SITE INFORMATION PACKAGE FOR NATIONAL REMEDY REVIEW BOARD PART B, SECTION 4: SITE CHARACTERISTICS • Large loads of particulate total lead are transported through the Upper Basin primarily during high-water events, creating toxic sediment deposits along the SFCDR and its tributaries. • Groundwater in three major aquifers (Woodland Park, Osburn Flats, and OU 2) is severely affected and contributes to surface water contamination. There is a moratorium on domestic use of these aquifers because of contamination. B4-9
5. Current and Potential Future <strong>Site</strong> and Resource Uses 5.1 Current Land Uses The Upper Basin of the Coeur d’Alene River is located primarily in Shoshone County in the Panhandle of northern Idaho (Figure A-1). A small area in the Pine Creek headwaters is located in Kootenai and Benewah counties. Much of the land is under federal management as <strong>National</strong> Forest (including the Clearwater, Coeur d’Alene, and St. Joe <strong>National</strong> Forests). Land uses are a mix of residential, commercial, agriculture, mining, <strong>for</strong>estry, and recreation. All of the cities in the Upper Basin are located within Shoshone County (pop. 12,913 [U.S. Census Bureau, 2008]). The majority of these residents live in communities located along the SFCDR, including Kingston, Pinehurst, Smelterville, Kellogg, Wardner, Osburn, Wallace, and Mullan. Table B5-1 shows the population numbers where available <strong>for</strong> these communities. The undeveloped areas of the Upper Basin include upland <strong>for</strong>ests and lowland floodplains with riverine and riparian areas and wetlands. The SFCDR has been channelized along much of this reach by railroad and roads (Stratus, 2000; USEPA, 2001c, 2001d), but its numerous streams still provide abundant recreational opportunities. In 2002, a project to convert a railroad right-of-way to a recreational trail system was completed. The Trail of the Coeur d’Alenes follows the Union Pacific Railroad’s 72-mile right-of-way from Mullan to Plummer near the border with the State of Washington. In the headwater and tributary areas, predominant land uses include mining, mineral processing, and <strong>for</strong>estry with some urban and residential development. The narrow tributary canyons are populated by small communities, dispersed residences, and roads that cross or border streams. The quality of these habitats and their ability to support natural populations of flora and fauna have been impacted to varying degrees by historical mining activity in the Coeur d’Alene Basin. 5.2 Anticipated Future Land Uses Future land uses in the Upper Basin are anticipated to be similar to the current land uses. Although population levels in the Basin have declined in recent years, the city of Coeur d’Alene has experienced substantial population growth, and it is possible that this population could expand into the Upper Basin. Communities within the Upper Basin, Kellogg in particular, are working to attract tourists <strong>for</strong> recreational activities such as skiing and biking, and historical activities like mining museums and mine tours. A recent development is the residential community of Galena Ridge, which is composed of homesites, condominiums, and other multi-family units built around an 18-hole golf course and recreational walking and biking trails, including the Trail of the Coeur d’Alenes. B5-1