
identified<br />
in B. nappus;<br />
major resistance r (R R) gene meddiated<br />
qualit tative<br />
resistancce<br />
and minorr<br />
gene media ated quantitattive<br />
resistanc ce. Quantitat tive resistancce<br />
to L. macu ulans<br />
is race nnon-specific<br />
aand<br />
is thought<br />
to be duraable.<br />
Howeve er, it is diffic cult to investtigate<br />
this typ pe <strong>of</strong><br />
resistancce<br />
due to a long<br />
period <strong>of</strong> o symptomless<br />
growth <strong>of</strong> o L. macula ans from <strong>the</strong> leaf lesion along a<br />
<strong>the</strong> leaf petiole and into stem ti issues to cauuse<br />
stem can nker. Two do oubled haplooid<br />
(DH) oil lseed<br />
rape linees<br />
were usedd;<br />
A30 is ve ery susceptibble<br />
and C119<br />
has good quantitativee<br />
resistance. Two<br />
types <strong>of</strong> f inoculum (cconidia<br />
and ascospores), a two inoculat tion methods s (leaf inocullation<br />
and pe etiole<br />
inoculattion)<br />
and ddifferent<br />
ass sessment mmethods<br />
(assess<br />
disease e visible ssymptoms;<br />
trace<br />
symptommless<br />
pathoggen<br />
growth using u reporteer<br />
gene, such h as GFP; qu uantify pathoogen<br />
DNA) were<br />
used to study <strong>the</strong> deevelopment<br />
<strong>of</strong> o stem cankker<br />
in contro olled conditio ons. In contrrolled<br />
condit tions,<br />
for stemm<br />
canker deveelopment<br />
asc cospores werre<br />
more effec ctive than conidia,<br />
and peetiole<br />
inoculation<br />
was morre<br />
effective than leaf lam mina inoculaation.<br />
Signifi ficant differences<br />
were oobserved<br />
betw ween<br />
A30 andd<br />
C119 in terms<br />
<strong>of</strong> visible<br />
disease sccore,<br />
<strong>the</strong> rate e <strong>of</strong> growth <strong>of</strong> GFP labeelled<br />
L. macu ulans<br />
and amoount<br />
<strong>of</strong> L. maaculans<br />
DNA A.<br />
‐ 54 4 ‐
Stuudies<br />
on <strong>the</strong> Impr rovemennt<br />
<strong>of</strong> Win nter Oilse eed Rapee<br />
Resista ance to<br />
Verrticilliumm<br />
longispo orum<br />
Jesssica<br />
Knüfeer<br />
Anddreas<br />
von T<br />
1)<br />
Division<br />
<strong>of</strong> P<br />
Geoorg-August-<br />
2)<br />
MMolecular<br />
Ph<br />
Geoorg-August-<br />
3)<br />
IInstitute<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Grissebachstr.<br />
8<br />
1) , Petr Karlovsky<br />
Tiedemann n<br />
Plant Pathol<br />
-University<br />
hytopatholo<br />
-University<br />
f Microbio<br />
8<br />
1)<br />
y<br />
logy and Cr<br />
Goettingen,<br />
ogy and Myc<br />
Goettingen,<br />
ology and<br />
2) , Michael<br />
Hopper rt<br />
rop Protecti ion, Departm<br />
, Grisebach hstr. 6<br />
cotoxin Res search, Dep<br />
, Grisebach hstr. 6<br />
d Genetics, , Georg-A<br />
3) , Birgerr<br />
Koopma ann<br />
ment <strong>of</strong> Croop<br />
Sciences,<br />
artment <strong>of</strong> CCrop<br />
Scien<br />
ugust-Univversity<br />
Goe<br />
1) &<br />
,<br />
ces,<br />
ettingen,<br />
Absstract:<br />
The soilborne fungal f pathoogen<br />
Vertici illium longis sporum (VLL)<br />
causes premature p<br />
ripenning<br />
on oilsseed<br />
rape an nd can lead to yield dam mage under favorable coonditions.<br />
Melanized M<br />
restiing<br />
structurees<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> path hogen, microosclerotia,<br />
ca an persist for<br />
several yeaars<br />
and can <strong>the</strong>refore<br />
causse<br />
a long-terrm<br />
contamin nation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>e<br />
soil. Since e <strong>the</strong>re are no n effective fungicides available, a<br />
breeeding<br />
for resiistance<br />
is on ne <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mosst<br />
efficient measures m to control c <strong>the</strong> ddisease.<br />
Conv ventional<br />
screening<br />
<strong>of</strong> fieeld-grown<br />
winter w oilseed<br />
rape (WO OSR) for ev valuation <strong>of</strong> resistance to t VL is<br />
perfformed<br />
by visual<br />
detectio on <strong>of</strong> microscclerotia<br />
in OSR<br />
stubbles. Although thhis<br />
method allows a for<br />
a roough<br />
estimaate<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> infestation i llevel,<br />
a late e detection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pathhogen<br />
togeth her with<br />
interrference<br />
by t<strong>the</strong><br />
plants' rip pening stage limits <strong>the</strong> ap pplicability <strong>of</strong> o <strong>the</strong> methodd.<br />
Here, we report r on<br />
<strong>the</strong> ddevelopmentt<br />
<strong>of</strong> a quantit tative real-timme<br />
PCR met thod to detec ct and quantiify<br />
VL in fiel ld-grown<br />
OSRR.<br />
Two primmer<br />
pairs targ geting distinnct<br />
gene loci i in V. longi isporum werre<br />
evaluated for <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
speccificity<br />
and sensitivity in i detection <strong>of</strong> VL DN NA. The prim mers targetinng<br />
<strong>the</strong> ITS (Internal<br />
transscribed<br />
spaccer)<br />
region sh howed high sensitivity and<br />
were specific<br />
for Verrticillium<br />
spe ecies, but<br />
not for VL isolates.<br />
Primer rs targeting t<strong>the</strong><br />
beta-tubu ulin-region were w consideerable<br />
less sensitive, s<br />
whille<br />
showing hhigh<br />
specifici ity for most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tested d VL isolates.<br />
Applicationn<br />
<strong>of</strong> ITS-based<br />
qPCR<br />
permmitted<br />
detecttion<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pathogen p beefore<br />
sympto om expressio on in stems <strong>of</strong> four fiel ld grown<br />
WOOSR<br />
cultivarrs<br />
with var rying susceeptibility<br />
in <strong>the</strong> season<br />
2008/09. The fungal<br />
DNA<br />
conccentrations<br />
in<br />
<strong>the</strong> four cultivars c corrrelated<br />
with <strong>the</strong> stubble and greenhoouse<br />
screeni ing when<br />
grouuped<br />
into reesistance<br />
cla asses. This method pro ovides a too ol for classiification<br />
<strong>of</strong> resistant<br />
genootypes<br />
for inntegration<br />
in n breeding o<strong>of</strong><br />
VL resist tant elite cultivars.<br />
Furthhermore,<br />
we e studied<br />
ultraastructural<br />
changes<br />
in th he hypocotyyl<br />
<strong>of</strong> B. nap pus after infe ection with VL by tran nsmission<br />
electron<br />
microscopy.<br />
Upon n infection, ultrastructur ral changes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vasccular<br />
tissue, such as<br />
formmation<br />
<strong>of</strong> occclusions<br />
an nd secondaryy<br />
cell wall covering oc ccurred in bboth<br />
suscept tible and<br />
resisstant<br />
plants. This sugges sts that resisstance<br />
is rat <strong>the</strong>r based on<br />
quantitativve<br />
difference es in <strong>the</strong><br />
vasccular<br />
tissue.<br />
‐ 55 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Po o‐14
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐115<br />
Respoonse<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilseed<br />
ra ape (Brasssica<br />
napu us L.) to combineed<br />
effects s <strong>of</strong><br />
drougght<br />
stresss<br />
and Ver rticillium longispo orum infe estation<br />
Daniel Lopisso, Jeessica<br />
Knüfer<br />
& Andrreas<br />
von Ti iedemann<br />
Georg-AAugust-Uniiversity<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, G DDepartment<br />
t <strong>of</strong> Crop Sciences, S Diivision<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant P<br />
Patholoogy<br />
and Croop<br />
Protectio on; Grisebaachstr<br />
6, D 37077 3 Götti ingen, Germmany<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The host specific fung gus Verticilliium<br />
longispo orum (VL) is s becoming a serious thre eat to<br />
oilseed rrape<br />
(OSR) production particularly p in Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Europe. It causes c premmature<br />
senesc cence<br />
and ripeening<br />
which finally resu ults in severee<br />
yield losse es. Very lim mited optionss<br />
are availab ble to<br />
control this diseasee<br />
and studies<br />
suggest thhat<br />
plant resistance<br />
rem mains <strong>the</strong> prreferred<br />
strategy.<br />
Howeveer,<br />
<strong>the</strong> negattive<br />
consequ uence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>e<br />
recently discovered<br />
re esistance meechanism<br />
(hi igher<br />
accumullation<br />
<strong>of</strong> vasscular<br />
occlusions<br />
in hyppocotyl<br />
tissu ue) on move ement <strong>of</strong> waater<br />
and esse ential<br />
nutrientss<br />
in <strong>the</strong> plaant<br />
system which w may ultimately affect a <strong>the</strong> qu uality and qquantity<br />
<strong>of</strong> yield<br />
particulaarly<br />
during ddrought<br />
seasons<br />
is not knnown.<br />
Besid des this, <strong>the</strong> occurrence o o<strong>of</strong><br />
drought du ue to<br />
<strong>the</strong> channging<br />
global climate is al lso emergingg<br />
as <strong>the</strong> most<br />
important production p cconstraint<br />
even<br />
in<br />
temperatte<br />
regions <strong>of</strong>f<br />
<strong>the</strong> world. The aims <strong>of</strong>f<br />
<strong>the</strong> present study were to identify pphysiological<br />
l and<br />
morphollogical<br />
charaacteristics<br />
that<br />
are affecteed<br />
by water-deficit<br />
and VL V stress faactors,<br />
to find d out<br />
<strong>the</strong> relattionship<br />
betwween<br />
level <strong>of</strong> f disease toleerance<br />
and changes c in morpho-physi<br />
m iological fea atures<br />
and to pprove<br />
wea<strong>the</strong>er<br />
VL resistance<br />
is stablee<br />
under cond ditions where e <strong>the</strong>re is droought<br />
stress (DS). (<br />
The studdy<br />
was condducted<br />
under greenhouse condition an nd consisted <strong>of</strong> three facctors:<br />
disease e, DS<br />
and gennotype.<br />
Diseease<br />
index, agronomic a aand<br />
yield pa arameters were w assessedd<br />
using stan ndard<br />
methodss.<br />
WALZ poortable<br />
phot tosyn<strong>the</strong>sis ssystem<br />
was used to mo onitor stomaatal<br />
conducta ance,<br />
photosynn<strong>the</strong>sis<br />
and transpiration n rates. Leaaf<br />
proline co ontent and fungal f biomaass<br />
in hypocotyl<br />
tissue wwere<br />
determinned<br />
by spectr rophotometeer<br />
and qPCR R respectively y. Our resultt<br />
showed tha at VL<br />
caused ssevere<br />
disease<br />
severity and a reductioon<br />
<strong>of</strong> biologi ical yield (up p to 36%) inn<br />
<strong>the</strong> suscep ptible<br />
cultivar. . Moreover, we observe ed that DS has signific cant effect on o most agrronomic<br />
& yield y<br />
parameters<br />
and funggal<br />
growth. DS D also sligghtly<br />
induced d proline acc cumulation iin<br />
both culti ivars.<br />
Howeveer,<br />
addition o<strong>of</strong><br />
drought factor f in inoculated<br />
plan nts did not significantly<br />
affected disease,<br />
physioloogical<br />
and yield<br />
paramete ers indicatingg<br />
that previously<br />
mention ned resistancce<br />
mechanism ms <strong>of</strong><br />
OSR gennotype<br />
did nnot<br />
interfere with transloocation<br />
<strong>of</strong> wa ater and nutr rients. In adddition<br />
to this s, <strong>the</strong><br />
results fr from <strong>the</strong> pressent<br />
study provided<br />
evideence<br />
that VL L resistance <strong>of</strong> o OSR genootypes<br />
agains st VL<br />
is stablee<br />
even undeer<br />
conditions s where <strong>the</strong>rre<br />
is DS. Never<strong>the</strong>less,<br />
N<br />
we still reccommend<br />
fu ur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
investigaation<br />
<strong>of</strong> addiitional<br />
yield, , physiologiccal<br />
and mole ecular charac cteristics thatt<br />
may be affe ected<br />
by <strong>the</strong>see<br />
stress factoors.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>rm more, fur<strong>the</strong>rr<br />
studies foc cusing on id dentification <strong>of</strong> genetical l and<br />
histological<br />
changess<br />
responsible e for VL ressistance<br />
and d/or tolerance e needs to bbe<br />
explored. The<br />
knowleddge<br />
obtainedd<br />
from such h studies wiill<br />
provide valuable v info ormation forr<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r stu udies<br />
aiming at developmment<br />
<strong>of</strong> OSR R cultivars tthat<br />
withstan nd <strong>the</strong> effec cts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vaascular<br />
path hogen<br />
Verticilllium<br />
longispoorum.<br />
‐ 56 6 ‐
Tenn<br />
years eexperienc<br />
ce with thhe<br />
clubroot<br />
resist tant cultiivar<br />
‘Me endel’:<br />
Perrformancce<br />
and Pe erspectivves<br />
Elkke<br />
Diederichhsen<br />
1<br />
Freeie<br />
Univers<br />
2<br />
Norddeutsche<br />
1 & Ma artin Fraue<br />
ität Berlin, 14195 Berllin,<br />
German ny<br />
Pflanzenzu ucht H.G. Leembke<br />
KG, Hohenlieth,<br />
24383 Holtsee,<br />
Germ many<br />
en 2<br />
Absstract:<br />
The cclubroot<br />
resistant<br />
oilseedd<br />
rape cultiva ar ‚Mendel’ has been relleased<br />
in 2001<br />
to <strong>the</strong><br />
Euroopean<br />
seed mmarket.<br />
Since e its introducction<br />
‘Mende el’ has an av verage markeet<br />
share <strong>of</strong> 1 to 2% in<br />
Euroopean<br />
winteer<br />
oilseed ra ape seed salees.<br />
It is pre eferably used d in croppinng<br />
areas tha at have a<br />
signnificant<br />
clubrroot<br />
risk, such<br />
as <strong>the</strong> easttern<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> Schleswig-H Holstein, wheere<br />
its marke et share is<br />
estimmated<br />
to exceed<br />
15%.<br />
‘Meendel’<br />
is a hyybrid<br />
cultiva ar which has been bred using u a resyn n<strong>the</strong>sised Braassica<br />
napus s form as<br />
resisstance<br />
donorr.<br />
The resyn n<strong>the</strong>sised forrm<br />
originated d from a cro oss betweenn<br />
a clubroot resistant<br />
curlyy<br />
kale (B. olleracea)<br />
and a clubroot rresistant<br />
stub bble turnip ( B. rapa), andd<br />
had been shown s to<br />
posssess<br />
a broadd<br />
spectrum resistance. r WWhile<br />
<strong>the</strong> st tubble turnip p parent is expected to o carry 3<br />
domminant<br />
resistaance<br />
genes, ‘Mendel’ haas<br />
been show wn to have at least one dominant resistance<br />
genee.<br />
The clubroot ressistance<br />
<strong>of</strong> ‘M Mendel’ is accting<br />
in a rac ce-specific manner m and ccompatible<br />
ra aces have<br />
beenn<br />
present alrready<br />
before its introducction,<br />
howev ver, <strong>the</strong> frequ uency <strong>of</strong> commpatible<br />
iso olates has<br />
beenn<br />
low. Monitoring<br />
for co ompatible raaces<br />
by <strong>the</strong> breeders b has focused on farmer reports<br />
about<br />
clubbroot<br />
in ‘Meendel’<br />
crops s and <strong>the</strong> cconfirmation<br />
n <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> com mpatibility o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> local l race in<br />
greeenhouse<br />
assaays.<br />
In man ny cases <strong>the</strong>e<br />
local race e could be classified as still incom mpatible.<br />
Commpatible<br />
racees<br />
occurred more m frequennt<br />
in certain areas such as a <strong>the</strong> north-eeast<br />
<strong>of</strong> Meck klenburg-<br />
Vorppommern<br />
orr<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> We estphalia. So far <strong>the</strong>re is no indication n for a close e relation between<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
freqquency<br />
<strong>of</strong> ‘MMendel’<br />
within n <strong>the</strong> rotationn<br />
and <strong>the</strong> fre equency <strong>of</strong> co ompatible isoolates.<br />
‘Meendel’<br />
has a yield poten ntial which iis<br />
comparab ble to o<strong>the</strong>r hybrid cultiivars<br />
from <strong>the</strong> t same<br />
breeeding<br />
period.<br />
Breeding efforts e shoulld<br />
lead to th he release <strong>of</strong> f new clubrooot<br />
resistant cultivars<br />
whicch<br />
are compparable<br />
in yie eld to recentt<br />
cultivars an nd have a br roader resistaance<br />
spectru um in <strong>the</strong><br />
nearr<br />
future.<br />
‐ 57 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Po o‐16
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Po‐117<br />
Viruleence<br />
annaylsis<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Plasmmodiophor<br />
ra brass sicae derrived<br />
fr rom<br />
differrent<br />
locaations<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maain<br />
Euro opean oil lseed rappe<br />
grow wing<br />
regionns<br />
Wolfgaang<br />
Lüderss<br />
1 , Stefan Abel A<br />
2 , Wolfggang<br />
Friedt<br />
3 , Doris Kopahnke K<br />
4 & Frank<br />
Ordon 4<br />
1<br />
Limag<br />
2<br />
Limag<br />
3<br />
Justus<br />
4<br />
JKI-F<br />
grain GmbHH;<br />
31234 Ed demissen; GGermany;<br />
grain GmbHH;<br />
31226 Pe eine-Rosenth thal; Germa any<br />
s Liebig Uniiversity;<br />
De epartment <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Plant Bree eding; 3539 92 Giessen; Germany<br />
Federal Reseearch<br />
Centr re for Cultivvated<br />
Plants s; Institute <strong>of</strong> o Resistancce<br />
Research h<br />
and Streess<br />
Tolerannce;<br />
06484 Quedlinburg<br />
Q rg;Germany y<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Clubroot caused by <strong>the</strong> obligatee<br />
biotrophic c protist Plasmodiophoraa<br />
brassicae is a<br />
serious soil-borne ddisease<br />
<strong>of</strong> cruciferous c ccrops.<br />
It cau uses galls to<br />
form on roots leadin ng to<br />
prematuure<br />
death <strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
plant. The e organism rremains<br />
in th he soil as rest ting spores wwhich<br />
