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332 Amin Yazdanpanah Goharrizi and Mehdi Semin References [1] G. Chen and J.L. Moiola, "An overview of bifurcation, chaos, and nonlinear dynamics in nonlinear system", J. Franklin Inst., 331B, pp. 819-858, 1994. [2] M. J. Ogorzalek, "Taming chaos, Part two: Control", IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, vol. 40, pp. 700-706, 1993. [3] G. Chen and X. Done, "From Chaos to Order: Methodologies, Perspectives and Applications", World Scientific, Singapore, 1998. [4] E. Ott, C. Grebogi and J. A. York, "Controlling chaos ", Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 64, pp. 1196- 1199, 1990. [5] A.L. Fradkov and A.Y. Pogromsky, "Introduction to control of oscillations and chaos", World Scientific, Singapore, 1998. [6] D. Lai, and G. Chen, "Computing the distribution of Lyapunov exponent from time series: The one-dimensional case study", Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos, pp. 1721-1726, 1995. [7] G. Benettin, L. Galgani, A. Giorgilli and J. M. Strelcyn, "Lyapunov characteristic exponents for smooth dynamical systems and for Hamiltonian system: A method for computing all of them", Part I & II, Meccanica 15: 9-30, 1980. [8] O. Morgul, " Model based anticontrol of discrete time systems". IEEE conference on Decision and Control, Maui, Hawaii USA, December 2003. [9] A. Yazdanpanah and A. Khaki-Sedigh, "Adaptive Control of Chaos in Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems Using Time-Delayed Sate Feedback," accepted for publication in IEEE Conference of Physics and Control, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2005. [10] A. Khaki-Sedigh, M. Ataei, B. Lohmann, and C. Lucas,"Adaptive calculation of Lyapunov exponents from time series observastion of chaotic time varying dynamical systems", Int. Journal of Nonlinear Phenomena, vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 842-851, 2003. [11] A. Yazdanpanah and A. Khaki-Sedigh, "Adaptive Control of Chaos in Nonlinear Chaotic Discrete-Time Systems," accepted for publication in IEEE Conference of Physics and Control, St. Petersburg, Russia, 2005. [12] F. Hubertus, E. U. Firdaus, P. Wlodek, "An efficient QR based method for the computation of Lyapunov exponents", Elsevier Science, pp. 1-16, 1997. [13] Astrom, J. K., & Wittenmark, B., "Adaptive Control, Addision-Wesley", Second edition Sin, 1995.
European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.14 No.3 (2006), pp. 333-338 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Investigation of Complex Formation PDTC with Ni(II) in Physiological Conditions S. J. Fatemi Department of Chemistry Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran A. Badiei School of chemistry, University College of Science University of Tehran, Iran E-mail: abadiei@khayam.ut.ac.ir A. Hooshmand Department of Chemistry Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran Abstract Complex formation of nickel(II) ion with PDTC, which contains thio donor atoms, was investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy. PDTC can be an oral chelator with pKa= 3.300±0.002. It behaves as a bidentate ligand at serum pH. The effect of pH on Ni 2+ -PDTC indicated that the maximum adsorption was at pH=7.4. The effective Ni-PDTC binding constant was determined (logk=11.1±0.1) for the 1:2 Ni(PDTC)2 complex using UV-vis spectra. Keyword: pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, PDTC, Job's methods. Introduction The uses for dithiocarbamates are many, from insecticides and fungicides [1] to therapeutic agents for alcoholism and metal intoxication [2]. Their applications to treat acquired immune depressive syndrome and cancer have also been proposed [3]. Dithiocarbamates have also been used experimentally for redox-related cell death [4]. Their mechanism of action is mainly as that of an antioxidant with the additional affects of a metal chelator [4] and superoxide dismutase inhibitor [5]. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is stable pyrrolidine derivative of dithiocarbamates. PDTC contains two thiol moieties and is thus generally recognized as an antioxidant [6]. However, Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a metal-chelating compound that exerts prooxidant or antioxidant effects and is widely used to study redox regulation of cell function [7]. Nickel has adverse biological effects that have cast uncertainty on its safety for use in the body [8]. Nickel ions are also toxic in vitro and invivo, [9,10] and can be extremely toxic in some forms such as nickel carbonyl. Furthermore, some forms of nickel, such as nickel sulfide, are documented carcinogens, although the mechanism of this carcinogenicity is thought to relate ultimately to the release of nickel ions intracellularly [9-12].
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