Atlas Of Ferns Of The British Isles
Atlas Of Ferns Of The British Isles
Atlas Of Ferns Of The British Isles
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<strong>Atlas</strong> of <strong>Ferns</strong><br />
of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong><br />
Botanical Society of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong><br />
<strong>British</strong> Pteridological Society ÷1978
11<br />
MM7i978.<br />
ERRATA<br />
.In a re-drafting of the Introduction an explanihtion<br />
of the significance of the open circle was<br />
inadvertently omitted. Unless otherwise explained,<br />
such open Circles are those squares in whichte<br />
.epecies has been recorded only PRIOR TO 1950 (nineteen<br />
hundred and fifty).<br />
On page95the spelling of "DrToRteria xembrosiae"<br />
phnuld be "Dryopteris x:embroseae". It is<br />
*similarly miapelt in the Index, (p. 100)0
ATLAS OF FERNS<br />
OF THE BRITISH ISLES<br />
edited by<br />
A.C. Jermy<br />
<strong>British</strong> Museum (Natural History)<br />
H.R. Arnold, Lynne Farrell & F.H.Perring<br />
Institute of Terrestrial Ecology<br />
iNSTrTUTE (7;7 FCOLOGY<br />
<strong>The</strong> Botanical Society of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong> + <strong>The</strong> <strong>British</strong> Pteridological Society<br />
„<br />
London<br />
1978
Botanical Society of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong><br />
and<br />
<strong>British</strong> Pteridological Society<br />
c/o <strong>British</strong> Museum (Natural History)<br />
Cromwell Road, London 5W7 5BD<br />
Botanical Society of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong><br />
and<br />
<strong>British</strong> Pteridological Society<br />
1978<br />
ISBN 0 901158 01 1<br />
INSTITUTE OF<br />
TERRESTRIAL<br />
ECOLOGY<br />
LIBRARY<br />
SERVICE<br />
5JU11978<br />
osH<br />
REF<br />
I (40<br />
Photoset in Times Series and printed and bound<br />
by<br />
Pendragon Press, Papworth Everard, Cambridge,<br />
England.
It is now 16 years since the publication of the <strong>Atlas</strong> of<br />
the <strong>British</strong> Flora (Perring & Walters, 1962). Though it<br />
has proved valuable it was inevitably an imperfect work.<br />
Conditions of the grants under which the work was<br />
carried out meant that the first maps had to go to<br />
printers within six years of the start of the scheme and<br />
the maps of the Pteridophyta were the first to be sent.<br />
Some of these maps e.g. Dryopteris carthusiana (as<br />
D.lanceolatocristata), D.oreades (as D.abbreviata),<br />
D.pseudomas (as D.borrer0, were very unsatisfactory<br />
because of difficulties of identification and the map of<br />
the first mentioned species was accordingly marked P,<br />
indicating it was only provisional. Furthermore,<br />
taxonomic revisions in Asplenium, Dryopteris and<br />
Equisetum were producing data on the distribution of<br />
new taxa worthy of mapping. A recent reprint of the<br />
<strong>Atlas</strong> (1976) gave the opportunity to revise maps of<br />
about 300 of our rarest species including only five ferns<br />
but production costs ruled out a complete revision, and<br />
this is a situation likely to continue.<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>British</strong> Pteridological Society had, from 1962,<br />
taken a considerable interest in collecting further data<br />
on ferns for the Map Scheme and these had over the<br />
years been passed to the Biological Records Centre to be<br />
added to the mass of data coming in from the Botanical<br />
Society of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. <strong>The</strong> B.P.S. felt that an<br />
interim publication showing the state of our knowledge<br />
of the distribution of <strong>British</strong> ferns, horsetails and clubmosses,<br />
would, apart from removing the anomalies<br />
mentioned above, give a guide-line for further<br />
concentrated field work. <strong>The</strong>refore when the B.P.S.<br />
investigated the possibility of B.R.C. revising the maps<br />
for publication it was very pleased to find the idea<br />
already under consideration as part of a scheme to<br />
revise the <strong>Atlas</strong> in parts.<br />
Discussions were held to see how the two Societies<br />
could best be involved in drawing together all available<br />
data that was not already in the data bank. A proforma<br />
(the 'Green Book') containing the species to be mapped<br />
was circulated to B.S.B.I. Recorders and to other<br />
interested workers studying regional or vice-county<br />
Floras. This data was transcribed by A.J.Worland<br />
(B.P.S. Recorder) to single species cards to facilitate<br />
their transfer to the data-bank and to manuscript maps<br />
from which we could query any outstanding or<br />
anomalous record. A.C.Jermy arranged for the loan of<br />
critical material from the following university or<br />