can sur rvive<br />
for up too<br />
20 years. TTherefore,<br />
<strong>the</strong>re<br />
are no ecconomically<br />
reasonable control c meassures<br />
once a field<br />
has beenn<br />
infected. TThe<br />
hot spots <strong>of</strong> clubroot infestation in i Europe are e mainly loccated<br />
in Scotland,<br />
Englandd,<br />
France annd<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Germany. CCurrently,<br />
du ue to <strong>the</strong> rai ise <strong>of</strong> oilseeed<br />
rape crop pping<br />
within thhe<br />
last decaddes<br />
<strong>the</strong> numb ber <strong>of</strong> contamminated<br />
field ds detected all a over Euroope<br />
is increa asing.<br />
There aare<br />
numerous<br />
population ns and racess,<br />
respective ely, <strong>of</strong> P. br rassicae witth<br />
difference es in<br />
pathogennicity<br />
causinng<br />
different symptoms s onn<br />
<strong>the</strong> host pla ant. For this reason resist stance breeding<br />
is<br />
difficultt.<br />
To get mmore<br />
detaileed<br />
informatio on on <strong>the</strong> occurrence<br />
an nd <strong>the</strong> virule ence <strong>of</strong> P. bbrassicae<br />
an nd its<br />
implicattions<br />
for agrricultural<br />
pr roduction, saamples<br />
<strong>of</strong> in nfected plan nt material wwere<br />
taken from<br />
locations<br />
all over thhe<br />
main oilseed<br />
rape ggrowing<br />
regions<br />
in Euro ope. Currentl tly <strong>the</strong> collection<br />
containss<br />
samples froom<br />
<strong>the</strong> Unite ed Kingdomm,<br />
France, De enmark, Pola and, <strong>the</strong> Czeech<br />
Republic c and<br />
mainly from numerous<br />
locatio ons in Germmany.<br />
These e samples are a actually analyzed under u<br />
greenhouuse<br />
conditioons<br />
by using g artificial innoculation<br />
an nd performin ng optical raatings<br />
<strong>of</strong> dis sease<br />
symptomms.<br />
The Euroopean<br />
Clubroot<br />
Differenntial<br />
Set (ECD)<br />
consistin ng <strong>of</strong> 15 genootypes<br />
which h are<br />
subdividded<br />
into 5 linnes<br />
each from m 3 differentt<br />
species i.e. Brassica rap pa, B. napuss<br />
and B. oler racea<br />
and <strong>the</strong>e<br />
INRA diffferential<br />
set (Hôte diffe ferentiel de l’INRA) co omposed <strong>of</strong> three B. napus n<br />
genotypes,<br />
i.e. ´Neviin´,<br />
´Brutor´ and ´Wilhellmsburger´,<br />
are a used for <strong>the</strong>se t tests reespectively.<br />
First ressults<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>sse<br />
analyses give hint, thhat<br />
different t pathotypes are present t in Europe. The<br />
benefit <strong>of</strong> this geoggraphic<br />
mon nitoring will be on <strong>the</strong> one o hand ge eneral informmation<br />
abou ut <strong>the</strong><br />
dimensioon<br />
<strong>of</strong> clubroot<br />
disease in Europe and on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand <strong>the</strong> appearrance<br />
<strong>of</strong> spe ecific<br />
pathotyppes.<br />
This is a prerequisit te for an effi ficient breedi ing for resist tance as up to now only y one<br />
race specific<br />
resistannce<br />
is incorpo orated in adaapted<br />
cultiva ars.<br />
‐ 58 8 ‐
Entommology<br />
‐ Post ter Preesentat<br />
tions<br />
‐ 59 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐001<br />
PC deemonstraation<br />
<strong>of</strong> proPlantt<br />
expert: : A decis sion-suppport<br />
syst tem<br />
for peest<br />
and diisease<br />
ma anagemeent<br />
in oils seed rape e<br />
Andreaas<br />
Johnen, Thomas Volk<br />
& Juliaa-Sophie<br />
vo on Richth<strong>of</strong>en<br />
proPlannt<br />
GmbH, AAlbrecht-Tha<br />
aer-Strasse 34, 48147 Muenster M<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The commputer-based<br />
d proPlant eexpert.<br />
crop p protection consultatioon<br />
systems <strong>of</strong>fer<br />
assistancce<br />
in makinng<br />
decisions on many pproblems<br />
in winter rapeseed.<br />
In auttumn<br />
<strong>the</strong> sy ystem<br />
covers ccontrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> caabbage<br />
stem m flea beetlee<br />
and Phoma a leaf spot (Phoma ( linggam)<br />
and growth<br />
regulatoor<br />
use. In sprring<br />
it is possible<br />
to optimmise<br />
insectic cide applicat tions with thhe<br />
aid <strong>of</strong> proP Plant<br />
expert. WWith<br />
only feew<br />
treatment ts a maximuum<br />
efficacy can be reach hed against rrape<br />
stem weevil w<br />
and cabbbage<br />
stem weevil,<br />
pollen beetle, cabbbage<br />
seed we eevil and pod d midge.<br />
The prooPlant<br />
experrt.porfolio<br />
co ontains a rannge<br />
<strong>of</strong> prod ducts and services<br />
meeti ting <strong>the</strong> diff ferent<br />
requiremments<strong>of</strong><br />
farmmers,<br />
adviso ors, experimeentation<br />
stat tions,schools s, colleges aand<br />
universities:<br />
Commerrcial<br />
farmerrs,<br />
advisers and experiimental<br />
stati ions use <strong>the</strong><br />
desktop vversion<br />
proP Plant<br />
expert.cclassic.<br />
Thhe<br />
s<strong>of</strong>tware e <strong>of</strong>fers a maximu um function n range: The “regional<br />
consultaation”includees<br />
comprehen nsive graphiccs<br />
for planning<br />
<strong>the</strong> runnin ng crop prote tection season n but<br />
also forr<br />
final overvview<br />
(e.g. <strong>of</strong> o field trialls)<br />
by analy ysis <strong>of</strong> weath her data reggarding<br />
infection<br />
probabillities<br />
<strong>of</strong> Phooma<br />
leaf sp pot, conditioons<br />
for migr ration and egg e depositiion<br />
<strong>of</strong> pests and<br />
conditioons<br />
for <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> growth rregulators.ex<br />
xpert.classic also <strong>of</strong>fers a “plot-spe ecific<br />
consultaation”<br />
to evaaluate<br />
<strong>the</strong> tre eatment needd<br />
(depending g on wea<strong>the</strong>r r analysis annd<br />
field data,<br />
e.g.<br />
variety, growth stagge,<br />
last trea atment, infesstation)<br />
incl luding an unbiased u recoommendatio<br />
on <strong>of</strong><br />
suitable chemicals aand<br />
applicati ion rates. In addition exp pert.classic contains c infoormation<br />
sys stems<br />
on varieeties<br />
(rating <strong>of</strong> lodging risk and sussceptibility<br />
to t Phoma leaf<br />
spot) andd<br />
chemicals (e.g.<br />
evaluatioon<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dirrect<br />
and continuing<br />
effectt<br />
<strong>of</strong> insecticides).<br />
expert.com<br />
is <strong>the</strong> ppersonal<br />
proP Plant<br />
consultinng<br />
system oon<br />
<strong>the</strong> internet.<br />
Two verssions<br />
are available:<br />
The farmers’ veersion<br />
focuse es on<br />
plot-specific<br />
treatmment<br />
decision ns, providess<br />
a selectio on <strong>of</strong> chem micals that are suitable e for<br />
applicatiion<br />
and commputes<br />
optimu um dates andd<br />
rates for an n application n to ensure opptimum<br />
effic cacy.<br />
The advvisers’<br />
versioon<br />
provides plot-specific p treatment decisions<br />
and d a regional cconsultation<br />
with<br />
personallised<br />
warningg<br />
service ima ages and expport<br />
for use <strong>of</strong> o images in facsimiles orr<br />
e-mails.<br />
The prooPlant<br />
products<br />
expert.b basic and exxpert.map<br />
ar re online wa arning servicces<br />
without field<br />
relation including pproPlant<br />
pro ognoses derrived<br />
from <strong>the</strong> analyses s <strong>of</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>er<br />
data. Bey yond<br />
Germanyy<br />
where muultifarious<br />
plant p protecttion<br />
service es are provi ided toge<strong>the</strong>er<br />
with diff ferent<br />
partners,<br />
proPlant paartners<br />
also <strong>of</strong>fer warninng<br />
services in<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r Euro opean countrries<br />
since several<br />
years.<br />
The PC demonstratioon<br />
will also include i <strong>the</strong> nnewest<br />
progr ram versions and developpments.<br />
‐ 60 0 ‐
Efffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> ddifferent<br />
managemment<br />
syst tems on pest p infesstation<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
OSR<br />
in CCroatia,<br />
German ny and Seerbia<br />
Wolfgang<br />
Büüchs<br />
(Brau unschweig) ), Tanja Gotlin-Culj G jak (Zagrreb),<br />
Ivan Sivcev<br />
(Zemun),<br />
Sabbine<br />
Presch her (Braunschweig),<br />
Ivan Jur ran (Zagreeb),<br />
Lazar Sivcev<br />
(Zemun),<br />
Dragga<br />
Graora (Zemun) & Dinka Gr rubisic (Za agreb)<br />
Juliius<br />
Kühn-Innstitut<br />
(JKI) ), Federal RResearch<br />
Centre C for Cultivated Plants, Ins stitute <strong>of</strong><br />
Crop op and Soil SScience,<br />
Bu undesallee 550,<br />
D-38116 6 Braunschw weig<br />
Absstract:<br />
Whilee<br />
Germany is<br />
on <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> llargest<br />
produ ucer <strong>of</strong> OSR in Europe ( 1.6 million ha), h OSR<br />
prodduction<br />
is <strong>of</strong> f increasing importance i iin<br />
Western Balkan B Coun ntries (WBC´ ´s) where 20 0% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
areaa<br />
cultivated wwith<br />
arable cr rops is suitabble<br />
for OSR production. Problems P <strong>of</strong> f OSR growin ng are N-<br />
overrfertilization,<br />
intensive tillage t and thhe<br />
use <strong>of</strong> py yrethroids an nd phosphorric<br />
acids due e to pest<br />
resisstance.<br />
Envirronmentally<br />
friendly prodduction<br />
tech hniques are demanded.<br />
Thhis<br />
EU-proje ect (SEE-<br />
ERAA-NET.PLUSS)<br />
targets on o <strong>the</strong> withiin-field<br />
biod diversity. Be esides classiical<br />
aspects (species<br />
richnness/compossition)<br />
this project commprises<br />
func ctional aspec cts like bioocontrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> pests by<br />
preddators<br />
(Carabbidae,<br />
Staph hylinidae, Arraneae),<br />
and d turnover <strong>of</strong> f plant residdues<br />
by deco omposers<br />
(eartthworms).<br />
IIn<br />
Croatia and a Serbia rresearch<br />
on OSR is rec cently focussed<br />
on gene eral crop<br />
prodduction<br />
and pest contro ol. Nothing is known about a within-field<br />
biodivversity<br />
<strong>of</strong> fu unctional<br />
grouups<br />
like epiggaeic<br />
predato ors and decommposers.<br />
Or rganic OSR production p iis<br />
introduced d <strong>the</strong> first<br />
timee<br />
to Croatia aand<br />
Serbia th hrough this pproject.<br />
In a 2-year fieldd<br />
experiment t in each couuntry<br />
<strong>the</strong> imp pact <strong>of</strong> three e differently managed OS SR fields<br />
(connventional,<br />
aadvanced<br />
int tegrated, orgganic)<br />
on pe ests and on <strong>the</strong> biodiveersity<br />
and fitness f <strong>of</strong><br />
preddators<br />
and deecomposers<br />
are a investigaated.<br />
The sys stems differ in tillage, feertilizer<br />
and pesticide<br />
inpuut,<br />
weed conntrol,<br />
row sp pace and appplication<br />
<strong>of</strong> Brassica campestris-trapp-crop-strips<br />
s and are<br />
integgrated<br />
in a crop rotation n with winteer<br />
wheat. Th he fields are e covered byy<br />
a grid <strong>of</strong> sampling<br />
poinnts<br />
using diffferent<br />
methods<br />
to assess ppredators<br />
(pi itfall traps, endogaeic<br />
pittfall<br />
traps, em mergence<br />
trapss),<br />
decomposers<br />
(soil sam mples) and ppests<br />
(bud/po od/stem samp ples). The exxperimental<br />
work w will<br />
consstitute<br />
a demmonstration<br />
<strong>of</strong> o possible eecological<br />
ap pproaches in n OSR produuction<br />
and thus, t will<br />
givee<br />
impulses toowards<br />
resea arch activities<br />
which focu us more on aspects a <strong>of</strong> fuunctional<br />
bio odiversity<br />
espeecially<br />
in WBBC´s.<br />
The pr roject startedd<br />
in October 2010. First results r on peest<br />
infestation n are will<br />
be ppresented<br />
herre.<br />
In auutumn<br />
seriouus<br />
pest attack ks were onlyy<br />
recorded by y Athalia ros sae in Serbiaa<br />
in October 2010. In<br />
Serbbia<br />
organic OSR recove ered after seevere<br />
A. ros sae-infestatio on. Ceutorhy hynchus napi<br />
and C.<br />
palliidactylus,<br />
which<br />
immigr rate into OSRR-fields<br />
in Germany G in spring, occuurred<br />
in Croa atian and<br />
Serbbian<br />
OSR-fieelds<br />
already y in Novembber.<br />
In all countries c trap<br />
crop stripps<br />
(in integr rated and<br />
orgaanic)<br />
with PPerko<br />
(Brassica<br />
campestr tris x B. pek kinensis) con ntributed to pull pests from <strong>the</strong><br />
oilseeed<br />
rape fielld<br />
stand, but t its effect iss<br />
limited if <strong>the</strong> t pressure <strong>of</strong> pest inseccts<br />
exceeds a certain<br />
leveel<br />
and if <strong>the</strong>ree<br />
is no option n to conduct an insecticid de application.<br />
Thus, its ffunction<br />
is optimal<br />
in<br />
commbination<br />
witth<br />
integrated d crop manaagement.<br />
Nev ver<strong>the</strong>less, in n Serbia orgganic<br />
OSR showed s a<br />
greaat<br />
potential to recover r regardless <strong>of</strong> an ext treme level <strong>of</strong> pest aattack,<br />
espec cially <strong>of</strong><br />
Ceuutorhynchus-sstem<br />
weevils s.<br />
In tootal,<br />
<strong>the</strong> first results indic cate that desppite<br />
climatic differences in <strong>the</strong> 3 counntries,<br />
<strong>the</strong> soil<br />
quality<br />
and conditions aas<br />
well as <strong>the</strong> e surrounding ngs <strong>of</strong> OSR fields fi are key y factors to ddetermine<br />
<strong>the</strong> e level <strong>of</strong><br />
pest t attack.<br />
‐ 61 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐02
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐003<br />
Use <strong>of</strong><br />
Plant ddefence-in<br />
nducing chemical ls in ‘pus sh-pull’ ppest<br />
cont trol<br />
strateegies<br />
in oiilseed<br />
rap pe<br />
Mumunni<br />
Abudulaai<br />
1<br />
Plant & Invert<br />
Hertforrdshire,<br />
AL5<br />
M32, Accra,<br />
Ghan<br />
1,2 , Matth hew P. Skell<br />
tebrate Ecology<br />
Dep<br />
5 2JQ, UK K.<br />
a, West Afr<br />
2 lern<br />
CSIR-Sa<br />
ica<br />
1 , Nigel<br />
P. Watts<br />
partment,<br />
avanna Agr<br />
1<br />
& Sam M. . Cook<br />
Rothamsted d Research<br />
icultural Re esearch Ins<br />
1<br />
h, Harpen nden,<br />
stitute, PO Box<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The pushh-pull<br />
strateg gy deploys sstimuli<br />
from m plant comp pounds or seemiochemica<br />
als to<br />
deter or ‘push’ colonnising<br />
insect ts away fromm<br />
a harvestab ble crop and simultaneouusly<br />
attracts <strong>the</strong>m<br />
(‘pull’) to a sacrificcial<br />
or trap crop. c We innvestigated<br />
<strong>the</strong> t use <strong>of</strong> se emiochemicaals,<br />
namely plant p<br />
inducerss,<br />
and trap crropping<br />
in a push-pull peest<br />
control strategy<br />
for pollen p beetless<br />
in oilseed rape.<br />
Previouss<br />
work has sshown<br />
that application a o<strong>of</strong><br />
methyl jas smonate (Me eJa) to Brasssicas<br />
induces<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
productiion<br />
<strong>of</strong> indollyl<br />
glucosino olates (defennce<br />
compou unds which help protectt<br />
Brassicas from<br />
generalist<br />
herbivores)<br />
and that application a o<strong>of</strong><br />
salicylic acid a (SA) ind duces producction<br />
<strong>of</strong> alky yenyl<br />
glucosinnolates<br />
(<strong>the</strong>se<br />
defence compounds<br />
bbreak<br />
down upon plant damage to produce volatile<br />
isothiocyyanates<br />
whiich<br />
are high hly attractivee<br />
to Brassic ca specialist pests). Thee<br />
hypo<strong>the</strong>sis that<br />
applicatiion<br />
<strong>of</strong> MeJaa<br />
to an oilsee ed rape cropp<br />
would mak ke it less attr ractive to peests,<br />
in particular<br />
generalist<br />
pests (e.gg.<br />
<strong>the</strong> aphid Myzus persiicae),<br />
and th hat applicatio on <strong>of</strong> SA to o turnip rape e trap<br />
crops woould<br />
make thhem<br />
more att tractive, partticularly<br />
to th he specialist pests (e.g. ppollen<br />
beetles s and<br />
Brevicorryne<br />
brassiccae<br />
and Lip ipaphis eryssimi<br />
aphids) ), was teste ed in laborratory<br />
and field<br />
experimments.<br />
No ssignificant<br />
effect<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>e<br />
plant-induc cing chemicals<br />
was fouund<br />
on <strong>the</strong> host-<br />
selectionn<br />
behaviour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> test in nsects in labboratory<br />
experiments.<br />
However, H oilsseed<br />
rape tre eated<br />
with a raange<br />
<strong>of</strong> conccentrations<br />
<strong>of</strong> o MeJa was generally le ess attractive, , and turnip rape treated with<br />
SA was generally mmore<br />
attractiv ve, than contrrol<br />
plants as expected. In I field trialss,<br />
plots <strong>of</strong> oil lseed<br />
rape treaated<br />
with MMeJa<br />
and bordered<br />
with a turnip rape e trap crop treated t with SA was infe fested<br />
with fewwer<br />
beetles thhan<br />
control plots, p but duue<br />
to large va ariation, diff ferences werre<br />
not signifi icant.<br />
Experimments<br />
to furthher<br />
explore th hese trends aare<br />
necessary y.<br />
‐ 62 2 ‐
Are<br />
current<br />
monitoring<br />
metthods<br />
for pollen beetles b meeaningles<br />
ss?<br />
Matt<strong>the</strong>w<br />
P. Skkellern,<br />
Nig gel P. Wattts<br />
& Sam M. M Cook<br />
Plannt<br />
& Invvertebrate<br />
Ecology DDepartment<br />
t, Rotham msted Reseearch,<br />
Har rpenden,<br />
Herrtfordshire,<br />
AAL5<br />
2JQ, UK. U<br />
Absstract:<br />
The uuse<br />
