European Journal of Scientific Research - EuroJournals
European Journal of Scientific Research - EuroJournals
European Journal of Scientific Research - EuroJournals
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445 Ewhrudjakpor, Christian<br />
This statement is a fact <strong>of</strong> the health conditions <strong>of</strong> the Niger-Delta people. Infact, among the<br />
peoples <strong>of</strong> this region <strong>of</strong> Nigeria, they have a belief that, “dirts don’t kill the Blackman”. This<br />
corroborates other studies (Jike, 2004, and Okaba 2005; Afolabi, 2005).<br />
Table II and III is an assessment <strong>of</strong> the impact <strong>of</strong> oil exploration on health <strong>of</strong> inhabitants <strong>of</strong> host<br />
communities. The data from 500 male and female participants was analysed using the inferential<br />
statistical technique <strong>of</strong> chi-square (X 2 ). The result (X 2 (1) = 3.87, P < .05) confirmed the study’s<br />
objective <strong>of</strong> negative impact on health conditions by the oil corporations’ exploration activities. This<br />
result supports (Benike, 2002; Ogege; 2002, and Atumah 2005) studies, in assessing the environmental<br />
impact <strong>of</strong> oil exploration activities.<br />
Situating this result in the global context <strong>of</strong> the expectations governing oil explorations by<br />
multinationals will be the best measure to standardized the degree <strong>of</strong> health degradation and<br />
deprivation the people <strong>of</strong> this region are suffering consistently since the first oil well was struck in the<br />
country. The basic globalized expectation backed by labour laws is that <strong>of</strong> social responsibility<br />
(Afolabi, 2005). Meaning this multinationals owe their host communities the responsibility <strong>of</strong> basic<br />
health conditions <strong>of</strong> effective sanitary practices, medical infrastructural development and infact<br />
economic or financial commitments. But with so much pr<strong>of</strong>its declared every year, for instance, in<br />
2005, (Finighan, 2006) reported that Shell Petroleum Development Company declared 42 billion<br />
dollars pr<strong>of</strong>it, Chevron declared 14 billion dollars pr<strong>of</strong>it. Meanwhile communities where these ‘golden<br />
egg’ is laid are impoverished and her people dying daily due to unbearable health conditions. So,<br />
where does these monies go to? The Finighan report on this matter is real and alive in the Niger-Delta<br />
region <strong>of</strong> Nigeria.<br />
Table IV and V is a furtherance <strong>of</strong> assessing the impact <strong>of</strong> the oil exploration activities on<br />
various occupations in the Niger-Delta. It is evaluating the impact on each occupations, even the<br />
unemployed, to know first hand, the hazardous health nature <strong>of</strong> these multinationals activities. The data<br />
generated was analysed using the chi-square (X 2 ) statistic. The result (X 2 (7) = 361.46, P < .05)<br />
revealed that the oil exploration activities negatively impacted on all the occupations. Worst hit are the<br />
unemployed (see table IV). Where all 210 unemployed questioned none responded that the oil<br />
multinationals has any good thing to <strong>of</strong>fer. This corroborates these studies (Atumah, 2005 and Okaba,<br />
2005).<br />
Although, this study did not separate medical practitioners from civil servants, the researcher<br />
identified some during the distribution <strong>of</strong> the questionnaires. Their responses were not different from<br />
teachers, administrators, etc, in the civil service occupation. A pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> common diseases suffered in<br />
this region according to these medical practitioners contacted, included tuberculosis, leprosy, asthma<br />
and other respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. These are particularly susceptible to toxic effects.<br />
One nurse puts it this way: “We see them coughing, sneezing, and complaining <strong>of</strong> chest, breast and<br />
breathing problems. Because <strong>of</strong> poverty and lack <strong>of</strong> drugs, they use herbs and vile concoctions that kill<br />
them slowly”.<br />
Unfortunately, these Niger-Delta people do not have corresponding medical infrastructures to<br />
cater for them despite the huge wealth generated from their lands. In fact like Hart, (1975) inverse care<br />
law:<br />
The availability <strong>of</strong> good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need<br />
for it in the population served. This inverse care law operates more<br />
completely where medical care is most exposed to market forces and less<br />
to where such exposure is reduced.<br />
Igun, (1979) refers to this situation in the Niger-Delta region as ‘disease palaces’ meaning,<br />
monies generated from the oil rich but degraded and impoverished Niger-Delta villages are used by the<br />
federal and state governments, in collaboration with these oil multinationals like Shell, Chevron,<br />
Exxonmobile and Texaco, to build medical centers <strong>of</strong> excellence in cities where the rich and powerful<br />
resides.