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Aetiology and Epidemiology of Sever Infantile Diarrhoea in Baghdad, Iraq 362 Hill, England). E. coli colonies were also screened for enterotoxin production. Heat-labile toxin (LT) was detected by the Biken method [23] using immunodiffusion assay. C- Quality controls for laboratory investigation Two sets of Quality-control specimens were set up each month by mixing a known quantity of bacterial cells of Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter with an autoclaved stool specimen to give concentrations in the range of 10 2 to 10 6 per gram of stool. One set was transported to the wards and returned via the normal specimen delivery procedures. The remaining set was immediately processed for bacterial culture. D-Detection of Rotavirus Stool specimens were also examined for rotavirus antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A 10% suspension of each stool sample was made in phosphate-buffered saline and the presence of rotavirus antigens was detected by ELISA kits provided by Word Health Organization. Samples were examined in duplicate and positive specimens were confirmed by ELISA-blocking assay using hyper-immune rotavirus antiserum as described by Beards and others[24]. Blood culture was done when it was possible One hundred stool specimens were collected from children under 2 years of age admitted to the hospital for other illnesses and were used as control group, these specimens were tested for the presence of entropathogens provided that they did not show diarrhoea two weeks before and another week after taking the specimens for examination. ORT (WHO formula-Table 1) 100ml/Kg/4h was given for rehydration in which breast milk or diluted milk formula was administered alternatively with ORT until diarrhoea diminished. Antimicrobial agents were given to patients with Shigella, Campylobacter and parasitic infestation. The evaluation of the clinical picture in general, and the state of hydration in particular, was done every 4 hours in the first 24 hours, and then less frequently after that. Results The present study reveals that 68(34%) of the admitted cases were severely dehydrated and the rest 132(66%) were moderately dehydrated according to the WHO & MMWR [19, 25] classification. The group studies was composed of 108(51%) male and 92(49) female. Seasonal incidence: 44% of the cases were occurred during summer and the lowest rate was in winter (14.5%) as was shown in Figure (1)
363 E. N. Al-kaissi, M. Makki and M. Al- Khoja percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 14.5 Winter Figure 1: seasonal incidence 16.5 Autumn 44 Summer 25 Spring Column 1 Age incidence: about 76.5% of the cases were occurred in children under one year, and 23.5%of the cases occurred in children with 1-2years of age (Figure 2). Percentage 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 Figure 2: Age incidence in months 30.5 45 23.5 1 M 1-6 M 7 - 12 M 13 - 24 M Methods of feeding were shown in Table (3) & Figure (3). Column 1
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A Comparative Analysis of Gibberell
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Research of the Characteristics of
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428 Nooritawati Md Tahir, Aini Huss
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436 Rahman G.A, Alabi.B.S, Afolabi.
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438 Rahman G.A, Alabi.B.S, Afolabi.
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Health Impact Assessement of Multin
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Development of Organic Carbon Seque
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