<strong>of</strong> thresh holds to deteermine<br />
when n insecticide sprays are nnecessary<br />
is strongly<br />
encoouraged,<br />
esppecially<br />
in th he light pesst<br />
population ns developin ng insecticidde<br />
resistance e. Spray<br />
thressholds<br />
for pollen<br />
beetles s (Melige<strong>the</strong>ss<br />
aeneus) ar re given as an a average nu number <strong>of</strong> be eetles per<br />
plannt.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> UKK,<br />
for example,<br />
<strong>the</strong> threshhold<br />
is 15 be eetles per ma ain raceme wwhen<br />
<strong>the</strong> crop p is at <strong>the</strong><br />
dammage-susceptiible<br />
green-y yellow bud stage, or 5/plant<br />
for a backward crop. A gr rower or<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>fessional<br />
croop<br />
advisor wishing w to uuse<br />
spray thresholds<br />
can n derive <strong>the</strong>e<br />
average nu umber <strong>of</strong><br />
beettles<br />
per plannt<br />
as an estim mate <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ppopulation<br />
in<br />
a crop by ei<strong>the</strong>r moniitoring<br />
sever ral plants<br />
alonng<br />
<strong>the</strong> edge o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> crop nearest n <strong>the</strong> fiield<br />
gate or by b monitorin ng several pllants<br />
along a transect<br />
into <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> field, as is recommmended<br />
by <strong>the</strong> levy boa ard (HGCA) ). Both meth hods can<br />
leadd<br />
to inaccuraate<br />
population<br />
estimates given that pollen p beetles<br />
are unevennly<br />
distribute ed in <strong>the</strong><br />
fieldd<br />
and that thhey<br />
tend to infest <strong>the</strong> crrop<br />
from <strong>the</strong> e edge. The e population estimate de erived by<br />
monnitoring<br />
is thherefore<br />
high hly dependennt<br />
on where in <strong>the</strong> crop <strong>the</strong> monitori ring takes pla ace. We<br />
demmonstrated<br />
thhis<br />
during a public opeen<br />
day on Rothamsted R Farm and suggest that t current<br />
monnitoring<br />
methhods<br />
for determining<br />
poppulation<br />
estim mates for thre esholds are mmeaningless.<br />
‐ 63 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐04
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐005<br />
The eeffects<br />
o<strong>of</strong><br />
nitrog gen inpuut<br />
and flowering<br />
on poollen<br />
beetle<br />
infestation<br />
in t<strong>the</strong><br />
OREGIN<br />
demmonstrati<br />
ion trials s<br />
Sam MM.<br />
Cook, Suue<br />
J. Welha am, Andreww<br />
W. Fergu uson, Matt <strong>the</strong>w P. Skeellern,<br />
Nige el P.<br />
Watts & Jackie BBarker<br />
Rothammsted<br />
Researrch,<br />
Harpen nden, Hertss.,<br />
AL5 2JQ, , UK.<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The Oilseeed<br />
Rape Genetic<br />
Improovement<br />
Network<br />
projec ct (OREGINN)<br />
has assem mbled<br />
key gennetic<br />
resourcees<br />
to enable e researcherss<br />
and breede ers to explor re <strong>the</strong> relevaant<br />
gene-poo ol for<br />
enhanceed<br />
traits to iincorporate<br />
into i breedinng<br />
programm mes. This includes<br />
estabblishing<br />
dive ersity<br />
fixed fouundation<br />
setss<br />
for B. napu us (BnaDFFSS).<br />
The set <strong>of</strong> o founder lines<br />
within thhe<br />
BnaDFFS S was<br />
compiled<br />
to represent<br />
a structur red samplingg<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genetic<br />
diversity y across <strong>the</strong> global B. napus n<br />
genepoool,<br />
and to enccompass<br />
win nter and spriing<br />
OSR, sw wedes, and fo odder, foragee<br />
and salad kales. k<br />
OREGINN<br />
establisheed<br />
small-scal le demonstraation<br />
trials to ga<strong>the</strong>r ba aseline inforrmation<br />
on plant p<br />
performance<br />
and prroperties<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fixed liines.<br />
Asses ssments were<br />
made <strong>of</strong> ccomponent<br />
traits<br />
affectingg<br />
yield, harvvest<br />
index an nd nitrogen uutilisation<br />
eff ficiency (NU UE), and <strong>the</strong>iir<br />
impact on seed<br />
composiition<br />
in two years. In <strong>the</strong> t first yearr<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proj ject we asse essed flowerring<br />
duration n and<br />
pollen bbeetle<br />
(Meligge<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aeneus s) infestationn<br />
on <strong>the</strong> test lines. There<br />
was a widee<br />
variation in n <strong>the</strong><br />
start <strong>of</strong> fflowering<br />
beetween<br />
<strong>the</strong> li ines. In geneeral,<br />
pollen beetles b were most abunddant<br />
on <strong>the</strong> early- e<br />
flowerinng<br />
lines. Thhere<br />
was little<br />
effect <strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
two nitro ogen treatmen nts (low andd<br />
high) on pollen<br />
beetle innfestation.<br />
‐ 64 4 ‐
Ennsemble-bbased<br />
analysis<br />
<strong>of</strong> f regiona al climate e change effects on o <strong>the</strong><br />
podd<br />
midge (Dasineu ura brassiicae<br />
Win nn.) in oilseed<br />
rape<br />
Micchael<br />
Eickeermann,<br />
Jü ürgen Junk, k, Klaus Gö örgen, Lucie en H<strong>of</strong>fmannn<br />
& Marc co<br />
Beyyer<br />
Cenntre<br />
de Reecherche<br />
Pu ublic – Gaabriel<br />
Lipp pmann, Dé épartement Environnement<br />
et<br />
Agrro-biotechnoologies<br />
(EVA VA), 41, rue du Brill, L-4422<br />
Belva aux, Luxembbourg<br />
Absstract:<br />
The iimpact<br />
<strong>of</strong> projected<br />
reggional<br />
climat te change on n <strong>the</strong> migrat ation <strong>of</strong> bras ssica pod<br />
midgge<br />
(Dasineuura<br />
brassicae e Winn.) to crops <strong>of</strong> wi inter oilseed rape (Brasssica<br />
napus L.) L in <strong>the</strong><br />
Grannd<br />
Duchy <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Luxembou urg was evalluated<br />
for pa ast and futur re time spanns.<br />
A thresho old-based<br />
statiistical<br />
modell<br />
for <strong>the</strong> first occurrence and <strong>the</strong> main n migration <strong>of</strong> o D. brassiccae<br />
to rape crops c was<br />
takeen<br />
from <strong>the</strong> lliterature<br />
and d combined with selecte ed regional climate c chang nge projection ns <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
EU ENSEMBLEES<br />
project. An A ensemblee<br />
<strong>of</strong> six regi ional climate e change proojections<br />
was s used to<br />
quanntify<br />
<strong>the</strong> banndwidths<br />
<strong>of</strong> possible p chaange<br />
signals and also to assess <strong>the</strong> un uncertainty associated<br />
withh<br />
<strong>the</strong>se projeections.<br />
In comparison c tto<br />
<strong>the</strong> refere ence period (1961 until 1990), a si ignificant<br />
earliier<br />
onset <strong>of</strong> t<strong>the</strong><br />
first migr ration periodd<br />
between 4. 3 (near futur re, 2021 untiil<br />
2050) and 5.3 days<br />
(far future, 20699<br />
until 2098)<br />
per decadee<br />
was detect ted. Even th he possible tiime<br />
span <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> first<br />
migrration<br />
was pprolonged<br />
from f 20 dayys<br />
(near futu ure) up to 60 days (faar<br />
future). The T main<br />
migrration<br />
periodd<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pod midge to thhe<br />
field starte ed significan ntly earlier ( (5.0 days per r decade)<br />
undeer<br />
future climmate<br />
conditio ons. Additioonally,<br />
<strong>the</strong> tim me span <strong>of</strong> possible p migrration<br />
was prolonged p<br />
fromm<br />
9 days (neear<br />
future) up p to 13 dayss<br />
(far future) under proje ected future cclimate<br />
cond ditions in<br />
commparison<br />
to thhe<br />
reference period.<br />
‐ 65 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐06
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐007<br />
Popullation<br />
agge<br />
struct ture <strong>of</strong> t<strong>the</strong><br />
cabb bage aph hid infessting<br />
can nola<br />
plantss<br />
at Uppeer<br />
Egypt<br />
Mohammed<br />
A. A. AAbdel-Rah<br />
hman, Azzaa<br />
M. A. Awad,<br />
Assmaa a H. Mohammed<br />
& You ussif<br />
M. Ommar,<br />
Plant PProtection<br />
RResearch<br />
Institute, I A. .R.C., Egyp pt; Zoology y Departmeent,<br />
Facult ty <strong>of</strong><br />
Sciencee,<br />
Assiut UUniversity,<br />
Egypt annd<br />
Plant Protection P Departmennt,<br />
Faculty y <strong>of</strong><br />
Agricullture,<br />
Assiutt<br />
University y, Egypt<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The preseent<br />
studies were w carried out through hout <strong>the</strong> perio od from 20008-2009<br />
to 2009- 2<br />
2010 Thhe<br />
main objeectives<br />
were studying poopulation<br />
age e structure <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> cabbagge<br />
aphid infe esting<br />
canola inn<br />
Assiut, Uppper<br />
Egypt. Data D show thhat<br />
<strong>the</strong> migra ation <strong>of</strong> aphid d from <strong>the</strong> ooverwintering<br />
g site<br />
into cannola<br />
field occcurred<br />
after about 23 daays<br />
(nearly during d <strong>the</strong> third<br />
week <strong>of</strong> f December). The<br />
populatiion<br />
<strong>the</strong>n incrreased<br />
to bec come 10% o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> maxim mum number after 49 dayys<br />
(nearly du uring<br />
<strong>the</strong> thirdd<br />
week <strong>of</strong> JJanuary).<br />
Ma aximum poppulation<br />
dens sity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cabbage c aphiid<br />
occurred after<br />
about 977<br />
days. Thereefore,<br />
<strong>the</strong> peak<br />
<strong>of</strong> abundaance<br />
could expect e around d <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> February and<br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
beginninng<br />
<strong>of</strong> Marchh.<br />
After <strong>the</strong> population reached its highest level<br />
it generaally<br />
declined d and<br />
reached 10% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum af fter 112 dayss.<br />
The popul lation <strong>the</strong>n va anished fromm<br />
<strong>the</strong> canola field<br />
in 122 ddays<br />
(towardd<br />
<strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong><br />
March). AAlso<br />
<strong>the</strong> present<br />
results indicate thaat<br />
<strong>the</strong> numbe er <strong>of</strong><br />
cabbagee<br />
aphid was ssignificantly<br />
higher in thhe<br />
first seaso on 2009 (938 8.79 aphids / plant), than n that<br />
<strong>of</strong> seconnd<br />
2010 seasson<br />
(244.77 aphids a / plannt).<br />
The diffe erences in levels<br />
<strong>of</strong> infessting<br />
between n <strong>the</strong><br />
seasons might be atttributed<br />
to th he differencees<br />
in wea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
factors (tem mperature, reelative<br />
humi idity)<br />
and / oor<br />
<strong>the</strong> effectt<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> com mmon naturaal<br />
enemies in each sea ason. The geeneral<br />
mean ns <strong>of</strong><br />
temperatture<br />
ranged from 16.51 to 22.70°C aand<br />
from 13.00<br />
to 20.19 9°C and for rrelative<br />
hum midity<br />
ranged from 48.43 to 56.43% and 41.29 to 48.14% %, during <strong>the</strong> e first and second seasons,<br />
respectivvely.<br />
‐ 66 6 ‐
Wiinter<br />
actiivity<br />
<strong>of</strong> predaceo p ous larva ae <strong>of</strong> Can ntharidae<br />
(Coleoptera)<br />
in ooilseed<br />
raape<br />
crop<br />
Pawweł<br />
Medersski<br />
& Zdzis sław Klukoowski<br />
Wroocław<br />
Univeersity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Environmentaal<br />
and Life Sciences, S De epartment <strong>of</strong> Crop prot tection,<br />
50-3363Wrocławw,<br />
pl. Grunw waldzki 24aa<br />
Absstract:<br />
Soldier<br />
beetle larv vae are preddator,<br />
able to gain <strong>the</strong> foo od also in loww<br />
temperatu ures. Aim<br />
<strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
study wass<br />
to describe <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> climatic factors f on <strong>the</strong><br />
activity <strong>of</strong> f soldier beet tle larvae<br />
in wwinter<br />
oilseedd<br />
rape crop, besides b <strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
vegetation n period. Inse ects were cauught<br />
by pitfa all trap in<br />
yearrs<br />
2007-20099,<br />
each year from <strong>the</strong> endd<br />
October to <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> March M in twoo<br />
crop fields differing<br />
withh<br />
<strong>the</strong> microcllimate<br />
each to o<strong>the</strong>r. Thee<br />
larvae <strong>of</strong> soldier<br />
beetles<br />
(Coleopterra:<br />
Cantharid dae) show<br />
<strong>the</strong> aactivity<br />
sincee<br />
<strong>the</strong> early au utumn until thhe<br />
end <strong>of</strong> win nter, as long as a <strong>the</strong> daily aaverage<br />
temperature<br />
is<br />
not lower than mminus<br />
3.0 °C C. Larval actiivity<br />
under snow s cover was w confirmeed<br />
until daily y average<br />
miniimum<br />
tempeerature<br />
reache ed minus 8.00<br />
°C. Howev ver, <strong>the</strong> larvae e achieve <strong>the</strong>eir<br />
greatest activity a at<br />
<strong>the</strong> eend<br />
<strong>of</strong> Octobber,<br />
when <strong>the</strong> average temmperatures<br />
osc cillate near 3.8-6.0<br />
°C.<br />
‐ 67 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐08
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐009<br />
Some factors<br />
Germmany<br />
affecting<br />
<strong>the</strong> laarval<br />
par rasitism<br />
1<br />
Marie-LLuiseTölle<br />
, Ines Voll lhardt<br />
Georg-AAugust-Uniiversity<br />
Göt<br />
2<br />
Agroeccology,<br />
Grissebachstras<br />
2 , Dooro<strong>the</strong>a<br />
Me ennerich<br />
ttingen, Deppt.<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crop<br />
sse 6, D-370077<br />
Götting<br />
1 & Bernd Ulbber<br />
1<br />
p Sciences, Agricultur<br />
gen, German ny<br />
1<br />
ral Entomol logy,<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Populatioons<br />
<strong>of</strong> pollen n beetle (Meelige<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aen neus F.) can be regulatedd<br />
through na atural<br />
control by hymennopterous<br />
pa arasitoids. PParticularly<br />
<strong>the</strong> univol ltine larval endoparasi itoids<br />
Tersilocchus<br />
heteroceerus,<br />
Phradis<br />
interstitialiis<br />
and P. morionellus m (H Hym.; Ichneeumonidae)<br />
have<br />
been repported<br />
as keey<br />
natural enemies<br />
<strong>of</strong> ppollen<br />
beetle e from crops s <strong>of</strong> oilseed d rape in various<br />
Europeaan<br />
countries. In this stud dy, we invesstigated<br />
<strong>the</strong> species s comp position <strong>of</strong> llarval<br />
parasi itoids<br />
and <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> parrasitism<br />
at various v sitess<br />
in Germany.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r, <strong>the</strong> t influencee<br />
<strong>of</strong> site-spe ecific<br />
factors, such as geographical<br />
lat titude, regionnal<br />
proportio on <strong>of</strong> area gr rown with ooilseed<br />
rape, field<br />
size, plaant<br />
density, as well as effects e <strong>of</strong> inssecticide<br />
usa age, i.e. insecticide<br />
appliication<br />
in bu ud or<br />
flower sstage,<br />
numbeer<br />
<strong>of</strong> applica ations averagged<br />
over <strong>the</strong> e past five years y and levvel<br />
<strong>of</strong> pyreth hroid<br />
resistancce<br />
in pollen beetle, on <strong>the</strong> t total levvel<br />
<strong>of</strong> larval parasitism and <strong>the</strong> larvval<br />
parasitism m by<br />
individuual<br />
parasitoidd<br />
species was s studied.<br />
In 2008 and 2009, ssecond<br />
instar r larvae <strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
pollen bee etle were sam mpled from 336<br />
and 42 fi ields,<br />
respectivvely,<br />
<strong>of</strong> winnter<br />
oilseed rape r across Germany. Larvae L were dissected un under a binocular<br />
microscoope<br />
to detectt<br />
parasitism. Subsampless<br />
<strong>of</strong> parasitize ed larvae we ere reared forr<br />
identificatio on <strong>of</strong><br />
adult paarasitoids.<br />
Faactors<br />
affect ting <strong>the</strong> paraasitism<br />
and correlations between thhese<br />
factors were<br />
analysedd<br />
by using mmultivariate<br />
st tatistical anaalyses<br />
(‘tree model’). m<br />
Total paarasitism<br />
<strong>of</strong> ppollen<br />
beetle larvae rangeed<br />
between 1.6 1 – 55.9 % and 1.0 - 81.3<br />
% in 2008 8 and<br />
2009, reespectively.<br />
In 2008, mean<br />
parasitissm<br />
by P. in nterstitialis and<br />
T. heteroocerus<br />
was on a<br />
similar llevel<br />
while mmean<br />
parasit tism by T. hheterocerus<br />
was w more fre equent in 20009.<br />
The lev vel <strong>of</strong><br />
parasitissm<br />
was signiificantly<br />
affe ected by geoographic<br />
regi ion in Germa any, area groown<br />
with oil lseed<br />
rape, fieeld<br />
size andd<br />
particularly y by insecticcide<br />
applica ation during bud or flowwer<br />
stage. These T<br />
results ssuggest<br />
thatt<br />
larval para asitism <strong>of</strong> ppollen<br />
beetle<br />
might be affected byy<br />
<strong>the</strong> timin ng <strong>of</strong><br />
insecticiide<br />
applicatioon<br />
and additi ional site-speecific<br />
factors s.<br />
This project<br />
was ffinancially<br />
supported s byy<br />
<strong>the</strong> Feder ral Ministry y <strong>of</strong> Food,<br />
Consummer<br />
Protectionn.<br />
‐ 68 8 ‐<br />
<strong>of</strong> polleen<br />
beetle e in<br />
