Atlas Of Ferns Of The British Isles

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82 Identification of the species in the Dryopteris fdix-mas complex Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, D.pseudomas (Woll.) Holub & Pouzar and D.oreades Fomin have, since their inception, been confused by botanists both in England and abroad (see C.R.Fraser-Jenkins & A.C.Jermy, Taxon, 25: 659-665; 1976). The following descriptions of these three species have been drawn up with the help of C. R .Fraser-Jenkins . D.filix-mas Rhizome little branched. Fronds spreading, semi-persistent (although in very clement western areas they may be persistent) petiole about + length of the frond, ± densely clothed with pale coloured scales; lamina ovate-lanceolate, truncate at base, ± herbaceous, mid-green. Pinnae flat, ± horizontal; pinnules toothed, teeth ± acute, curved towards the acute apex, basal pair of each pinna ± stalked, usually longer than those above, lobes at base of pinnules usually forming auricles. Indusia 0.5-2mm, convex, thin sometimes glandular, white or translucent when young, at least part of the margin adpressed to lamina surface, amply covering sporangia but shrinking at maturity, becoming brown when old. A plant of forest, hedgerow and open places on rocks usually on lighter soils. D.oreades Rhizome much branched. Fronds upright, frost sensitive; petiole about length of frond, densely clothed with pale scales; lamina lanceolate tapering to base, very slightly coriaceous, pale grey-green. Pinnae Key to the Dryopteris filix-mas complex 1. Frond texture thick, somewhat glossy and dark green on top (yellow-green when young); stipe and rhachis bearing long narrow scales with a dark base and usually a dark centre, junction of rhachis and pinna axis darkly coloured; lower margins of pinnules (pinna-segments) parallel, with few teeth. D. pseudomas 1. Frond texture thin, mid- or grey-green on top; stipe and rhachis bearing both narrow and wide concolorous scales, junction of rhachis and pinna-axis not darkly coloured; pinnule-shape tapering, lower margins usually bearing teeth or lobes. 2. Frond grey-green; teeth of pinnules with obtuse tips spread out in a fan-like arrangement at the pinnule (or segment) apex; immature indusum thick, margins involute (tucked under sporangia) D. oreades usually concave, inclined to apex; pinnules with an obtuse or rounded apex with blunt teeth arranged palmately or like a fan, basal pair adnate or slightly stipitate, longer than the pair above; basal lobes forming auricles. Indusia 0.5-1mm, highly convex, thick, glandular, green when young, fitting closely round sporangia, scarcely shrinking at maturity, becoming grey-brown when old. A plant of open screes, rocky banks and open hillside. D.pseudomas Rhizome little branched. Fronds ± upright, persistently green throughout winter; petiole variable in length, densely clothed with gingery scales, many of which are narrow and with a dark base which remains as a blackish speck when the scale drops; lamina variable in shape ovate to lanceolate, leathery, yellowgreen when young becoming blue-green when old. Pinnae flat, ± horizontal; pinnules with few or no teeth on parallel side, teeth at apex acute; basal segments not obvious; junctions of pinna rhachis with main rhachis darkly coloured. Indusia 1-2mm, highly convex, thick, margins inrolled, often glandular, brown when young, scarcely shrinking at maturity, becoming grey when old. A plant of woodland, hedgerows, especially on clay soil and on open hillsides, often replacing D.oreades in maritime situations. 2. Frond mid-green; teeth of pinnules with acute tips, converging towards the apex; immature indusium thin, margins not involute and usually extended over the lamina. D. fdix-mas NB: Hybrids between these species are intermediate in their morphology but it is likely that D. x tavelii will key out as D. pseudomas and D. x mantoniae as D. fdix-mas.
