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A Comparative Analysis of Gibberellic Acid Content with Respect to Tuber Induction in Potato Plants Grown Under Differential Photoperiod and Temperature 416 [25] Machackova I, Konstantinova TN, Seergeva LI, Lozhnikova VN, Golyanovskaya SA, Dudko ND, Aksenova NP (1998) Photoperiodic control of growth, development and phytohormone balance in Solanum tuberosum. Physiol. Plant. 102: 272-278. [26] Mander LN (1992) The chemistry of gibberellins: An overview. Chem. Rev. 92: 573-612. [27] Mander LN (2003) Twenty years of gibberellin research. Nat. Prod. Rep. 20: 49-69. [28] Martinez-Garcia JF, Garcia-Martinez JL, Bou J, Prat S (2002) The interaction of gibberellins and photoperiod in the control of potato tuberization. J. Plant Growth Regul. 20: 377-386. [29] Melis RJM, van Staden J (1984) Tuberization and hormones. Z Pflanzenphysiol. 113: 271-283. [30] Menzel CM (1980) Tuberization in potato at high temperatures: responses to gibberellin and growth inhibitors. Ann. Bot. 46: 259-265. [31] O’Brian PJ, Allen EJ, Firman DM (1998) A review of some studies into tuber initiation in potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops. J. Agric. Sci. 130: 251-270. [32] Olsen JE, Jensen E, Junttila O, Moritz T (1995) Photoperiodic control of endogenous gibberellins in seedlings of Salix pentandra. Physiol Plant 93: 639-644. [33] Railton ID, Wareing PE (1973) Effects of daylength on endogenous gibberellins in leaves of Solanum andigena. I. Changes in levels of free acidic gibberellin-like substances. Physiol. Plant. 28: 88-94. [34] Rodriguez-Falcon M, Bou J, Prat S (2006). Seasonal control of tuberization in potato: Conserved elements with the flowering response. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57: 151-180. [35] Smith OE, Rappaport L (1969) Gibberellins, inhibitors and tuber formation in the potato, Solanum tuberosum. Am Potato J 46: 185-191. [36] Snyder RG, Ewing EE (1989) Interactive effects of temperature, photoperiod and cultivar on tuberization of potato cuttings. HortScience 24: 336-338. [37] Suarez-Lopez P (2005) Long-range signaling in plant reproductive development. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 49: 761-771. [38] Talon M, Zeevaart JAD, Gage DA (1991). Identification of gibberellins in spinach and the effects of light and darkness on their levels. Plant Physiol. 97: 1521-1526. [39] Tanimoto E (2005) Regulation of root growth by plant hormones - roles for auxin and gibberellin. Critical Rev. Plant Sci. 24: 249-265. [40] Thiele A, Herold M, Lenk I, Quail PH, Gatz C (1999) Heterologous expression of Arabidopsis phytochrome B in transgenic potato influences photosynthetic performance and tuber development. Plant Physiol. 120: 73-81. [41] Vreugdenhil D, Bindels P, Reinhoud P, Klocek J, Hendricks T (1994) Use of the growth retardant tetcyclacis for potato tuber formation in vitro. Plant Growth Regul. 14: 257-265. [42] Vreugdenhil D, Struik PC (1989) An integrated view of the hormonal regulation of tuber formation in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Physiol Plant 75: 525-531. [43] Vreugdenhil D, Xu X, Jung JS, van Lammeren AAM, Ewing EE (1999) Initial anatomical changes associated with tuber formation on single-node potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cuttings: a re-evaluation. Annals of Botany 84: 675-680. [44] Xu X, van Lammeren AAM, Vermeer E, Vreugdenhil D (1998a) The role of gibberellin, abscisic acid, and sucrose in the regulation of potato tuber formation in vitro. Plant Physiol. 117: 575-584. [45] Xu X, Vreugdenhil D, van Lammeren AAM (1998b) Cell division and cell enlargement during potato tuber formation. J. Exp. Bot. 49: 573-582.
European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.14 No.3 (2006), pp. 417-425 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006 http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Research of the Characteristics of a Solar Panel Radiated with Со2 Laser, as Means for Injection on Fading Satellites M. Zamfirov Department of Aerospace Control Systems, Space Research Institute Bulgarian Academy of Sciences E-mail: mzamfirov@space.bas.bg Abstract The article discusses the results achieved after a radiation of a solar panel with СО2 laser and covers the short circuit, the floating voltage, and the efficiency. Theoretical deduction of the most appropriate laser wavelength, referred to the maximum of transformation of the laser energy in electrical energy for the mono crystal silicon is presented. The volt-ampere characteristics of the photo receiver are described. Keywords: Satellites, Laser radiation, CO2 – laser, Solar panel Introduction The research of the influence of the laser radiation on photo voltage systems is important, providing energy for existing satellites in the end of their life, due to reduction of the energy system [1]. This type of radiated laser energy has a great commercial value [2]. The laser radiation is preferable because of the high efficiency of the silicon cells under monochromatic lightening [3], and the possibility of increasing the energy, in order to produce more energy outcome per area [4]. Exposition For calculating the most appropriate laser wavelength, relevant to the maximum of the transformation of the laser energy to electric energy, we use the following formula: c Е = Ћ.ν = Ћ (1) λ where Е – еV 1,610 -19 С (coulomb); 1 V = 1,6.10 -19 J. Hence: Е [eV] = 6,6.10 -19 J.s/1,6.10 -19 J. 3.10 8 m/s/ λ [nm] = 1,2375// λ [nm] = 1, 24 = (2) λ[ nm] Consequently: 1, 24 1, 24 Е = = λ = (3) λ E[ eV ] Where Е is the width of the forbidden area of the semi-conductor. For silicon Е = 1,11 eV
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