Agriculture and
Tuurnip<br />
rappe<br />
as a tra ap crop aand<br />
natural<br />
pestic cide – Reesults<br />
<strong>of</strong> three- t<br />
yeaar<br />
field trrials<br />
on pest p contrrol<br />
in org ganic win nter rapeeseed<br />
Tobbias<br />
Ludwig<br />
& Stefan n Kühne<br />
Juliius-Kühn-Innstitute<br />
(JKI) I) - Federal Research Centre C for Cultivated C PPlants,<br />
Instit tute for<br />
Straategies<br />
and Technology y Assessmennt,<br />
Stahnsdo orfer Damm m 81, D-145532<br />
Kleinma achnow<br />
Absstract:<br />
A mixxed<br />
cropping g system <strong>of</strong> rrapeseed<br />
and d 10 % turnip p rape as trapp<br />
crop was c<br />
withh<br />
oilseed rappe<br />
in pure stand to deemonstrate<br />
th he reduction n <strong>of</strong> infestattion<br />
by inse<br />
Furt<strong>the</strong>rmore<br />
<strong>the</strong>e<br />
application n <strong>of</strong> bio-pestticides<br />
like pyrethrum/ra ape oil (Sprruzit<br />
(SpiinTor),<br />
diatomeen<br />
earth (SiO2) ( /sunfllower-oil<br />
and d rock powder/water<br />
was<br />
showwed<br />
a higherr<br />
infestation by stem weeevils<br />
(Ceutor rhynchus spp p.) in <strong>the</strong> mi<br />
commpared<br />
to rappeseed<br />
in pure<br />
stand. The reduction <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> pollen beetle b (Melig<br />
rapeeseed<br />
buds rresulted<br />
from m higher attrractiveness<br />
<strong>of</strong> o turnip rape<br />
as a conse<br />
growwth.<br />
The fastter<br />
developm ment <strong>of</strong> turnipp<br />
rape seems s to be <strong>the</strong> im mportant key<br />
beettle<br />
regulationn.<br />
The applic cation <strong>of</strong> pyrrethrum<br />
and spinosad ag gainst Ceutor<br />
effecct,<br />
spinosad was <strong>the</strong> only y agent that ccaused<br />
a redu uction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pollen beetl<br />
® compared<br />
ect pests.<br />
Neu), spinosad<br />
s tested. Oils seed rape<br />
ixed croppin ng system<br />
ge<strong>the</strong>s aeneu us) on <strong>the</strong><br />
equence <strong>of</strong> advanced a<br />
y <strong>of</strong> successf ful pollen<br />
rhynchus spp p. had no<br />
le.<br />
‐ 69 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐10
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐111<br />
Pest mmonitoring<br />
and forecastiing<br />
<strong>of</strong> th he cabbage<br />
stem<br />
(Psylli liodes chrrysocepha<br />
ala)<br />
Helle MMathiasen<br />
& Peter Esb bjerg<br />
Copenhhagen<br />
University,<br />
Facu ulty <strong>of</strong> Lifee<br />
Sciences, Depart. <strong>of</strong> f Agriculture re and Ecol logy,<br />
Zoologyy<br />
Group, Thhorvaldsens<br />
svej 40, 18771<br />
Frederiks sberg C, De enmark<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The cabbbage<br />
stem fle ea beetle hass<br />
become a local and se erious pest o<strong>of</strong><br />
winter oil seed<br />
rape in t<strong>the</strong><br />
sou<strong>the</strong>rnn<br />
part <strong>of</strong> Den nmark since 1992 and sin nce 2001 <strong>the</strong> e pest is widdespread<br />
in all a <strong>of</strong><br />
Denmarkk.<br />
Attacks hhave<br />
peaked d in cycles o<strong>of</strong><br />
seven yea ars and this behaviour iis<br />
believed to t be<br />
caused mmainly<br />
by coold<br />
winters an nd natural ennemies.<br />
The beetles inva ade winter oiil<br />
seed rape fields f<br />
at crop emergence and feed on n leaves but ut <strong>the</strong> most severe dama age is causeed<br />
by <strong>the</strong> la arvae<br />
tunnellinng<br />
petioles and stems <strong>of</strong> o plants. Inn<br />
Denmark, control agai inst larval ddamage<br />
relie es on<br />
pyrethrooid<br />
insecticiddes<br />
and decisions<br />
on treaatment<br />
are based b on a th hreshold baseed<br />
monitorin ng <strong>of</strong><br />
adult beetles<br />
in <strong>the</strong> ffield.<br />
Uncert tainties are aattached<br />
to a threshold ba ased strategyy<br />
<strong>of</strong> control when w<br />
monitoriing<br />
is <strong>of</strong> a noon-damaging<br />
g stage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>e<br />
pest and po otentially ins secticides aree<br />
applied wit thout<br />
a valid nneed.<br />
The puublic<br />
aim <strong>of</strong> reducing peesticide<br />
use as a well as <strong>the</strong><br />
potential rrisk<br />
<strong>of</strong> pyreth hroid<br />
resistancce<br />
developinng<br />
in <strong>the</strong> pest t puts a presssure<br />
on <strong>the</strong> need <strong>of</strong> chan nging this coontrol<br />
strateg gy <strong>of</strong><br />
“sprayinng<br />
and prayinng”<br />
towards an integratedd<br />
pest manag gement appro oach. The ovverall<br />
objectiv ve <strong>of</strong><br />
this studdy<br />
is to imprrove<br />
<strong>the</strong> exis sting manageement<br />
strateg gy towards timed<br />
action when neede ed by<br />
compilinng<br />
reliable mmonitoring<br />
with w details on biologic cal key poin nts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peest.<br />
The exi isting<br />
monitoriing<br />
techniquue<br />
will be in nvestigated inn<br />
field exper riments and analysed in relation to o<strong>the</strong>r o<br />
existing or potential methods <strong>of</strong> pest and dammage<br />
monito oring. Labora atory tests wwill<br />
be carried d out<br />
to studyy<br />
reproductioon<br />
and fecund dity and to ddetermine<br />
de evelopmental l thresholds aand<br />
requirem ments<br />
as well as mortalityy<br />
factors <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> t egg and larval stages s. The project<br />
aims to teest<br />
<strong>the</strong> following<br />
hypo<strong>the</strong>sis:<br />
a) egg-laying<br />
varie es with temmperature<br />
and<br />
temperatu ure dependennt<br />
activities and<br />
requires continuous mating, b) th hermal requiirement<br />
<strong>of</strong> th he different st tages varies to a larger extent<br />
than inddicated<br />
so ffar,<br />
c) mort tality <strong>of</strong> larrvae<br />
and po ossibly also eggs is inffluenced<br />
by low<br />
temperatture<br />
and verry<br />
dry or wet t conditions, d) first instars<br />
are most t exposed to mortality fa actors<br />
on its way<br />
from soil into plants and a e) monittoring<br />
can be e improved and a translatedd<br />
into foreca asting<br />
by analyysing<br />
values in relation to o climate andd<br />
mortality <strong>of</strong> o egg and lar rval stages.<br />
‐ 70 0 ‐<br />
flea bee etle,
Hoost<br />
seleection<br />
<strong>of</strong> o Terssilochus<br />
heteroc cerus (H (Hymenoptera:<br />
Ichhneumonnidae),<br />
pa arasitoid <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pollen p be eetle Mellige<strong>the</strong>s<br />
aeneus a<br />
(Cooleopteraa:<br />
Nitidulidae)<br />
Joseef<br />
Straka<br />
1<br />
Lu<br />
2<br />
Sw<br />
1 , Peter And derson<br />
und Universsity,<br />
Departm<br />
wedish Univversity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ag<br />
2 & Katarina H<br />
ment <strong>of</strong> Bioology,<br />
Sölveg gatan 37, 223<br />
62 Lundd,<br />
Sweden<br />
griculturtal Sciences, Box B 102, 230 0 53 Alnarpp,<br />
Sweden<br />
Absstract:<br />
Larvaae<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> poll len beetle Me Melige<strong>the</strong>s aen neus Fabriciu us 1775, <strong>the</strong> major Europ pean pest<br />
<strong>of</strong> ooilseed<br />
rape, are attacked d by several l species <strong>of</strong> hymenoptero<br />
h ous parasitoiids.<br />
One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />
abunndant<br />
parasiitoids<br />
in win nter oilseed rape is Tersilochus<br />
he eterocerus TThomson<br />
1889.<br />
This<br />
speccies<br />
is knownn<br />
to be attrac cted by long-distance<br />
vol latiles from oilseed o rape iin<br />
<strong>the</strong> bud an nd flower<br />
stage<br />
(Jönsson 22005).<br />
However,<br />
once a parasitoid lands on th he inflorescen ence, it still needs to<br />
locaate<br />
its host larrva.<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> this study was to o examine hhow<br />
parasitoi id females re eact to odour urs from livin ng pollen<br />
beettle<br />
larvae, annd<br />
if <strong>the</strong>re is any a preferennce<br />
for a particular<br />
larval stage.<br />
Olfaactory<br />
bioasssays<br />
were co onducted to determine preferences p <strong>of</strong> o female parrasitoids<br />
col llected in<br />
<strong>the</strong> wwinter<br />
oilseeed<br />
rape field at Alnarp neear<br />
Malmö in n Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Sweden:<br />
In a Y-shaped gl lass tube,<br />
<strong>the</strong> ffemale<br />
waspps<br />
were allow wed to choosse<br />
between two t airstream ms carrying eei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
purifie ed air, or<br />
air ffrom<br />
living immature<br />
sta ages <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> poollen<br />
beetle. The pollen beetle larvaee<br />
were tested d in three<br />
size categories: Smallest stage<br />
(1 - 1,5 mmm),<br />
b) inte ermediate sta age (2 - 2,5 mmm),<br />
and fin nal larval<br />
stage<br />
(3,5 - 4 mmm).<br />
The tested T. heeterocerus<br />
females f showwed<br />
a signif ficant prefer rence for thhe<br />
airstream carrying<br />
odouurs<br />
from <strong>the</strong>e<br />
intermedia ate larval staage<br />
when te ested against<br />
purified aiir.<br />
The females<br />
also<br />
signnificantly<br />
preeferred<br />
<strong>the</strong> sm mallest larvaal<br />
stage when n tested agai inst <strong>the</strong> final l larval stage e, and <strong>the</strong><br />
interrmediate<br />
staage<br />
when tested t againnst<br />
<strong>the</strong> final<br />
stage. Th his suggests that after landing,<br />
T. heeterocerus<br />
ffemales<br />
are able to reacct<br />
to volatile e cues from <strong>the</strong> host, annd<br />
prefer ho ost larvae<br />
whicch<br />
have not yyet<br />
reached <strong>the</strong> t final larvval<br />
stage.<br />
Refference<br />
Jönssson,<br />
M. 20005:<br />
Respon nses to oilseeed<br />
rape and d cotton volatiles<br />
in inssect<br />
herbivo ores and<br />
parasitoidss.<br />
Doctoral <strong>the</strong>sis no.20005:14,<br />
Swe edish Unive ersity <strong>of</strong> Aggricultural<br />
Sciences,<br />
S<br />
Alnarp.<br />
‐ 71 ‐<br />
Hedlund 1<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Ep‐12
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
‐ 72 ‐
Paathology<br />
‐ Poster PPresentations<br />
s<br />
‐ 73 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐001<br />
IOBCC/WPRSS,<br />
Worki ing Grouup<br />
on In ntegrated Controll<br />
in Oilseed<br />
Cropss<br />
and meembersh<br />
hip <strong>of</strong> IOOBC/WP<br />
PRS<br />
Birger Koopmannn<br />
1<br />
Georrg-August-Un<br />
Pathologgy<br />
and Crop<br />
2<br />
Plantt<br />
and Inverte<br />
AL5 2JQQ,<br />
UK<br />
3<br />
Royaal<br />
Veterinary<br />
Thorvalddsensvej<br />
40,<br />
1 , Sam Co ook<br />
niversity <strong>of</strong><br />
p Protection,<br />
ebate Ecolog<br />
y and Agric<br />
DK-1871 Fr<br />
2 & Lenne<br />
Sigsgaar<br />
f <strong>Göttingen</strong>, Departmen nt <strong>of</strong> Crop Sciences, DDivsion<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant P<br />
Grisebachsttr.<br />
6, D-3707 77 <strong>Göttingen</strong>,<br />
Germany<br />
gy Departmeent,<br />
Rothams sted Researc ch, Harpendeen<br />
Hertfords shire,<br />
cultural Uniiversity,<br />
Dep partment <strong>of</strong> f Ecology - Zoology Gr roup.<br />
rederiksbergg<br />
C, Denmark k<br />
The Woorking<br />
Groupp<br />
on Integrate ed Control inn<br />
Oilseed Cro ops (ICOC) is one <strong>of</strong> 19 Working Gr roups<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> WWest<br />
Palearcttic<br />
Regional Section (WPPRS)<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> International<br />
Organizatioon<br />
for Biolo ogical<br />
and Inteegrated<br />
Conntrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> Noix xious Animmals<br />
and Plan nts (IOBC). For more details on o<strong>the</strong>r o<br />
workingg<br />
groups refer<br />
to http://w www.iobc-wpprs.org/.<br />
IOBC/WWPRS<br />
encouurages<br />
collaboration<br />
in prromoting<br />
fea asible and en nvironmentaally<br />
safe met thods<br />
<strong>of</strong> pest aand<br />
pathogeen<br />
control. IO OBC/WPRS fosters rese earch and pra actical appliccation,<br />
organ nizes<br />
meetings,<br />
symposia, , <strong>of</strong>fers training<br />
and infoormation,<br />
esp pecially on biological<br />
meethods<br />
<strong>of</strong> con ntrol,<br />
but alsoo<br />
on all metthods,<br />
includ ding chemiccals,<br />
within an integrated<br />
pest manaagement<br />
con ntext.<br />
Major aactivities<br />
incllude<br />
develop pment and sttandardizatio<br />
on <strong>of</strong> methods<br />
used to te test for effec cts <strong>of</strong><br />
pesticidees<br />
on beneficcial<br />
species, pest and dissease<br />
damage e assessment t, modeling iin<br />
relation to o pest<br />
and diseease<br />
management,<br />
and th he practical implementat tion <strong>of</strong> biolo ogical and inntegrated<br />
con ntrols<br />
for pestss<br />
and diseasees<br />
<strong>of</strong> particular<br />
crops.<br />
Workingg<br />
Groups (WWG)<br />
may pub blish a proceeeding<br />
biannu ually or trienn nially. Copiees<br />
<strong>of</strong> proceed dings<br />
from WG<br />
can be obbtained<br />
throu ugh <strong>the</strong> publlisher<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bulletin (lis st and titles o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> issues s and<br />
orderingg<br />
form can bee<br />
found on th he IOBC/WPPRS<br />
Website e).<br />
Aims <strong>of</strong>f<br />
<strong>the</strong> WG ICCOC:<br />
The working w groupp<br />
was establi ished in 1982 2 by Bent Brromand<br />
(Dan nish<br />
Researchh<br />
Centre for Plant Protec ction) and Chhrister<br />
Nilson n (Swedish University U <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Agriculture e) to<br />
encouragge<br />
and coorddinate<br />
researc ch on integraated<br />
disease and pest man nagement syystems<br />
in oils seed<br />
productiion.<br />
Throughh<br />
its regular meetings, m it iis<br />
also intend ded to serve as a a platformm<br />
to ga<strong>the</strong>r an nd<br />
exchangge<br />
fundamenttal<br />
knowledg ge and experttise<br />
on diseases<br />
and pests s. Major areaas<br />
<strong>of</strong> focus fo or<br />
<strong>the</strong> grouup<br />
have been:<br />
+ Occcurrence<br />
an nd distributioon<br />
<strong>of</strong> diseases s and pests (m monitoring wwork)<br />
+ Inttegrated<br />
pest t and diseasee<br />
managemen nt<br />
+ Esstablishment<br />
<strong>of</strong> damage th thresholds<br />
+ Deevelopment<br />
<strong>of</strong> o decision ssupport<br />
syste ems<br />
+ Diisease<br />
resista ance<br />
+ Usse<br />
<strong>of</strong> trap cro ops for pest ccontrol<br />
+ Biiology<br />
<strong>of</strong> pes st and beneficcial<br />
insects<br />
+ Biiological<br />
con ntrol (predatoors,<br />
parasitoids<br />
and antag gonists)<br />
+ Seeed<br />
pathology y in oilseed ccrops<br />
+ Geene<br />
technolo ogy in oilseedd<br />
crops – significance,<br />
ec conomics andd<br />
environment<br />
rd 3<br />
‐ 74 4 ‐
ICOOC<br />
convenoors<br />
/ liason <strong>of</strong>ficer: Thee<br />
Working Group is he eaded by twwo<br />
convenors s: Birger<br />
Kooopmann<br />
is thhe<br />
working group g and subbgroup<br />
conv venor Patholo ogy, and Samm<br />
Cook is su ubgroup-<br />
convvenor<br />
Entommology.<br />
Sam m Cook wass<br />
elected in 2004 durin ng a workinng<br />
group me eeting in<br />
Rothhamsted<br />
following<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Ingrid Williiams.<br />
Birger Koopmann took t over froom<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Volker<br />
Paul<br />
afterr<br />
election in Copenhagen n in 2003. LLene<br />
Sigsgaa ard is <strong>the</strong> lias son <strong>of</strong>ficer o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> group and vice<br />
pressident<br />
<strong>of</strong> IOBBC-WPRS.<br />
She S followed d Barbara Ekb bom as liason n <strong>of</strong>ficer in 22009.<br />
ICOOC<br />
Workingg<br />
Group web w page: A web page is available e for informmation<br />
on WG-ICOC W<br />
activvities.<br />
Meetiings<br />
are ann nounced, PDDFs<br />
<strong>of</strong> abstr ract booklets s are providded<br />
and o<strong>the</strong> er useful<br />
information<br />
is avvailable.<br />
URL<br />
is: http://wwwwuser.gw<br />
wdg.de/~iobc/.<br />
Memmbership<br />
<strong>of</strong>f<br />
IOBC/WP PRS: Members<br />
<strong>of</strong> IOBC C/WPRS are e individualss,<br />
and gover rnmental,<br />
scienntific<br />
or commmercial<br />
org ganizations ffrom<br />
24 cou untries <strong>of</strong> Eu urope, <strong>the</strong> MMediterranean<br />
n and <strong>the</strong><br />
Midddle<br />
East. IOBBC/WPRS<br />
has h four types<br />
<strong>of</strong> member rships: Indiv vidual, Instittutional,<br />
Sup pporting<br />
and Honorary. Members <strong>of</strong> o IOBC/WWPRS<br />
are an ny persons carrying c inddividual<br />
or honorary<br />
memmbership,<br />
or covered by <strong>the</strong> membersship<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir employing institution. i MMembers<br />
hav ve access<br />
to aall<br />
working group meetings.<br />
Only members can c hold an ny function in <strong>the</strong> activities<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
IOBBC/WPRS.<br />
Connveners<br />
<strong>of</strong> WWorking,<br />
Stud dy Groups annd<br />
Commiss sions are granted<br />
free Inddividual<br />
Mem mbership<br />
startting<br />
with <strong>the</strong>e<br />
calendar ye ear immediattely<br />
after end dorsement <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong>ir electioon<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Co ouncil, so<br />