ASPIDIACEAE 0 6 0 8 27.2 DRYOPTERIS FILIX-MAS hlale - fern CHMNELISLANDS PLOT TED ON UTM GRID Kilometres 9 0 WV 10 100 9 8 0 9 0 . 2 fir a moo oo oto oomososo oloo so oos.. s000spoo soosso so s mo 5 'worn so s000mmeo soo oso oo o oompo moo floo osos000s opossum moosoomoo s00 0soos mime stomp soss000so oo sos looses smposo so so Soo olo imeo s oomo too moo Sul rn 000 oomoosooms 'moo o me oo soomp0000 sss "moo oo 000 os sosoosso 000 S. foss soossoeso oo ss 'mom o 00 50 50 55 00 5 000 60 600006 000066 54,541 86 3 0 41 00 50 5 55 0 0 0 00 041 'moo al0000 mum seem. swum 000ls000 05 5 00 0 0 00000 00 00 60 00 0 000 0 000 0 0 55 0 0 00 0 00 0 55 05 * 55 55 4141 0000 00 5 50 00 0 00 0 000 55555 55 0 0 2 60 60 ammo oo ino so* mmoo oomp000me um. mmo* Soo 00000 e000 So 4105 0 0000 555 00 0 000 5 541 00 0 5 5415 0 0 55 555 5 00 000 0 0 0 00050 Ss ils::::!:. I: 3 ompoommo Soo oo oes000mpo moo. Soso 0 00 0000 0:41. 000 Z ile 0 0 60 00 4105 40060000 5.541 0410005100 555 60000000 041000 4100006 moos oodo i:o oe some um *::n. S. moos "moo ouloo 0000500 000mmoo eimp0000 goo 3 4 9 8 N1 0 7 5 N2 5 6 27.2 Dryopteris filix-nias (L.) Schott This species, probably the most widespread in the British Isles is by no means common in many parts of its range. Basically it is a woodland species, common in hedgerows and along road-sides; it is also one of the first fern species to become established on shady walls of all kinds. A species of wide ecological tolerance it is frequently planted in gardens, a factor which has possibly affected its ubiquitous distribution. For notes on identification see page 82. S. 0 6 5 4 83 3 2 0
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Atlas of Ferns of the British Isles
Page 3 and 4:
ATLAS OF FERNS OF THE BRITISH ISLES
Page 5 and 6:
It is now 16 years since the public
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LYCOPODIACEAE 3 0 7 5 0 8 0 1.1 LYC
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LYCOPODIACEAE 5 0 7 8 2.1 LYCOPODIE
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LYCOPODIACEAE 7 0 6 5 0 0 4.1 DIPHA
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SELAGINELLACEAE 9 0 5.1 SELAGINELLA
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0 8 9 0 CHANNEL ISLANDS PLOT TED ON
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ISOETACEAE 6.3 ISOETES HISTRIX Land
Page 19 and 20:
EQUISETACEAE 15 0 6 5 0 7.1x r EQUI
Page 21 and 22:
EQUISETACEAE 17 0 0 7.2 EQUISETUM V
Page 23 and 24:
EQUISETACEAE 19 0 7 6 5 0 7.3x7 ®E
Page 25 and 26:
EQUISETACEAE 21 0 6 5 0 7.4x3 EQUIS
Page 27 and 28:
EQUISETACEAE 0 6 0 7.5 EQUISETUM N2
Page 29 and 30:
EQUISETACEAE 0 6 7.7 EQUISETUM PALU
Page 31 and 32:
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 27 0 0 8.1 CHANNEL
Page 33 and 34:
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 29 0 0 9.2 OPHIOGLO
Page 35 and 36: OSMUNDACEAE 0 6 0 10.1 OSMUNDA REGA
Page 37 and 38: ADIANTACEAE 33 0 1 2 3 0 0 12 .1 0
Page 39 and 40: HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 35 0 1 2 3 0 0 14.
Page 41 and 42: HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 37 0 6 5 0 8 0 15.
Page 43 and 44: POLYPODIACEAE 0 6 5 0 16.1 POLYPODI
Page 45 and 46: POLYPODIACEAE 41 0 7 8 0 16.2 x1 PO
Page 47 and 48: POLYPODIACEAE 0 6 5 0 8 16.3x1 POLY
Page 49 and 50: DENNSTAEDTIACEAE 0 0 17.1 PTERI DI
Page 51 and 52: THELYPTERIDACEAE 47 0 6 5 0 19.1 PH
Page 53 and 54: ASPLENIACEAE 0 6 0 21.1 ASPLENIUM S
Page 55 and 56: ASPLENIACEAE 0 6 5 0 21.2 ASPLENIUM
Page 57 and 58: ASPLENIACEAE 53 0 7 6 5 0 21.3 ASPL
Page 59 and 60: ASPLENIACEAE 55 0 0 6 5 21.5 ASPLEN
Page 61 and 62: ASPLENIACEAE 57 0 21.7 ASPLENIUM TR
Page 63 and 64: ASPLENIACEAE 59 0 0 5 21.7b ASPLENI
Page 65 and 66: ASPLENIACEAE 61 0 0 7 6 5 8 21.8 AS
Page 67 and 68: ASPLENIACEAE 63 0 7 6 5 0 8 21.9 x
Page 69 and 70: ASPLENIACEAE 0 1 2 3 o o 21.10x 7a
Page 71 and 72: ATHYRIACEAE 67 0 1 2 3 4 0 0 22.1 A
Page 73 and 74: ATHYRIACEAE 69 0 5 22.3 ATHYRIUM FL
Page 75 and 76: ATHYRIACEAE 71 0 6 5 23.2 GYMNOCARP
Page 77 and 78: ATHYRIACEAE 73 0 6 5 0 8 24.2 CYSTO
Page 79 and 80: ATHYRIACEAE 0 6 5 0 25.1 WOODSIA IL
Page 81 and 82: ASPIDIACEAE 0 0 6 5 26.1 POLYSTICHU
Page 83 and 84: ASPIDIACEAE 79 0 6 5 0 26.2 x3 POLY
Page 85: ASPIDIACEAE 0 7 0 27.1 DRYOPTERIS O
Page 89 and 90: ASPIDIACEAE 85 7 6 5 4 0 8 27.2x 3
Page 91 and 92: ASPIDIACEAE 0 6 5 0 27.4 DRYOPTERIS
Page 93 and 94: ASPIDIACEAE 89 0 7 5 0 0 27.6 DRYOP
Page 95 and 96: ASPIDIACEAE 91 27.8 DRYOPTERIS 1 2
Page 97 and 98: ASPIDIACEAE 93 6 5 0 27.9 DRYOPTERI
Page 99 and 100: ASPIDIACEAE 95 0 7 6 5 27. 9 x 10 D
Page 101 and 102: BLECHNACEAE 97 0 6 5 0 28.1 BLECHNU
Page 103 and 104: AZOLLACEAE 99 0 5 0 8 30.1 AZOLLA F
Page 105: Equisetum arvense 19, 20 x fluviati
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Atlas Of Ferns Of The British Isles

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