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Final Site Information Package for National Remedy Review Board ...

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7. Remedial Action Objectives and<br />

Remediation Goals<br />

Remedial action objectives (RAOs) and general response actions (GRAs) <strong>for</strong> the Upper Basin<br />

are presented in this section. Section 300.430(e)(2)(i) of the NCP specifies that RAOs be<br />

developed to address COCs, media of concern, potential exposure pathways and<br />

remediation goals. The RAOs that were developed <strong>for</strong> the FFS Report (USEPA, 2010) are<br />

presented below. The RAOs provide a basis <strong>for</strong> evaluating the capability of the response<br />

actions to achieve compliance with potential ARARs or an intended level of risk protection.<br />

Examples of GRAs considered in the FFS Report <strong>for</strong> human health and ecological protection<br />

include containment, treatment, removal, and disposal and are presented with the RAOs<br />

below.<br />

Human Health<br />

Subject Remedial Action Objective(s)<br />

Soil/Sediments/Source<br />

Material<br />

Reduce human exposure to soil, sediments, and<br />

source material, including residential garden soil, that<br />

have concentrations of COCs greater than selected<br />

risk-based levels <strong>for</strong> soil.<br />

Surface Water Restore surface water designated as beneficial use<br />

<strong>for</strong> drinking water to meet drinking water and water<br />

quality standards.<br />

Prevent ingestion of surface water used as drinking<br />

water and containing COCs exceeding drinking water<br />

standards and associated risk-based levels <strong>for</strong><br />

drinking water.<br />

Groundwater and Surface<br />

Water as Drinking Water<br />

Prevent discharge of seeps, springs, and leachate<br />

that would cause surface water to exceed drinking<br />

water and water quality standards.<br />

Prevent human ingestion of groundwater withdrawn<br />

or diverted from a private, unregulated source, used<br />

as drinking water, and containing COCs exceeding<br />

drinking water standards and associated risk-based<br />

levels.<br />

Aquatic Food Sources Reduce human exposure to unacceptable levels of<br />

COCs via ingestion of aquatic foods (e.g., fish and<br />

waterfowl)<br />

General Response<br />

Action(s)<br />

Containment<br />

Removal<br />

Disposal<br />

Source Control<br />

Hydraulic Isolation<br />

Treatment<br />

Removal <strong>for</strong> Treatment<br />

Source Control<br />

Hydraulic Isolation<br />

Containment<br />

Withdrawal Prohibitions<br />

(Institutional Controls)<br />

Source Control<br />

B7-1

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