to hoonor<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir coontribution.<br />
Memmbership<br />
annd<br />
benefits:<br />
Individual<br />
membbership:<br />
75 €. € Includes 110<br />
€ for indi ividual mem mbership <strong>of</strong> IIOBC-Global<br />
and <strong>the</strong><br />
posssibility<br />
to connsult<br />
and dow wnload all reecent<br />
IOBC/ WPRS Bulle etins online iin<br />
<strong>the</strong> Memb bers' Area<br />
<strong>of</strong> thhe<br />
web site. Also includ des a 50-75 € reduction in <strong>the</strong> registration<br />
fee wwhen<br />
particip pating in<br />
meeetings<br />
organizzed<br />
by IOBC C/WPRS.<br />
Individual<br />
membbership<br />
with subscriptionn<br />
to "Biocon ntrol“ (paper version): 175<br />
€. This inc cludes, in<br />
addiition<br />
to <strong>the</strong> bbenefits<br />
<strong>of</strong> an a individuall<br />
membershi ip, a subscrip ption to <strong>the</strong> internationa al journal<br />
"BiooControl"<br />
forr<br />
personal us se (not for libbraries).<br />
Suppporting<br />
memmbership:<br />
Mi inimum 3500<br />
€. Supporti ing members s are small iinstitutions,<br />
libraries,<br />
and companies. Supporting membership m covers all em mployees <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> unit holdding<br />
<strong>the</strong> mem mbership.<br />
The supporting mmembership<br />
fees are inddividually<br />
fix xed, however r <strong>the</strong> minimuum<br />
is current tly 350 €<br />
per aannum<br />
(incluuding<br />
supporting<br />
membeership<br />
to IOB BC-Global <strong>of</strong> o 50 € per annnum).<br />
IOBC C/WPRS<br />
depeends<br />
on yourr<br />
contribution n to maintainn<br />
<strong>the</strong> activiti ies so we ask k you to cont ntribute <strong>the</strong> maximum m<br />
posssible<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> minimum!<br />
Suupporting<br />
me embers have e <strong>the</strong> possibbility<br />
to con nsult and<br />
dowwnload<br />
all reecent<br />
IOBC C/WPRS Bullletins<br />
onlin ne in <strong>the</strong> Members' M Are rea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> web w site.<br />
Furt<strong>the</strong>rmore,<br />
<strong>the</strong>y<br />
receive one o CD withh<br />
all "IOBC C/WPRS Bul lletins" publlished<br />
in <strong>the</strong> e year <strong>of</strong><br />
memmbership<br />
(ca. . 10-15 volum mes per yearr).<br />
Suppporting<br />
memmbership<br />
with h subscriptioon<br />
to "Biocontrol“<br />
(paper r version): 4450€<br />
per annum.<br />
This<br />
incluudes,<br />
in adddition<br />
to th he benefits <strong>of</strong> a supp porting mem mbership, a subscription n to <strong>the</strong><br />
interrnational<br />
jouurnal<br />
"BioControl“.<br />
Instiitutional<br />
Meembers:<br />
Insti itutional memmbers<br />
are public p resear rch / teachinng<br />
institution ns. Their<br />
conttribution<br />
proovides<br />
a sign nificant partt<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fund ds necessary y for IOBC/WWPRS<br />
to su ustain its<br />
activvities.<br />
Pleasee<br />
contact an ny member o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> execu utive commit ttee if your institution wishes w to<br />
becoome<br />
a membber<br />
<strong>of</strong> IOBC/W WPRS.<br />
‐ 75 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐002<br />
Fungaal<br />
Diseases<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sun nflower inn<br />
Turkey y<br />
Cafer E<br />
1<br />
Facultty<br />
<strong>of</strong> Engineeering,<br />
Arda ahan Univeersity,<br />
75000 0 Ardahan, Turkey<br />
2<br />
Deparrtment<br />
<strong>of</strong> PPlant<br />
Prote ection, Facculty<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ag griculture, Atatürk A Unniversity,<br />
25 5240<br />
Erzurumm,<br />
Turkey<br />
EKEN 1,2<br />
Sunflowwer<br />
(Helianthhus<br />
annuus) is i one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> main crops for f oilseeds in i Turkey. TThe<br />
sunflowe er has<br />
a numbeer<br />
<strong>of</strong> pathological<br />
problem ms, especiallly<br />
fungi. In this t review, <strong>the</strong> t fungal sppecies<br />
determ mined<br />
in Turkeey<br />
until noww<br />
are summ marized. Acccording<br />
to th he relevant literature, 199<br />
fungal species<br />
belonginng<br />
to 16 gennera<br />
are repo orted in Turrkey.<br />
Sclerot tinia scleroti iorum, Plasmmopara<br />
helia anthi<br />
and Maccrophomina<br />
pphaseolina<br />
are a some <strong>of</strong> t<strong>the</strong><br />
most imp portant pathogens<br />
<strong>of</strong> sunfflower.<br />
‐ 76 6 ‐
WIIN:<br />
Devveloping<br />
Prooducers<br />
Site-Sppecific<br />
Neaal<br />
Evans, RRishi<br />
Burlak koti, Amann<br />
Thakral & Sandy Ve ervaet<br />
Weaa<strong>the</strong>r<br />
INnovvations<br />
Inc. , 7159 Queeens<br />
Line, PO P Box 230 005, Chathaam,<br />
N7L OB B1, ON,<br />
Cannada.<br />
Absstract:<br />
Weathher<br />
INnovati ions Incorporrated,<br />
(WIN)<br />
is a researc ch spin <strong>of</strong>f frrom<br />
<strong>the</strong> Univ versity <strong>of</strong><br />
Gueelph<br />
in Ontaario,<br />
Canada a which begaan<br />
commerc cial operation<br />
in 2007. WIN speci ialises in<br />
provviding<br />
turnkeey<br />
wea<strong>the</strong>r based<br />
monitooring<br />
and modelling<br />
solut tions for agriibusinesses,<br />
producer<br />
orgaanisations,<br />
goovernment<br />
agencies, a reseearchers<br />
and d o<strong>the</strong>rs. The e primary gooal<br />
<strong>of</strong> WIN is i to help<br />
facillitate<br />
<strong>the</strong> delivery<br />
<strong>of</strong> sci ience based decision sup pport system ms to agriculltural<br />
produc cers who<br />
needd<br />
straightforwward<br />
adviso ories and toools<br />
which are e easily acce essible on thhe<br />
web. As a private<br />
commpany,<br />
WIN is complete ely independdent<br />
and <strong>of</strong>fe ers a flexible,<br />
service mminded<br />
soluti ion for a<br />
nummber<br />
<strong>of</strong> produucer<br />
groups and a multinattional<br />
clients s. As part <strong>of</strong> f this servicee,<br />
WIN maintains<br />
and<br />
mannages<br />
>750 wea<strong>the</strong>r stat tions, mainlly<br />
in North America, but b has recen ently been deploying d<br />
monnitoring<br />
equiipment<br />
in agricultural<br />
llandscapes<br />
in<br />
Europe. WIN <strong>of</strong>ferss<br />
an ever in ncreasing<br />
nummber<br />
<strong>of</strong> onlinne<br />
Decision Support Syystem<br />
produc cts for a ran nge <strong>of</strong> cropss,<br />
based on real-time<br />
weaa<strong>the</strong>r<br />
data. These incl lude BEETccast<br />
(cercos spora leaf spot s on suggar<br />
beet), TOMcast T<br />
(anthhracnose,<br />
seeptoria<br />
and blights on tomato), SPUDcast S (la ate and earlly<br />
blight <strong>of</strong> f potato),<br />
DONNcast<br />
(prediicting<br />
DON [deoxynivaalenol<br />
toxin] ] levels at heading h in wheat) WH HEATcast<br />
(sepptoria<br />
and poowdery<br />
mild dew on wheeat)<br />
and SPR RAYcast (forecast<br />
<strong>of</strong> sppraying<br />
cond ditions to<br />
miniimize<br />
spray drift). WIN N creates andd<br />
manages websites w for its clients soo<br />
informatio on can be<br />
welll<br />
targeted to <strong>the</strong> client’s needs (for eexample<br />
ww ww.vineandtreefruitinnovvations.com).<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r,<br />
WINN<br />
operates custom mon nitoring proggrams<br />
for crop c insuran nce and irriigation<br />
infra astructure<br />
mannagement.<br />
WWIN<br />
( www w.wea<strong>the</strong>rinnnovations.com<br />
m ) is curre ently workinng<br />
to provide e similar<br />
onlinne<br />
solutions to o<strong>the</strong>r pe ests includingg<br />
pests that affect canol la in Canadaa<br />
and oilseed d rape in<br />
Euroope.<br />
‐ 77 ‐<br />
Advisori ies for<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐03<br />
Agricu ultural
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐004<br />
Characterizaation<br />
<strong>of</strong> current c populat tions <strong>of</strong> Leptosphhaeria<br />
spp.<br />
from infectedd<br />
oilseed rape plaants<br />
in Europe E ( autumn 2010)<br />
Deng SShu<br />
Malgor<br />
1<br />
Institu<br />
Poznań<br />
1 , Anddrzej<br />
Brac<br />
rzata Jedryyczka<br />
ute <strong>of</strong> Plan<br />
ń, POLAND;<br />
1<br />
nt Genetics<br />
; 2 chaczek<br />
DuPont P<br />
2 , WWitold<br />
Irzy ykowski<br />
s, Polish AAcademy<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Poland Ltd., , Powązkow<br />
1 , Joanna KKaczmarek<br />
f Sciences, Strzeszyńs<br />
wska 44c, 01 1-791 Wars<br />
1<br />
, &<br />
ska 34, 60-470<br />
saw, POLAN ND<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Knowleddge<br />
about <strong>the</strong> t current populations s <strong>of</strong> plant pathogens iis<br />
important t for<br />
combatinng<br />
<strong>the</strong> diseases<br />
<strong>the</strong>y cau use and decreeasing<br />
yield <strong>of</strong> crop plan nts. The aim <strong>of</strong> this work k was<br />
to charaacterize<br />
<strong>the</strong> ppopulation<br />
<strong>of</strong> f Leptosphaeeria<br />
spp. obt tained from oilseed o rape plants in Eu urope<br />
in <strong>the</strong> auutumn<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>2011</strong>0.<br />
The sammples<br />
were collected fr rom 20 expperimental<br />
si ites, includin ng 9 fields in Poland, 5 in<br />
Hungaryy,<br />
2 in Germmany<br />
and Fran nce and 1 sitte<br />
in Denmar rk and <strong>the</strong> Czech<br />
Republlic.<br />
The mate erials<br />
were coollected<br />
fromm<br />
<strong>the</strong> cultiva ar PR46W100<br />
(HiBred-Pi ioneer). The plots were not treated with<br />
fungiciddes.<br />
From eaach<br />
field, 55 5 leaves <strong>of</strong> oilseed rape e with visible<br />
symptomms<br />
<strong>of</strong> phoma a leaf<br />
spotting were randoomly<br />
collect ted. Leaf fraagments<br />
colo onized by th he species o<strong>of</strong><br />
Leptospha aeria<br />
complexx<br />
were surfaace<br />
disinfected<br />
with 70% % ethanol an nd 1.5% sod dium hypochhlorite,<br />
rinse ed in<br />
sterile ddistilled<br />
wateer<br />
and subcu ultured on PDDA<br />
medium m supplement ted with 0.022%<br />
streptom mycin<br />
sulphatee.<br />
Single spoore<br />
or hyph hal tip isolattes<br />
obtained from <strong>the</strong> studies<br />
were attributed to t L.<br />
maculanns<br />
or L. bigllobosa,<br />
base ed on visual differences in culture morphology,<br />
m , confirmed with<br />
RAPD uusing<br />
primeer<br />
OPJ-10. There T were considerable e differences<br />
in <strong>the</strong> prooportion<br />
<strong>of</strong> both<br />
Leptosphhaeria<br />
speciies<br />
obtained d from <strong>the</strong> ddifferent<br />
site es, ranging from f 14.3% <strong>of</strong> L. macu ulans<br />
(85.7% <strong>of</strong> L. biglobosa)<br />
in Hegy yfalu, Vas reegion<br />
in Hun ngary to 97. 1% <strong>of</strong> L. maaculans<br />
(2.9%<br />
L.<br />
biglobossa)<br />
in Gut BBarth<strong>of</strong>,<br />
Baye ern region inn<br />
Germany. The results <strong>of</strong> this studyy<br />
are contrary<br />
to<br />
current kknowledge<br />
oon<br />
Leptosph haeria speciees<br />
on oilseed d rape in Europe.<br />
There were differe ences<br />
betweenn<br />
<strong>the</strong> fields, bbut<br />
– in general<br />
- in centrral<br />
Europe (P Poland, <strong>the</strong> Czech C Repubblic<br />
and Hung gary)<br />
<strong>the</strong> prevvailing<br />
speccies<br />
was L. maculans ( (81%). In Germany G and<br />
Denmark k <strong>the</strong> isolate es <strong>of</strong><br />
L. maculans<br />
constituuted<br />
a quarte er <strong>of</strong> all Lepttosphaeria<br />
cultures<br />
obtai ined from oiilseed<br />
rape plants p<br />
and in FFrance<br />
<strong>the</strong> meean<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> o L. bigloboosa<br />
isolates was w also high h (25% to 333%<br />
dependin ng on<br />
collectioon<br />
site). The variation be etween <strong>the</strong> ccomposition<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> popul lations <strong>of</strong> Lep eptosphaeria may<br />
significaantly<br />
vary wwithin<br />
a cou untry, howevver,<br />
this inv vestigation sh hows that thhe<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> o L.<br />
biglobossa<br />
in west EEurope<br />
may be higher tthan<br />
expecte ed. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> t possible reasons ma ay by<br />
connecteed<br />
with <strong>the</strong> higher persi istence <strong>of</strong> L. . biglobosa in i oilseed ra ape plants annd<br />
difficulties<br />
to<br />
erradicatte<br />
this speciies<br />
with low wer doses <strong>of</strong> fungicides. Once develo oped on stemms,<br />
L. biglo obosa<br />
forms nnumerous<br />
pyycnidia<br />
and <strong>the</strong>n pseuddo<strong>the</strong>cia<br />
and d produces big numberrs<br />
<strong>of</strong> ascosp pores<br />
(primaryy<br />
inoculum).<br />
In addittion,<br />
<strong>the</strong> isolates<br />
<strong>of</strong> L. maculans obbtained<br />
from m Poland we ere ascribedd<br />
to <strong>the</strong> opp posite<br />
mating ttypes<br />
and (a) )virulence al lleles. The poopulation<br />
sti ill favours Mat M 1.2 (66% %) as compared<br />
to<br />
Mat1.1. The avrLmm1<br />
allele was s still dominnating<br />
(90% %) comparing g to AvrLm11.<br />
In spite <strong>of</strong> o no<br />
cultivarss<br />
with Rlm6 resistance ge ene, we havee<br />
found 5 iso olates with av vrLm6 allele. . Strangely, <strong>the</strong>se t<br />
isolates were not loccalized<br />
in we est Poland, wwhere<br />
<strong>the</strong>y could c be tran nsmitted withh<br />
west winds s, but<br />
at two loocations<br />
in thhe<br />
central pa art <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> couuntry.<br />
The de etection <strong>of</strong> AvrLm6 A was done using PCR. P<br />
The cotyyledon<br />
test chhecking<br />
<strong>the</strong> virulence v <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> isolate to o Rlm6 resist tance gene ppresent<br />
in Da armor<br />
MX andd<br />
Eurol MX ccultivars<br />
is cu urrently undeer<br />
way.<br />
‐ 78 8 ‐
Coomparativve<br />
studi ies on ggrowth<br />
and fun ngicide ssensitivities<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Lepptosphaerria<br />
macu ulans andd<br />
Leptosph haeria bi iglobosa iisolates<br />
Absstract:<br />
Oilseeed<br />
rape is af ffected by a PPhoma<br />
speci ies complex causing blacckleg<br />
or stem m canker.<br />
The two teleomoorphs<br />
<strong>of</strong> Pho oma lingam, Leptosphae eria maculan ns and L bigllobosa<br />
are associated<br />
withh<br />
this diseasee.<br />
These spe ecies are beliieved<br />
to be <strong>of</strong> o different economic e immportance.<br />
Stem<br />
base<br />
girddling<br />
and sevvere<br />
stem can nkers are asssigned<br />
to L. maculans. m However,<br />
L. bbiglobosa<br />
can n also be<br />
isolaated<br />
from steem<br />
bases, bu ut it is more ffrequently<br />
fo ound at highe er stem areass.<br />
These obse ervations<br />
sugggest<br />
differennt<br />
biologica al propertiess<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tw wo species. In this coontext<br />
we compared c<br />
tempperature<br />
demmands<br />
<strong>of</strong> thre ee isolates <strong>of</strong>f<br />
each species<br />
between 5 - 32°C, recoording<br />
radial mycelial<br />
growwth<br />
on maltt<br />
extract ag gar. Our resuults<br />
suggest t a broader temperaturee<br />
range and d a more<br />
pronnounced<br />
growwth<br />
<strong>of</strong> L. big globosa at lowwer<br />
tempera atures. Nume erous studies demonstrate ed higher<br />
radiaal<br />
mycelial growth rates s <strong>of</strong> L. biglobbosa<br />
compa ared to L. ma aculans on ddifferent<br />
media.<br />
This<br />
obseervation<br />
mayy<br />
not be base ed on differeences<br />
<strong>of</strong> biom mass production.<br />
Huang et al. (2001)<br />
studied<br />
ascoospore<br />
germination<br />
<strong>of</strong> th hese two sppecies<br />
and observed o diff fferent myceelial<br />
growth patterns.<br />
Wheereas,<br />
L. macculans<br />
displa ayed pronouunced<br />
branch hing, L. biglo obosa shows only faint branching b<br />
<strong>of</strong> hhyphae,<br />
which<br />
may preten nd higher bioomass<br />
produ uction by mo ore straight hhyphae.<br />
To assess a <strong>the</strong><br />
capaacities<br />
<strong>of</strong> bioomass<br />
produ uction <strong>of</strong> booth<br />
species, we recorded d dry matter r production <strong>of</strong> three<br />
isolaates<br />
each aftter<br />
different growth g perioods<br />
in liquid culture. Res sults show thhat<br />
both spec cies were<br />
not ssignificantlyy<br />
different.<br />
Finaally,<br />
<strong>the</strong> isollates<br />
<strong>of</strong> both h species weere<br />
checked for <strong>the</strong>ir sen nsitivity agaiinst<br />
16 fung gicides in<br />
vitroo.<br />
For this ppurpose<br />
fung gicides were implemente ed into Czap pek Dox meddia<br />
at 1, 1:5 5 and 1:5<br />
fieldd<br />
applicationn<br />
rates. Radia al mycelial grrowth<br />
was re ecorded at re egular intervaals<br />
after incu ubation at<br />
20°CC<br />
in <strong>the</strong> darkk.<br />
Active compounds<br />
<strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> sterol biosyn<strong>the</strong>sis<br />
inhibitors i (FFRAC<br />
groups s G1 and<br />
G2) Metconazool,<br />
Difenocon nazol, Tebuuconazol,<br />
Pro othioconazol l, Fenpropimmorph,<br />
Spiro oxamine,<br />
Fenppropidin)<br />
weere<br />
highly ef ffective againnst<br />
all studied<br />
isolates. This<br />
was alsoo<br />
true for carbendazin<br />
(B1) ), bixafen ( (C2) and ip prodion (E3) ). Insensitiv vities were observed foor<br />
cyflufena amid (6),<br />
metrrafenone<br />
(U88)<br />
and proqu uinazid (E6). . Efficacy <strong>of</strong> f fungicides <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> groupp<br />
<strong>of</strong> strobilur rins (C3)<br />
varieed<br />
significanntly.<br />
Wherea as pyraclostroobin<br />
still sho ows efficacy,<br />
azoxystrobiin<br />
was only effective<br />
agaiinst<br />
30% <strong>of</strong> t<strong>the</strong><br />
isolates te ested. Boscaalid<br />
(C2) also o showed red duced efficaccy<br />
at field ap pplication<br />
ratess<br />
in contrast to iprodion (E3), ( which wwas<br />
effective e.<br />
Literrature:<br />
Huang Y.J., C. Tosc cano-Underwoood,<br />
B.D.L. Fitt t, A.D. Todd, B. Koopmann, , M.H Balesde ent (2001):<br />
Effeccts<br />
<strong>of</strong> temperatture<br />
on germin nation and hyphhal<br />
growth from m ascospores <strong>of</strong> o A-group andd<br />
B-group Lep ptosphaeria<br />
macuulans<br />
(Phoma sttem<br />
canker <strong>of</strong> oilseed o rape). AAnnals<br />
<strong>of</strong> Applie ed Biology 139 (2), 193-207.<br />
‐ 79 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐05<br />
Anddreas<br />
Rahlvves,<br />
Evelin n Vorbeck & Birger Koopmann K<br />
Geoorg-August-University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Göttingeen,<br />
Departm ment <strong>of</strong> Cro op Sciencess,<br />
Divsion <strong>of</strong> Plant<br />
Pathhology<br />
and Crop Prote ection, Grissebachstr.<br />
6, D-37077 <strong>Göttingen</strong> G
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐006<br />
Moleccular<br />
dettection<br />
<strong>of</strong> o Leptossphaeria<br />
maculan ns and LL.<br />
biglob bosa<br />
versuss<br />
BBCH stages <strong>of</strong> f oilseed rape plant<br />
develo opment – <strong>the</strong> imp pact<br />
on prootection<br />
with fungicides<br />
Joannaa<br />
Kaczmareek<br />
1<br />
Instituute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant<br />
2<br />
Rothammsted<br />
Resea<br />
1 , Akinw wunmi O. Latunde-Da<br />
ada<br />
Genetics PA AS, Poznańń,<br />
Poland<br />
arch, Harpe enden, <strong>the</strong> UUnited<br />
King<br />
2 & Malgorzata<br />
Jed<br />
gdom<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Winter oiilseed<br />
rape (Brassica ( nap apus ssp. oleifera)<br />
becam me one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>e<br />
most pr<strong>of</strong>i itable<br />
crops grrown<br />
in Euroope.<br />
Its plant ts stay in <strong>the</strong>e<br />
field for fo or 11 months s, and duringg<br />
this long pe eriod<br />
<strong>the</strong>y cann<br />
be attactedd<br />
by numero ous diseases,<br />
including blackleg b or stem cankerr.<br />
The disea ase is<br />
caused bby<br />
two highlly<br />
related pat thogenic funngal<br />
species: Leptosphaer ria maculanss<br />
[Desm.] Ce es. et<br />
de Not. and L. bigloobosa<br />
sp. no ov. (Shoemaaker<br />
& Brun n). The fingu us is transmiitted<br />
by airb borne<br />
ascosporres,<br />
that landd<br />
on leaves and cause pllant<br />
infection n. In Europe e, <strong>the</strong> primarry<br />
infection takes t<br />
place in <strong>the</strong> autumn.<br />
The beginn ning <strong>of</strong> sporee<br />
release and d <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> f <strong>the</strong> maximuum<br />
concentration<br />
<strong>of</strong> sporees<br />
in air sampples<br />
greatly depend on wwea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
cond ditions. The collection c <strong>of</strong> f ascospores from<br />
air sampples<br />
was doone<br />
in Wielk kopolska reggion<br />
(Pozna an, Great Po oland) over five consecu utive<br />
seasons (2004-2008)<br />
from 1st September S too<br />
31st Nove ember. The wea<strong>the</strong>r datta<br />
were colle ected<br />
from <strong>the</strong>e<br />
optimal sowwing<br />
time (2 20 August) tiill<br />
<strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> f spore sampl ling session. The detectio on <strong>of</strong><br />
spores bbelonging<br />
to each specie es <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lepptosphaeria<br />
complex c was<br />
done basedd<br />
on quantit tative<br />
PCR meethod<br />
using sspecies-specific<br />
dual-labbelled<br />
fluores scent probes designed baased<br />
on β-tub bulin<br />
genes. IIn<br />
three conssecutive<br />
autu umn seasonss<br />
(2004-2006)<br />
<strong>the</strong> summ mary numberr<br />
<strong>of</strong> spores <strong>of</strong> o L.<br />
maculanns<br />
was highher<br />
than this <strong>of</strong> L. bigllobosa,<br />
in au utumn 2007 7 it was twiice<br />
bigger fo or L.<br />
biglobossa,<br />
and in auutumn<br />
2008 is was eguall<br />
for both species.<br />
The begining<br />
<strong>of</strong> sppore<br />
detectio on <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> two species wass<br />
earlier for L. biglobossa<br />
two times s (2004, 200 05), in <strong>the</strong> ot<strong>the</strong>r<br />
two sea asons<br />
(2007, 22008)<br />
it was identical for r both speciees<br />
and in autu umn 2006 it was earlier for L. biglob bosa.<br />
These ddifferences<br />
inn<br />
time range ed from 8 to 11 days. Th he detection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maxiimum<br />
number<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
spores o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>se two species was earlier for LL.<br />
maculans in three sea asons (2004, 2006, 2008) ) and<br />
slightly earlier (11 ddays)<br />
for L. biglobosa b in autumn 200 05. These dif fferences in ttime<br />
ranged from<br />
3 to 188<br />
days. In 22005<br />
<strong>the</strong>re were two iidentical<br />
pe eaks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> maximum cconcentratio<br />
on <strong>of</strong><br />
L. biglobbosa<br />
in this season. In autumn a 20077<br />
<strong>the</strong> mass ascospore re elease was iddentical<br />
for both<br />
species. The numberr<br />
<strong>of</strong> days wit th spores <strong>of</strong> L. maculans s, present in air samples rranged<br />
from m 9 to<br />
48, and for L. biglobbosa<br />
it range ed from 9 to 39, what me eans that <strong>the</strong> differences between sea asons<br />
were treemendous<br />
(9.9%<br />
to 49.5% %). Ascospoore<br />
showers <strong>of</strong> o L. macula ans and L. biiglobosa<br />
diff ffered<br />
greatly ffrom<br />
each ot<strong>the</strong>r<br />
and coin ncided with ddifferent<br />
stag ges <strong>of</strong> develo opment <strong>of</strong> oillseed<br />
rape pl lants,<br />
measureed<br />
in BBCHH<br />
scale. The growth stagge<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilsee ed rape plan nts and <strong>the</strong> eefficiency<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong><br />
fungicidde<br />
to both speecies<br />
has stro ong impact oon<br />
<strong>the</strong> protec ction <strong>of</strong> oilseed<br />
rape, becaause<br />
both species<br />
show diifferent<br />
reacttions<br />
to <strong>the</strong> same dose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fungi icides and th heir active ccompounds,<br />
with<br />
L. biglobbosa<br />
more peersistent<br />
and d difficult to eeradicate.<br />
‐ 80 0 ‐<br />
dryczka 1
Stuudies<br />
onn<br />
<strong>the</strong> op ptimal tiime<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungicid f e appliccation<br />
ag gainst<br />
phoma<br />
leaff<br />
spottin ng and sttem<br />
cank ker in Po oland<br />
Anddrzej<br />
Brachhaczek<br />
1<br />
DuuPont<br />
Polan<br />
2<br />
Insstitute<br />
<strong>of</strong> Pl<br />
1 , Jo oanna Kaczzmarek<br />
nd Ltd., Pow wązkowska 4<br />
lant Genetic cs, Polish Ac<br />
2 & Malgorzat ta Jedryczk<br />
44c, 01-791 1 Warsaw, POLAND P<br />
cademy <strong>of</strong> Sciences, S St trzeszyńska 34, 60-470 Poznań<br />
Absstract:<br />
Amonng<br />
<strong>the</strong> diseases<br />
that affeect<br />
oilseed ra ape, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
most dammaging<br />
is ph homa leaf<br />
spott<br />
and stem canker. It is<br />
caused byy<br />
two species<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungi - Leptosphhaeria<br />
maculans<br />
and<br />
L. biiglobosa,<br />
respectively.<br />
The T main soource<br />
<strong>of</strong> plan nt infection are ascospoores<br />
originating<br />
from<br />
pseuudo<strong>the</strong>cia<br />
- ffruiting<br />
bodi ies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peerfect<br />
stage, produced on o oilseed raape<br />
stubble from <strong>the</strong><br />
prevvious<br />
vegetattive<br />
season. These T wind ddispersed<br />
spores<br />
constitu ute <strong>the</strong> inocuulum<br />
for <strong>the</strong> spread s <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> disease fromm<br />
season to season and to new fields<br />
in <strong>the</strong> same<br />
season. Monitoring <strong>of</strong> spore<br />
disppersal<br />
is <strong>of</strong> ggreat<br />
importa ance for diseease<br />
risk assessment.<br />
In Poland this monitoring has been<br />
donee<br />
within <strong>the</strong>e<br />
framework k <strong>of</strong> System m for Forecasting<br />
Diseas se Epidemiccs<br />
(www.spe ec.edu.pl)<br />
usinng<br />
volumetricc<br />
spore samp plers.<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> this rresearch<br />
was s to determinne<br />
<strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> autum mn and early spring spray ying time<br />
on t<strong>the</strong><br />
incidencee<br />
and severi ity <strong>of</strong> stem canker in re elation to presence<br />
<strong>of</strong> sppores<br />
in <strong>the</strong> air. The<br />
expeeriments<br />
werre<br />
done in th hree seasonss:<br />
2008/2009 9- 2010/<strong>2011</strong> 1. The fieldss<br />
with winte er oilseed<br />
rapee<br />
cultivar PRR46W10<br />
(Pio oneer Hi-Breed)<br />
were pla aced in 5 site es located inn<br />
different re egions <strong>of</strong><br />
Polaand.<br />
Fungiciide<br />
treatmen nts were doone<br />
at week kly intervals s from late September to mid-<br />
Novvember,<br />
usingg<br />
Capitan 25 50 EW, contaaining<br />
250 g <strong>of</strong> flusilasole<br />
per 1 L <strong>of</strong> t<strong>the</strong><br />
fungicide e.<br />
The results cleaarly<br />
show tha at time <strong>of</strong> fuungicide<br />
app plication had a strong, sttatistically<br />
si ignificant<br />
influuence<br />
on <strong>the</strong>e<br />
effectiveness<br />
<strong>of</strong> chemiccal<br />
protectio on <strong>of</strong> oilseed rape. The ppercentage<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
healthy<br />
plannts<br />
was signnificantly<br />
dif fferent betwween<br />
assessm ment dates, years y and loocations.<br />
Th he lowest<br />
perccentage<br />
<strong>of</strong> hhealthy<br />
plant ts was alwaays<br />
observed d in variants<br />
with no ffungicide<br />
tre eatments.<br />
Appplication<br />
<strong>of</strong> ffungicide<br />
wa as <strong>the</strong> most eefficient<br />
whe en it was performed<br />
a feww<br />
days follo owing <strong>the</strong><br />
ascoospore<br />
releasse.<br />
It caused not n only reduuced<br />
disease e incidence but<br />
also <strong>the</strong> hi highest increa ase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
yieldd.<br />
In cconclusion,<br />
innformation<br />
about a timingg<br />
and intensi ity <strong>of</strong> ascosp pore release given by SP PEC may<br />
greaatly<br />
help in ccontrolling<br />
st tem canker eepidemics<br />
an nd allow better<br />
predictionns<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dise ease risk.<br />
and consequentlyy<br />
judicious use <strong>of</strong> fungiccides.<br />
‐ 81 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
ka 2<br />
Pp‐07
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐008<br />
Effectt<br />
<strong>of</strong> commbined<br />
inoculatio i on <strong>of</strong> Phoma P lin ngam paathogenic<br />
city<br />
groupps<br />
on dissease<br />
exp pression <strong>of</strong> coty yledons <strong>of</strong> o a Bras assica nap pus<br />
Rlm7 cultivar<br />
Patrickk<br />
Koch, Eveelin<br />
Vorbec ck & Birgeer<br />
Koopmann<br />
Georg-AAugust-Uniiversity<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, G DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crop Sciences, S DDivsion<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant P<br />
Patholoogy<br />
and Croop<br />
Protectio on, Grisebacchstr.<br />
6, D-37077<br />
Gött tingen, Germmany<br />
Abstracct:<br />
Pathogenn<br />
resistance is <strong>the</strong> most important measure m for integrated ccontrol<br />
<strong>of</strong> fu ungal<br />
diseasess.<br />
Both qualittative<br />
(mono ogenic) and qquantitative<br />
(polygenic) ( resistance r geenes<br />
contribu ute to<br />
blacklegg<br />
resistance <strong>of</strong> oilseed ra ape (OSR). Several mon nogenic resistance<br />
geness<br />
are known n and<br />
widely uused<br />
in commmercial<br />
cultivars.<br />
Recenntly,<br />
a few cultivars c were<br />
introducedd<br />
into <strong>the</strong> market<br />
possessiing<br />
<strong>the</strong> neww<br />
monogenic c resistance gene Rlm7 7, which has s been showwn<br />
to be hi ighly<br />
effectivee.<br />
However, monogenic resistance r is vulnerable to t being over rcome by <strong>the</strong>e<br />
developme ent <strong>of</strong><br />
virulent fungal popuulations.<br />
Thi is process mmay<br />
rely on <strong>the</strong> selection n <strong>of</strong> virulentt<br />
isolates alr ready<br />
present in <strong>the</strong> popullation<br />
at low w frequenciess,<br />
but also on o avirulence e genes whicch<br />
may alter r and<br />
turn intoo<br />
virulence aalleles<br />
or are deleted via mutation. We W isolated Leptosphaeriaa<br />
maculans avr7- a<br />
strains vvirulent<br />
on RRlm7<br />
genotyp pes from expperimental<br />
plots<br />
in Göttin ngen. In this sstudy<br />
we use ed an<br />
isolate to<br />
investigatee<br />
<strong>the</strong> perform mance <strong>of</strong> Rlmm7<br />
if trigger red with isolate<br />
combinat ations <strong>of</strong> diff ferent<br />
pathogennicity<br />
groups.<br />
It has been n shown in OOSR<br />
and oth her hosts, tha at pre- and/oor<br />
co-inocula ations<br />
with lesss<br />
virulent iisolates<br />
may y induce ressistance<br />
to highly h virule ent isolates. We studied d <strong>the</strong><br />
presencee<br />
<strong>of</strong> this efffect<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Rlm7 cv. Caiman usi ing well characterized<br />
isolates <strong>of</strong> both<br />
L. maculans<br />
and L. bbiglobosa.<br />
Pre-inocculations<br />
weere<br />
performe ed with an Avr7 L. maculans<br />
or an a L. biglobbosa<br />
isolate both<br />
avirulennt<br />
on cv. Caimman.<br />
They were w followeed<br />
by inocula ations with a virulent L. maculans isolate<br />
(avr7) 0,<br />
1, 2 and 4 days after pr re-inoculatioon.<br />
A mock pre-inoculati<br />
p ion control wwas<br />
also real lized.<br />
Differennt<br />
spatial inoculation<br />
syst tems were ussed<br />
to check for local and<br />
systemic eeffects<br />
<strong>of</strong> ind duced<br />
resistancce.<br />
Local efffects<br />
were stu udied by inooculating<br />
bot th isolates at t <strong>the</strong> same pllace<br />
or each on a<br />
separatee<br />
half <strong>of</strong> a cootyledon.<br />
Systemic<br />
effeccts<br />
were stud died by inocu ulating aviruulent<br />
and virulent<br />
isolates on differentt<br />
cotyledons <strong>of</strong> a single plant. Both h lesion area a and qualitaative<br />
assessm ments<br />
considerring<br />
sporulaation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> e pathogen were cond ducted. For this purposse<br />
we used d <strong>the</strong><br />
IMASCOORE<br />
rating sscale<br />
(Volke 1999).<br />
Results clearly demmonstrate<br />
ef fficacy <strong>of</strong> RRlm7<br />
agains st both stud died L. macculans<br />
Avr7 and<br />
L. biglobbosa<br />
isolatess.<br />
Lesion siz zes were aboout<br />
50 times smaller com mpared to L. . maculans avr7- a<br />
controls.<br />
Also no spporulation<br />
was w observedd<br />
within <strong>the</strong>s se lesions aft ter 18 days post inocula ation.<br />
Results <strong>of</strong> combinedd<br />
inoculation ns showed cclear<br />
effects only if isola ates were inooculated<br />
in close c<br />
proximitty.<br />
This wass<br />
true for both<br />
pre-inocuulation<br />
system ms using ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
avirulennt<br />
L. maculan ns or<br />
L. biglobbosa.<br />
This effect<br />
was ev ven more proonounced<br />
and d statistically y significant t compared to o <strong>the</strong><br />
controls,<br />
if <strong>the</strong>re waas<br />
a time gap p <strong>of</strong> 4 days bbetween<br />
pre-inoculation<br />
and inoculattion.<br />
This va ariant<br />
also shoowed<br />
no spoorulation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pathogeens.<br />
Lower effects e were recorded wwhen<br />
inocula ations<br />
were sppatially<br />
sepaarated.<br />
Sligh ht effects wwere<br />
only vi isible using Avr7 L. maaculans<br />
for pre-<br />
inoculattions.<br />
Howevver,<br />
<strong>the</strong>y wer re not statisttically<br />
different<br />
from con ntrols. No efffects,<br />
not ev ven a<br />
trend, wwere<br />
observedd<br />
using L. big globosa for sspatially<br />
sepa arated pre-in noculations.<br />
These reesults<br />
demonnstrate<br />
that Rlm7 R may bee<br />
triggered by<br />
avirulent L. L maculans and L. biglo obosa<br />
locally. Probably, a systemic effect <strong>of</strong> a pre-inocu ulation with avirulent LL.<br />
maculans and<br />
L. biglobbosa<br />
becomees<br />
significan nt in systemss<br />
using exte ended time gaps g betweenn<br />
pre-inoculation<br />
and inocculation.<br />
‐ 82 2 ‐
Chharacterisstics<br />
<strong>of</strong> f isolatees<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sclerotin S nia sclerrotiorum<br />
and<br />
Lepptosphaerria<br />
macu ulans / LL.<br />
biglobo osa origin nating frrom<br />
<strong>the</strong> Czech<br />
Republic<br />
Evaa<br />
Plachka<br />
1)<br />
OS<br />
2)<br />
Ag<br />
3)<br />
SE<br />
1 , Jana Poslu usna<br />
SEVA Reseaarch<br />
and D<br />
gritec Plantt<br />
Research L<br />
ELGEN Corrp.,<br />
Breedin<br />
2 & Ivaana<br />
Macha<br />
Developmentt<br />
Ltd., Depa artment Opa ava, Czech RRepublic;<br />
Ltd., Šumpeerk,<br />
Czech Republic; R<br />
ng Station CChlumec<br />
nad d Cidlinou, Czech Repuublic<br />
Absstract:<br />
In <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
samples<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fuungi<br />
Leptosp phaeria spp p. and Sclerrotinia<br />
scler rotiorum<br />
werre<br />
isolated aand<br />
grown in pure cuultures<br />
on potato p dextr rose agar (PPDA).<br />
The isolates<br />
werre<br />
taken froom<br />
differen nt plant tisssues<br />
<strong>of</strong> win nter oilseed d rape (Braassica<br />
napu us). The<br />
Lepptosphaeria<br />
spp. isolates<br />
were takken<br />
from le eaves whils st sclerotia <strong>of</strong> S. scler rotiorum<br />
werre<br />
found inn<br />
<strong>the</strong> stems at harvestt.<br />
Samples come from m different sites. The type <strong>of</strong><br />
Lepptosphaeria<br />
spp. was detected uusing<br />
PCR and isolates<br />
were coonfirmed<br />
as a ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
L. mmaculans<br />
oor<br />
L. biglo obosa. In culture, di ifferences were obser erved for different d<br />
Scleerotinia<br />
isollates<br />
with re espect to myycelial<br />
grow wth rate and d <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong>f<br />
sclerotia th hat were<br />
formmed.<br />
Isolatees<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> th hree pathoggens<br />
will be e used in fi ield tests too<br />
monitor levels<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
resistance<br />
in diifferent<br />
cultivars<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilsseed<br />
rape an nd to evalua ate <strong>the</strong> efficacy<br />
<strong>of</strong> fung gicides.<br />
‐ 83 ‐<br />
ackova 3<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐09
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐110<br />
KILAA<br />
– <strong>the</strong> nnew<br />
proj ject on cclubroot<br />
and stem m cankerr<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilseed<br />
rape iin<br />
Polandd<br />
Malgorrzata<br />
Jedry<br />
Ewa Jaajor<br />
1<br />
Institu<br />
2<br />
Institu<br />
3<br />
Depar<br />
POLAN<br />
2 yczka<br />
, Janet<br />
ute <strong>of</strong> Plant<br />
ute <strong>of</strong> Plant<br />
rtment <strong>of</strong> Ge<br />
ND<br />
1 , Mar rek Korbas<br />
tta Nieman nn<br />
Genetics, P<br />
Protection<br />
enetics and<br />
3 s<br />
, Joanna<br />
Polish Acade<br />
– National<br />
Plant Breed<br />
2 , Andrzej j Wojciecho<br />
a Kaczmare ek<br />
emy <strong>of</strong> Scie<br />
Research In<br />
ding, Unive<br />
1 owski<br />
& Tom<br />
ences, Pozna<br />
nstitute, Poz<br />
ersity <strong>of</strong> Life<br />
3 , Jann<br />
Olejnicza<br />
asz Ksiazczzyk<br />
an POLAND<br />
znan, POLA<br />
e Sciences, P<br />
1<br />
ak<br />
D<br />
AND<br />
Poznan,<br />
1 ,<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The new project on clubroot andd<br />
stem canker<br />
<strong>of</strong> winter oilseed rappe<br />
commence ed in<br />
Poland iin<br />
autumn 20010.<br />
The pro oject will lastt<br />
for three ye ears and is funded fu by <strong>the</strong>e<br />
Polish Min nistry<br />
<strong>of</strong> Sciennce<br />
and Highher<br />
Education n. The main goal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project p is <strong>the</strong> search for re resistance sou urces<br />
to clubrroot<br />
and stemm<br />
canker in n selected mmutants<br />
<strong>of</strong> Brassica B nap pus and interrspecific<br />
hyb brids<br />
among t<strong>the</strong><br />
genus Braassica.<br />
Stem m canker, caused<br />
by Lepto osphaeria ma aculans, and d clubroot, ca aused<br />
by Plasmmodiophora<br />
brassicae, are<br />
diseases th that greatly reduce<br />
<strong>the</strong> yield<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilseedd<br />
rape in Poland;<br />
<strong>the</strong> formmer<br />
disease iis<br />
well established<br />
since <strong>the</strong> 1980’s, whereas <strong>the</strong> e latter is a nnew<br />
disease,<br />
fast<br />
expandinng<br />
in all reggions<br />
<strong>of</strong> inten nsive cultivaation<br />
<strong>of</strong> oilse eed rape. The<br />
research ai aims to determine<br />
<strong>the</strong> commposition<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population<br />
<strong>of</strong> P. braassicae,<br />
whic ch is not known<br />
in Polaand<br />
at all, an nd to<br />
monitor fur<strong>the</strong>r L. mmaculans;<br />
co omparing itss<br />
current population<br />
wit th <strong>the</strong> previoous<br />
findings s and<br />
recognizze<br />
newly emerging<br />
patho otypes or racees.<br />
So far, ov ver 50 sampl les <strong>of</strong> P. braassicae<br />
have been<br />
collectedd<br />
from nummerous<br />
geogr raphic regionns<br />
<strong>of</strong> Poland d, <strong>the</strong>se dem monstrate thaat<br />
clubroot is s not<br />
only preesent,<br />
but ubiquitous.<br />
The<br />
most prevaailing<br />
races <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pathog gen will be uused<br />
to study y <strong>the</strong><br />
resistancce<br />
<strong>of</strong> hybridss<br />
<strong>of</strong> B. napus<br />
x B. rapa aand<br />
B. napus s x B. juncea a as well as 32 mutants <strong>of</strong> B.<br />
napus wwith<br />
increaseed<br />
tocophero ols and decreeased<br />
amoun nts <strong>of</strong> indole e glucosinolaates.<br />
We pla an to<br />
check thhe<br />
usefulnesss<br />
<strong>of</strong> selected d molecular markers and d study what t genomes annd<br />
chromoso omes<br />
contain t<strong>the</strong><br />
detected resistance to o diseases, ussing<br />
GISH an nd FISH tech hniques.<br />
‐ 84 4 ‐
Stuudies<br />
onn<br />
<strong>the</strong> opt timal timming<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungicid de appliccation<br />
ag gainst<br />
scllerotinia<br />
stem ro ot in sout<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Po oland<br />
Anddrzej<br />
Brachhaczek<br />
1<br />
DuuPont<br />
Polan<br />
Gennetics,<br />
Poli<br />
3<br />
Institute<br />
<strong>of</strong> C<br />
Rd. 230031 Hef<br />
1 , Malgorzata M JJedryczka<br />
nd Ltd., Pow wązkowska<br />
ish Academ my <strong>of</strong> Scien<br />
Crop Resear rch, Anhui A<br />
efei, CHINA A<br />
2<br />
, Joanna Kaczmarek K<br />
44c, 01-79 91 Warsaw,<br />
nces, Strzes szyńska 34<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> f Agricultur<br />
2<br />
& Xiaoli Duan D<br />
2<br />
POLAND, Institute<br />
4, 60-470 PPoznan,<br />
PO<br />
ral Sciencess,<br />
40 South<br />
3<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant<br />
OLAND,<br />
Nongke<br />
Absstract:<br />
Sclerootinia<br />
stem rot r caused byy<br />
Sclerotinia a sclerotiorum<br />
is a majorr<br />
pathogen <strong>of</strong> o oilseed<br />
rapee<br />
(OSR) cauusing<br />
great decrease d in sseed<br />
yield. Sclerotia S <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> t fungus re reside in <strong>the</strong> soil and<br />
germminate<br />
to forrm<br />
apo<strong>the</strong>cia a, which <strong>the</strong>nn<br />
release airb borne ascospores.<br />
Sporess<br />
usually infe ect plants<br />
via ppetals,<br />
and aare<br />
later depo osited on leavves<br />
or stems s. Petals <strong>of</strong> OSR O are goodd<br />
sources <strong>of</strong> nutrition<br />
for t<strong>the</strong><br />
fungus. In Poland th he control o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> disease<br />
relies on application a o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> fungicide,<br />
but<br />
chooosing<br />
approppriate<br />
timing g <strong>of</strong> sprays aand<br />
working out <strong>the</strong> nece essity <strong>of</strong> treaatment<br />
based d on real<br />
leveels<br />
<strong>of</strong> primaryy<br />
inoculum is i still unsolvved.<br />
To address<br />
this prob blem a petal ttest<br />
using me edia with<br />
pH iindicators<br />
that<br />
change co olour when thhey<br />
are acidi ified with ox xalic acid - thhe<br />
main meta abolite <strong>of</strong><br />
S. scclerotiorum<br />
- has been im mplemented. The main ai im <strong>of</strong> this stu udy was to deetermine<br />
<strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong><br />
funggicide<br />
application<br />
in diffe erent times dduring<br />
flowe ering stage <strong>of</strong> f OSR and too<br />
compare th he results<br />
<strong>of</strong> ppetal<br />
contamiination<br />
with <strong>the</strong> subsequuent<br />
infection n <strong>of</strong> OSR pla ants. The exp xperiments were w done<br />
in twwo<br />
seasons: : 2009/2010 and 2010/2<strong>2011</strong>.<br />
The field f was sit tuated in GGlubczyce,<br />
lo ocated in<br />
sout<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Polandd.<br />
The winte er OSR hybbrid<br />
PR46W3 31 (Pioneer Hi-Bred) wwas<br />
tested. Fungicide F<br />
treattments<br />
weree<br />
done at weekly<br />
intervvals<br />
from lat te April to mid July, wwith<br />
Acanto SC 250<br />
conttaining<br />
250 g picoxystr robin per 1 L <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fun ngicide. The e stem cankker<br />
symptom ms before<br />
harvvest<br />
were evaaluated<br />
according<br />
to a sccale<br />
from 0 to t 9, where 0 was no vissible<br />
symptom ms and 9<br />
was a plant tottally<br />
damaged<br />
by <strong>the</strong> ddisease.<br />
Ea ach experim ment variant was also evaluated e<br />
accoording<br />
to <strong>the</strong>e<br />
following characters: c seeed<br />
yield at 90% <strong>of</strong> dry matter m conteent,<br />
mass <strong>of</strong> thousand<br />
seedds<br />
(MTS), <strong>the</strong>e<br />
percentage e <strong>of</strong> oil in seeeds,<br />
<strong>the</strong> conte ent <strong>of</strong> protein ns, <strong>the</strong> contennt<br />
<strong>of</strong> acid an nd neutral<br />
deteergent<br />
fiberss,<br />
<strong>the</strong> conte ent <strong>of</strong> five damaging glucosinolate<br />
g es: glucobraassinapin,<br />
pr rogoitrin,<br />
napooleiferin,<br />
gluucobrassicin<br />
n and 4-OHH<br />
glucobrass sicin. Each season <strong>the</strong> petals were e chosen<br />
randdomly<br />
from an untreated<br />
variant, siix<br />
times dur ring <strong>the</strong> flow wering stagee.<br />
Scoring <strong>of</strong> o fungal<br />
coloonies<br />
was done<br />
based on o media ddiscoloration<br />
followed by b sclerotia formation. Time <strong>of</strong><br />
funggicide<br />
appliccation<br />
had a statisticallly<br />
significan nt impact on n <strong>the</strong> effecttiveness<br />
<strong>of</strong> chemical<br />
prottection<br />
<strong>of</strong> OSSR<br />
against sc clerotinia steem<br />
rot. The highest h disea ase incidencee<br />
was observ ved in <strong>the</strong><br />
unspprayed<br />
variannt,<br />
with 25% % <strong>of</strong> infected plants in 201 10 and 50% in <strong>2011</strong>. Appplication<br />
<strong>of</strong> fungicide f<br />
reduuced<br />
disease incidence. The T percentaage<br />
<strong>of</strong> infect ted plants de epended on t<strong>the</strong><br />
time <strong>of</strong> fungicide f<br />
appllication.<br />
It raanged<br />
from 4% 4 (spray onn<br />
26 April) to t 12.7% (28 8 May) in 20010<br />
and from m 10% (4<br />
Mayy)<br />
to 27.3% (15 July) in <strong>2011</strong>. The ccomparison<br />
<strong>of</strong> o <strong>the</strong> availab bility <strong>of</strong> primmary<br />
inoculu um in <strong>the</strong><br />
air ( (up to 100% <strong>of</strong> petals in nfected with S. sclerotior rum) and <strong>the</strong> e subsequentt<br />
plant infect tion have<br />
demmonstrated<br />
thhat<br />
<strong>the</strong> infec ction <strong>of</strong> OSRR<br />
plants was s much sma aller that <strong>the</strong>e<br />
infection <strong>of</strong> o petals,<br />
indiccating<br />
that mmost<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> in nfected petals<br />
did not init tiate <strong>the</strong> dise ease. The prooportion<br />
<strong>of</strong> petals<br />
that<br />
startted<br />
<strong>the</strong> diseaase<br />
greatly depended d onn<br />
wea<strong>the</strong>r co onditions, ma ainly rainfalll<br />
and humid dity. This<br />
corrrelation<br />
was highly signi ificant, sugggesting<br />
that <strong>the</strong> t petal test<br />
supplemennted<br />
with a relatively r<br />
simpple<br />
analysis <strong>of</strong> rainfall may m serve ass<br />
a good tool l for predicti ing <strong>the</strong> inciddence<br />
and se everity <strong>of</strong><br />
Scleerotinia<br />
stemm<br />
rot <strong>of</strong> OSR R. Low percentages<br />
<strong>of</strong> infected<br />
plan nts due to eaarly<br />
fungicid de sprays<br />
sugggest<br />
that farmmers<br />
growin ng OSR in hhigh<br />
risk area as should pr rotect <strong>the</strong> plaants<br />
<strong>of</strong> OSR R at early<br />
flowwering<br />
stage.<br />
‐ 85 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐11
IOBC‐ICOCC<br />
Working Grouup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> 201 11,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong>n<br />
Germany<br />
Pp‐112<br />
Influeence<br />
<strong>of</strong> soil moisture<br />
annd<br />
tempe erature<br />
oilseedd<br />
rape wwith<br />
Plasm modiophoora<br />
brassicae<br />
Simonee<br />
Koch<br />
1<br />
Julius KKühn-Instittut,<br />
Federal l Research CCentre<br />
for Cultivated C Plants, P<br />
Institutee<br />
for Plant PProtection<br />
in i Field Croops<br />
and Gra assland, Me esseweg 11-12,<br />
D- 38104<br />
Braunscchweig,<br />
Gerrmany<br />
Abstracct:<br />
The effecct<br />
<strong>of</strong> soil mo<br />
oilseed rrape<br />
with <strong>the</strong>e<br />
soilborne pa<br />
greenhouuse<br />
conditionns.<br />
In both t<br />
under a consistent pHH-value<br />
<strong>of</strong> 5.<br />
spore suuspension<br />
(1 × 10<br />
variants (10, 15, 20<br />
holding capacity. In<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wwater<br />
holding<br />
daily. Inn<br />
both greenh<br />
roots <strong>of</strong> 25 plants wa<br />
temperatture<br />
variants<br />
from higgh<br />
to low te<br />
moisturee<br />
on <strong>the</strong> sever<br />
7 oisture and teemperature<br />
on o <strong>the</strong> effect tiveness <strong>of</strong> sspore<br />
infectio on <strong>of</strong><br />
athogen Plassmodiophora<br />
a brassicae was w studied inn<br />
two trials under u<br />
trials <strong>the</strong> rappe<br />
seed plant ts were culti ivated in a ssoil-sand-turf<br />
f mix<br />
.4. Ten days after sowing g <strong>the</strong> rape see ed was inocuulated<br />
with a 2 ml<br />
spores/ /ml) placed oon<br />
each root neck. n In <strong>the</strong> temperature t ttrial<br />
four diff ferent<br />
and 25°C) were adjuste ted at consis stent soil mo oisture <strong>of</strong> 1000%<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water w<br />
<strong>the</strong> soil mois sture trial thrree<br />
different variants were<br />
adjusted (1100,<br />
80 und 60 6 %<br />
g capacity) at t consistent teemperature<br />
<strong>of</strong> o 20°C. The e soil moistur ure was contr rolled<br />
house trials <strong>the</strong> t severity <strong>of</strong> typical sy ymptoms <strong>of</strong> P. brassicaee<br />
infection on n <strong>the</strong><br />
as visually ex xamined oncce<br />
a week. Disease D sympt toms could bbe<br />
observed in i all<br />
five weeks after inoculaation.<br />
The se everity <strong>of</strong> P. brassicae inf nfection decre eased<br />
emperature. The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secon nd trial indic cate a strongger<br />
effect <strong>of</strong> f soil<br />
rity <strong>of</strong> P. bra assicae infecttion<br />
than tem mperature.<br />
‐ 86 6 ‐<br />
on <strong>the</strong> iinfection<br />
n <strong>of</strong>
LList<br />
<strong>of</strong> Particcipants<br />
FFamily<br />
name<br />
AAbdel‐Rahman<br />
BBarker<br />
BBecker<br />
BBlock<br />
BBormann<br />
BBrandes<br />
BBüchs<br />
BBuuk<br />
CComberg<br />
CCook<br />
DDaniel<br />
DDiedrichsen<br />
DDöring<br />
First name<br />
Mohamed<br />
Alaa El‐Dein<br />
Ahmed<br />
Jaqueline<br />
Heiko<br />
Torsten<br />
Inga<br />
Haiko<br />
Wolfgang<br />
Christoph<br />
Christian<br />
Sam<br />
Claudia<br />
Elke<br />
Alexander<br />
email<br />
alaaa4@hotmail.com<br />
jackie.barker@roothamsted.ac.uk<br />
hbecker1@gwdgg.de<br />
torsten.block@ssyngenta.com<br />
Inga‐Bormann@web.de<br />
hbrande@gwdg. .de<br />
wolfgang.buechss@jki.bund.de<br />
cb@biotestlab.dde<br />
christian.comberrg@agr.uni‐<br />
goettingen.de<br />
sam.cook@rothaamsted.ac.uk<br />
claudia.daniel@ffibl.org<br />
elked@zedat.fu‐ ‐berlin.de<br />
adoerin1@gwdgg.de<br />
Address s<br />
Plant Pr rotection Researchh<br />
Institute, ARC, CCairo,<br />
Egypt<br />
Plant Sc ciences Department,<br />
Rothamsted RResearch,<br />
Harpend den,<br />
Hertford dshire, AL5 2JQ, UUK<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Breeding, von<br />
Sieboldt tstr. 8, 37075 Götttingen,<br />
Germany<br />
Technical<br />
Manager Insectticides<br />
/ Seed treaatments,<br />
Syngent ta Agro GmbH,<br />
Am Tech hnologiepark 1‐5, , 63477 Maintal<br />
Institut für Agrar‐und Ernnährungswissenscchaften,<br />
Martin‐ Lu<strong>the</strong>r‐ L<br />
Universität<br />
Halle ‐Wittenberg,<br />
Betty‐Heimann‐Str.3,<br />
06120 Halle (Saale)<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Breeding, von<br />
Sieboldt tstr. 8, 37075 Götttingen,<br />
Germany<br />
Julius Kü ühn Institute, Fedderal<br />
Research Cenntre<br />
for Cultivated<br />
Plants,<br />
Bundesa allee 50, 38116 Brraunschweig<br />
BTL Bio‐ ‐Test Labor GmbHH,<br />
Birkenallee 19, 18184 Sagerheide e, Germany<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
Plant an nd Invertebrate Eccology<br />
Departmennt,<br />
Rothamsted Research,<br />
Harpend den, Herts AL5 2JJQ,<br />
UK<br />
Researc ch Institute <strong>of</strong> Orgganic<br />
Agriculture FFiBL,<br />
Entomology, , Ackerstrasse,<br />
5070 Frick,<br />
Switzerland<br />
Departm ment <strong>of</strong> Applied GGenetics,<br />
Freie Universität<br />
Berlin, Albrecht‐Thaer‐<br />
A<br />
Weg 6, D‐14195 Berlin, GGermany<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
‐ 87 ‐<br />
IOOBC‐ICOC<br />
Working Gr roup <strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong> G Germany
IOOBC‐ICOC<br />
Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>1,<br />
G<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germanyy<br />
FFamily<br />
name<br />
DDugravot<br />
EEickermann<br />
EEkbom<br />
EEken<br />
EEster<br />
EEvans<br />
FFerguson<br />
FFrank<br />
GGertz<br />
GGloyna<br />
GGrzesiek<br />
HHearn<br />
HHeitefuß<br />
HHenze<br />
HHervé<br />
First name<br />
Sébastien<br />
Michael<br />
Barbara<br />
Cafer<br />
Albert<br />
Neal<br />
Andrew<br />
Thomas<br />
Andreas<br />
Kai<br />
Jerzy<br />
Kathryn<br />
Rudolph<br />
Matthias<br />
Maxime<br />
email<br />
Address s<br />
sebastien.dugravvot@univ‐rennes1.fr<br />
Maître de d Conférences, UUMR<br />
1099 BiO3P, Ecobiologie des Insectes I<br />
Parasito oïdes, Université dde<br />
Rennes 1, Cammpus<br />
Beaulieu, 350 042 Rennes<br />
cedex, France F<br />
eickerma@lippmmann.lu<br />
Centre de d Recherche Pubblic<br />
‐ Gabriel Lippmmann,<br />
41 rue du Brill, B L‐4422<br />
Belvaux,<br />
Luxembourg<br />
barbara.ekbom@@slu.se<br />
Departm ment <strong>of</strong> Ecology, SSwedish<br />
Universitty<br />
<strong>of</strong> Agricultural Sciences, S Box<br />
7044, 75 50 07 Uppsala, Swweden<br />
cafereken@hotmmail.com<br />
Faculty <strong>of</strong> Engineering, Ardahan<br />
Universityy,<br />
75000 Ardahan,<br />
Turkey<br />
a.ester@tele2.nll<br />
Beukenh<strong>of</strong><br />
256, 8212EE LLelystad,<br />
The Nethherlands<br />
nevans@wea<strong>the</strong>erinnovations.comm<br />
Wea<strong>the</strong> er INnovations Inccorporated,<br />
75 Higgh<br />
Street North, Stewkley, S LU7<br />
0EZ, UK<br />
andrew.fergusonn@rothamsted.acc.uk<br />
Plant an nd Invertebrate Eccology<br />
Departmennt,<br />
Rothamsted Research,<br />
Harpend den, Herts AL5 2JJQ,<br />
UK<br />
thomas.frank@bboku.ac.at<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Natural Resources<br />
and Life Scciences,<br />
Departm ment <strong>of</strong><br />
Integrat tive Biology and BBiodiversity<br />
Research,<br />
Institute <strong>of</strong> Zoology, Z Gregor<br />
Mendel‐Straße<br />
33, A‐11880<br />
Vienna, Austriaa<br />
andreas.gertz@kkws.com<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> f Breeding Oilseedd<br />
Rape, KWS SAATT<br />
AG, Grimsehlstr.<br />
31, 37574<br />
Einbeck,<br />
Germany<br />
kai.gloyna@biotestlab.de<br />
BTL Bio‐ ‐Test Labor GmbHH,<br />
Birkenallee 19, 18184 Sagerheide e, Germany<br />
jerzy.grzesiek@ssyngenta.com<br />
Syngent ta Crop Protectionn,<br />
ul. Powązkowskka<br />
44c, 01‐797 Warsaw,<br />
Poland<br />
kathryn.hearn@syngenta.com<br />
Field Bio ologist, Syngenta Crop Protection UUK<br />
Ltd, CPC4 Capi ital Park,<br />
Fulbourn,<br />
Cambridge, CB21<br />
5XE, UK<br />
rheitef@gwdg.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
Henze@spiess‐uurania.com<br />
Spiess‐U Urania Chemicals GmbH, Business DDevelopment,<br />
Ma arketing<br />
Agriculture,<br />
Frankestrasse<br />
18b, 20097 Hammburg,<br />
Germany<br />
mx.herve@gmaiil.com<br />
UMR 10 099 INRA ‐ Agrocampus<br />
Ouest ‐ Université<br />
Rennes 1 BiO3P, Build.<br />
25, 4th floor, f Campus de Beaulieu, Avenuee<br />
du Général Lecle erc, 35042<br />
‐ 88 ‐
FFamily<br />
name<br />
HHöch<br />
HHuang<br />
Jeedryczka<br />
Joohnen<br />
KKaasik<br />
KKaiser<br />
KKeunecke<br />
KKlukowski<br />
KKnüfer<br />
KKoch<br />
KKoopmann<br />
KKösterke<br />
KKovács<br />
KKreye<br />
First name<br />
Kerstin<br />
Yong‐Ju<br />
Malgorzata<br />
Andreas<br />
Riina<br />
Caroline<br />
Harald<br />
Zdzislaw<br />
Jessica<br />
Patrick<br />
Birger<br />
Heike<br />
Gabriella<br />
Holger<br />
email<br />
Address s<br />
Rennes Cedex, France<br />
khoech@gwdg.dde<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
y.huang8@hertss.ac.uk<br />
School <strong>of</strong> o Life Sciences, UUniversity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Hertffordshire,<br />
College Lane, Hatfield,<br />
Hertford dshire, AL10 9AB UK, Tel: +44 (0)17707<br />
284968, E‐ma ail:<br />
y.huang g8@herts.ac.uk<br />
malgosia_jedryczka@poczta.onett.pl<br />
Laboratory<br />
<strong>of</strong> Resistance Genetics, Institutte<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plant Geneti ics, Polish<br />
Academ my <strong>of</strong> Sciences, Strrzeszynska<br />
34, 60‐ ‐479 Poznan, Pola and<br />
a.johnen@proplant.de<br />
proPlant<br />
GmbH,Albrecht‐ ‐Thaer‐Str. 34, 488147<br />
Münster, Germany<br />
riina.kaasik@emmu.ee<br />
Institute e <strong>of</strong> Agricultural aand<br />
Environmentaal<br />
Sciences, Estoni ian University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Life Sciences,. S Kreutzwwaldi<br />
1, 51014 Tarrtu,<br />
Estonia<br />
caroline.kaiser@@student.uni‐hallee.de<br />
harald.keuneckee@kws.com<br />
KWS SAAT<br />
AG, Grimsehlsstr.<br />
31, 37574 Einbbeck,<br />
Germany<br />
zdzislaw.klukowsski@up.wroc.pl<br />
Wrocław w University <strong>of</strong> Ennvironmental<br />
and Life Sciences, Department<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Crop Pro otection, 50‐363 WWrocław,<br />
pl. Grunnwaldzki<br />
24a, Pola and<br />
Jessica.Knuefer@@agr.uni‐goettinggen.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
patrick.koch@stud.uni‐goettingenn.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
bkoopma@gwdgg.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
hkoeste@gwdg.dde<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
gabriella@emu.eee<br />
Institute e <strong>of</strong> Agricultural aand<br />
Environmentaal<br />
Sciences, Estoni ian University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Life Sciences,. S Kreutzwwaldi<br />
1, 51014 Tarrtu,<br />
Estonia<br />
holger.kreye@lwwk‐niedersachsen.de<br />
Leiter Fa achgruppe Pflanzee,<br />
Bezirksstelle Brraunschweig,<br />
Hele ene‐Künne‐<br />
Allee 5, 38122 Braunschwweig,<br />
Germayn, Poostfach<br />
6766, 380 058<br />
Braunsc chweig<br />
‐ 89 ‐<br />
IOOBC‐ICOC<br />
Working Gr roup <strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong> G Germany
IOOBC‐ICOC<br />
Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>1,<br />
G<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germanyy<br />
FFamily<br />
name<br />
KKuske<br />
LLeis<br />
LLerenius<br />
LLopisso<br />
LLüders<br />
LLudwig<br />
MMathiasen<br />
MMeijer<br />
MMüller<br />
NNordmeyer<br />
OO´Rourke<br />
First name<br />
Stefan<br />
Gunter<br />
Cecilia<br />
Daniel<br />
Wolfgang<br />
Thomas<br />
Helle<br />
Johan<br />
Andreas<br />
Dieter<br />
Erin<br />
email<br />
Address s<br />
stefan.kuske@arrt.admin.ch<br />
Agrosco ope Reckenholz‐Täänikon<br />
Research SStation<br />
ART, Reck kenholzstrasse<br />
191 804 46 Zürich Switzerlaand<br />
gunter.leis@limaagrain.com<br />
Limagra ain Verneuil Holdinng<br />
Ferme de l'Etang<br />
BP 3 77390, Verneuil<br />
l'Etang,<br />
France<br />
Cecilia.Lerenius@@jordbruksverkett.se<br />
Swedish h Board <strong>of</strong> Agriculture,<br />
Plant Protecction<br />
Center, Box 224, SE 532 23<br />
Skara, Sweden<br />
daniel.lopisso@aagr.uni‐goettingen.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
wolfgang.lueders@jki.bund.de<br />
Julius Kü ühn‐Institut (JKI) FFederal<br />
Research Centre for Cultiva ated Plants,<br />
Institute e for Resistance RResearch<br />
and Stresss<br />
Tolerance, Erw win‐Baur‐Str. 27,<br />
D‐06484 4 Quedlinburg, Geermany<br />
Tobias.Ludwig@jki.bund.de<br />
Julius Kü ühn‐Institute (JKI) ), Federal Researcch<br />
Centre for Cultivated<br />
Plants,<br />
Plant Pr rotection in Field CCrops<br />
and Grasslaand,<br />
Stahnsdorfer r Damm 81,<br />
14532 Kleinmachnow, K<br />
Geermany<br />
hellem@life.ku.ddk<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Copenhagenn,<br />
Faculty <strong>of</strong> Life SSciences,<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> f Agriculture<br />
and Eco ology, Zoology Grooup,<br />
Thorvaldsenssvej<br />
40, DK‐1871 Frederiksberg<br />
F<br />
C, Denm mark<br />
johan.meijer@slu.se<br />
Uppsala a BioCenter. Deptaaertment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Plantt<br />
Biology and Fore est Genetics,<br />
The Swe edish University <strong>of</strong>f<br />
Agricultural Scieences<br />
(SLU), PO Bo ox 7080, SE‐750<br />
07 Upps sala, Sweden<br />
andreas.mueller@jki.bund.de<br />
Julius Kü ühn‐Institute (JKI) ), Federal Researcch<br />
Centre for Cultivated<br />
Plants,<br />
Plant Pr rotection in Field CCrops<br />
and Grasslaand,<br />
Messeweg 11 1‐12, 38104<br />
Braunsc chweig, Germany<br />
dieter.nordmeyeer@syngenta.comm<br />
Syngent ta Agro GmbH, Amm<br />
Technologieparrk<br />
1‐5, 63477 Maintal,<br />
Germany,<br />
+49 618 81 9081‐293<br />
108223226@ummail.ucc.ie<br />
School <strong>of</strong> o Biological, Environmental<br />
& Eartth<br />
Sciences,University<br />
College<br />
Cork, Distillery<br />
Fields, North<br />
Mall, Cork, Ireeland<br />
‐ 90 ‐
FFamily<br />
name<br />
OOnaga<br />
PParker<br />
PPenaud<br />
PPinochet<br />
PPlachka<br />
PPoslušná<br />
RRacca<br />
RRahlves<br />
RReinhardt<br />
RRobert<br />
SSchlang<br />
SSiebold<br />
SSigsgaard<br />
First name<br />
Ge<strong>of</strong>frey<br />
Steven<br />
Annette<br />
Xavier<br />
Eva<br />
Jana<br />
Paolo<br />
Andreas<br />
Antje<br />
Céline<br />
Norbert<br />
Magdalena<br />
Lene<br />
email<br />
Address s<br />
ge<strong>of</strong>frey.onaga@@agr.uni‐goettinggen.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
Steve.Parker@SYYNGENTA.COM<br />
Syngent ta Crop Protectionn<br />
UK, CPC4, Capitaal<br />
Park, Fulbourn, , Cambridge<br />
CB21 5X XE, UK<br />
penaud@cetiomm.fr<br />
CETIOM M, Centre de Grignnon,<br />
Campus AgrooParisTech,<br />
Avenu ue, Lucien<br />
Brétignières,<br />
78850 Thiveerval<br />
Grignon, Fraance<br />
pinochet@cetiomm.fr<br />
CETIOM M Direction Scientiifique,<br />
Génétique Protection des cu ultures,<br />
UMT"Pivert"<br />
CETIOM/Arvvalis/INRA/AgroParisTech,<br />
Campus s INRA Agro<br />
ParisTec ch, BP4, 78850 Thhiveral<br />
Grignon, Frrance<br />
plachka@oseva. cz<br />
OSEVA Development D<br />
andd<br />
Research Ltd., DDepartment<br />
Opava a, Purkynova<br />
10, Opava,<br />
746 01, Czechh<br />
Republic<br />
poslusna@agriteec.cz<br />
AGRITEC C, Research, Breeding<br />
& Services Lttd.,<br />
Šumperk, Dep partment <strong>of</strong><br />
Plant Pr rotection, Czech RRepublic<br />
racca@zepp.infoo<br />
Zentrals stelle der Länder ffür<br />
EDV‐gestütztee<br />
Entscheidungshilfen<br />
und<br />
Program mme im Pflanzensschutz<br />
(ZEPP), Rüddesheimer<br />
Strasse e 60‐68, 55545<br />
Bad Kreuznach,<br />
Germanyy<br />
Andiy.Rahlves@wweb.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
areinha3@gwdgg.de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
robert@cetiom.ffr<br />
CETIOM M, Avenue Lucien BBretignières,<br />
788550<br />
Thiverval‐Grign non, France<br />
Norbert.Schlang@@deu.dupont.com<br />
Du Pont t de Nemours (Deeutschland)<br />
GmbHH,<br />
CPP Germany, Austria A and<br />
Switzerland,<br />
Hugenottenallee<br />
173‐175, D‐ 63263 Neu‐Isenburg,<br />
Germany<br />
magdalena.sieboold@agr.uni‐<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
goettingen.de<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
les@life.ku.dk<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Copenhagenn,<br />
Faculty <strong>of</strong> Life SSciences,<br />
Dept. <strong>of</strong> f Agriculture<br />
and Eco ology, Zoology Grooup,<br />
Thorvaldsenssvej<br />
40, DK‐1871 Frederiksberg<br />
F<br />
‐ 91 ‐<br />
IOOBC‐ICOC<br />
Working Gr roup <strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong> G Germany
IOOBC‐ICOC<br />
Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>1,<br />
G<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germanyy<br />
FFamily<br />
name<br />
SSpecht<br />
SStahlmann<br />
SStraka<br />
TTschöpe<br />
UUlber<br />
VValantin‐<br />
MMorison<br />
VVeromann<br />
VVolkmar<br />
vvon<br />
Richth<strong>of</strong>en<br />
vvon<br />
TTiedemann<br />
WWinter<br />
WWulf<br />
YYoung<br />
First name<br />
Manuela<br />
Helge<br />
Josef<br />
Beate<br />
Bernd<br />
Muriel<br />
Eve<br />
Christa<br />
Sophie<br />
Andreas<br />
Mark<br />
Tobias<br />
Caroline<br />
email<br />
m.specht@baueernverband.net<br />
Address s<br />
C, Denm mark<br />
UFOP e. . V., Claire‐Wald<strong>of</strong>f‐Straße<br />
7, 101177<br />
Berlin, Germany y<br />
hstahlm@gwdg. de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
josef.straka@biool.lu.se<br />
Lund Un niversity, Departmment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Biology, Ecology<br />
Building, Sölvegatan S 37,<br />
S‐223 62 2 Lund, Sweden<br />
tschoepe@zepp.info<br />
Zentrals stelle der Länder ffür<br />
EDV‐gestütztee<br />
Entscheidungshilfen<br />
und<br />
Program mme im Pflanzensschutz<br />
(ZEPP), Rüddesheimer<br />
Strasse e 60‐68, 55545<br />
Bad Kreuznach,<br />
Germanyy<br />
bulber@gwdg.dee<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
muriel.morison@@grignon.inra.fr<br />
UMR 21 11 Agronomie, INRRA‐Agro<br />
Paris Tecch,<br />
78 850 Thiverv val‐Grignon,<br />
France<br />
eve.veromann@@emu.ee<br />
Institute e <strong>of</strong> Agricultural aand<br />
Environmentaal<br />
Sciences, Estoni ian University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Life Sciences,. S Kreutzwwaldi<br />
1, 51014 Tarrtu,<br />
Estonia<br />
christa.volkmar@@landw.uni‐halle.<br />
.de Institut für Agrar‐und Ernnährungswissenscchaften,<br />
Martin‐ Lu<strong>the</strong>r‐ L<br />
Universität<br />
Halle ‐Wittenberg,<br />
Betty‐Heimann‐Str.3,<br />
06120 Halle (Saale)<br />
j‐s.richth<strong>of</strong>en@pproPlant.de<br />
proPlant<br />
GmbH,Albrecht‐ ‐Thaer‐Str. 34, 488147<br />
Münster, Germany<br />
atiedem@gwdg. .de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
mwinter@gwdg. .de<br />
University<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Göttingen</strong>, DDepartment<br />
<strong>of</strong> Crrop<br />
Sciences, Plan nt Pathology<br />
and Crop<br />
Protection Divission,<br />
Grisebachstrr.<br />
6, 37077 Göttin ngen, Germany<br />
tobias.wulf@piooneer.com<br />
Canola Research R Scientistt,<br />
Pioneer Hi‐Bredd<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Europe,<br />
Service<br />
Division GmbH, Canola Research<br />
Center, WWulfshagen<br />
2, D ‐ 24214<br />
Tüttend dorf, Germany<br />
Caroline.Young@@adas.co.uk<br />
ADAS UK<br />
Ltd, ADAS Draytton,<br />
Defra Draytoon,<br />
Alcester Rd, Stratford<br />
upon<br />
Avon, Warwickshire, W<br />
CV337<br />
9RQ<br />
‐ 92 ‐
Venue<br />
Information<br />
Aerrial<br />
view o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> North Campuus<br />
‐ 93 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOOC<br />
Working Grroup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Map o<strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> Norrth<br />
Campu us (Bus stoops<br />
and lo ocation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> venue)<br />
‐ 94 4 ‐
Maap<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> IOBC‐ICOC venue<br />
‐ 95 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOOC<br />
Working Grroup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Map o<strong>of</strong><br />
bus linees<br />
in Göttin ngen<br />
‐ 96 ‐
Buss<br />
time tabbles<br />
Fasst<br />
transferr<br />
using Line 51<br />
‐ 97 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOOC<br />
Working Grroup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Bus traansfer<br />
usiing<br />
Line 5 ‐ Approaaching<br />
<strong>the</strong> e Venue<br />
‐ 98 8 ‐
‐ 99 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOOC<br />
Working Grroup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Bus traansfer<br />
usiing<br />
Line 5 ‐ Leavingg<br />
<strong>the</strong> Venu ue<br />
‐ 100 0 ‐
‐ 101 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
IOBC‐ICOOC<br />
Working Grroup<br />
<strong>Meeting</strong> <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany<br />
Internnet<br />
Accesss<br />
Point<br />
Experiiencing<br />
anny<br />
problem m?<br />
Please coontact<br />
Tom OOesterreich,<br />
Ro oom 11<br />
(ground ffloor,<br />
upstairss<br />
from baseme ent level !!!<br />
keep righht<br />
to <strong>the</strong> Interrnet<br />
Access Po oint)<br />
‐ 102 ‐
Maap<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CCity<br />
Cente er<br />
Meeeting<br />
poinnt<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> guided g citty<br />
tour<br />
Meeeting<br />
point wwill<br />
be <strong>the</strong> Old<br />
Town Hall (3) in <strong>the</strong> cit ty center. The<br />
tour will sttart<br />
at 18:00.<br />
The<br />
tourr<br />
will last aboout<br />
one and a half hour.<br />
Loccation<br />
<strong>of</strong> t<strong>the</strong><br />
Confer rence Dinnner<br />
The Conferencee<br />
Dinner will<br />
be hosted in <strong>the</strong> restaurant<br />
La Lo ocanda, whiich<br />
is locate ed in <strong>the</strong><br />
Reinnhäuser<br />
Landdstraße<br />
22, close c to <strong>the</strong> TTown<br />
Hall. Th he dinner will<br />
start at 200:00.<br />
‐ 103 ‐<br />
IOBC‐ICOC Wo Working Group <strong>Meeting</strong> M <strong>2011</strong>,<br />
<strong>Göttingen</strong><br />
Germany
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