municipal herbaria: Aberdeen (ABD), Aberystwyth<br />
(ABS), Bangor (UCNW), Belfast (BEL), Cambridge<br />
(CGE), Cardiff (NMW), Carlisle (CLE), Dublin (DBN),<br />
Edinburgh (E), Glasgow (GL), Kew (K), Liverpool<br />
(LIV), Maidstone (MNE), Manchester (MANCH),<br />
Newcastle upon Tyne (HAMU), Oxford (OXF), Perth<br />
(PTH) and the South London Botanical Institute<br />
(SLBI), and, with the help of the following specialists,<br />
many new records were added to the data bank:<br />
H.V.Corley (Dryopteris), J .A.Crabbe (Polypodium),<br />
C.R.Fraser-Jenkins (Dryopteris), M.Gibby<br />
(Dryopteris), J.D.Lovis (Asplenium), C.N.Page<br />
(Equisetum), R.H.Roberts (Polypodium) and A.Sleep<br />
(Polystichum). Particular attention has been given to<br />
Introduction<br />
the determination of hybrids although it is appreciated<br />
that the maps of these can only be regarded as<br />
preliminary; for detailed information on the<br />
distribution of hybrids the reader should consult<br />
C.A.Stace (ed.), Hybridization and the Flora of the<br />
<strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>, London, 1975. As the data were marshalled<br />
the B.R.C. staff, under the direction of F.H.Perring, set<br />
to work fo'produce the maps and it was Lynne Farrell on<br />
whom fell the major task of checking the maps against<br />
the data cards.<br />
Nomenclature and arrangement of the maps<br />
<strong>The</strong> nomenclature follows that used in Flora Europaea<br />
(ed. Tutin et al., Cambridge, 1964) with a few later<br />
changes. <strong>The</strong>se together with the arrangement are to be<br />
found in a List of <strong>British</strong> pteridophytes shortly to be<br />
published (J.E.Dandy & A.C.Jermy, in prep.). <strong>The</strong><br />
arrangement of the genera is based on that proposed by<br />
J.A.Crabbe, A.C.Jermy & J.T.Mickel (Fern Gaz., 11;<br />
141-162; 1975).<br />
We have adopted the four genera in Lycopodiaceae as<br />
in Flora Europaea but we agree with Holub (Preslia,<br />
Praha, 47: 97-110; 1975) that Diphasium should be<br />
restricted to a few South American species and that<br />
Diphasiastrum should be used for the European species.<br />
Within Dryopteris two major changes on purely<br />
nomenclatural grounds have been made. <strong>The</strong>re has been<br />
confusion over the past 150 years with regard to the<br />
identity of Polystichum abbreviatum DC., the<br />
basionym of D.abbreviata (DC.) Newm.; D.oreades<br />
Fomin should now be taken as the correct name (see<br />
C.R.Fraser-Jenkins & A . C. Jermy, Taxon, 25: 659-665;<br />
1976). It is also inevitable that we have to change the<br />
recent name D.assimilis S.Walker; the plant described<br />
by Presl from <strong>British</strong> Columbia as Nephrodium<br />
expansum has been shown to be conspecific with the<br />
European plant and that epithet must be taken up.<br />
Furthermore our <strong>British</strong> D.villarii is tetraploid and<br />
sufficiently distinct from the diploid alpine material<br />
described by Bellardi to warrant subspecific separation<br />
(see C.R.Fraser-Jenkins & A.C.Jermy, Fern Gaz., 11:<br />
338-340; 1977). Lastly,European <strong>The</strong>lypteris palustris<br />
Schott has been shown to differ from American plants,<br />
originally called T. thelypteroides Michx, solely in the<br />
absence of hairs on the lamina and rachis, a character<br />
which we agree warrants its separation at subspecific<br />
level only. Unfortunately Michaux's epithet has priority<br />
over that of Schott thus removing a well-known name<br />
from the <strong>British</strong> list.<br />
Comments by A.C.Jermy on the distribution of<br />
species are given beneath the maps. <strong>The</strong><br />
phytogeographical elements referred to relate to the<br />
species distribution in Europe as a whole; the concepts<br />
as applied to the Atlantic seaboard are those of<br />
D.A.Ratcliffe (New Phytol., 67: 365-371; 1968). <strong>The</strong><br />
distribution of pteridophytes in Europe is to be found in<br />
the <strong>Atlas</strong> Florae Europaeae 1, Pteridophyta (Psilotaceae<br />
to Azollaceae), ed. J.Jalas & J.Suominen; Helsinki,<br />
1972. For a discussion on the distribution of European<br />
pteridophytes using numerical analyses of those data see<br />
H.J.B.Birks (New Phytol., 77: 257-287; 1976).
Species omitted<br />
Only three aliens have been mapped: Azolla flliculoides<br />
Lam. a species so well established that its status is often<br />
forgotten; Selaginella kraussiana A.Br., a native of<br />
southern Africa, introduced into conservatories from<br />
which it has spread considerably; and Equisetum<br />
ramosissimum Desf., a single population, of interest<br />
because it is the putative parent of E. moorei Newm. In<br />
addition to these there are four species grown as<br />
ornamentals which have escaped and established<br />
themselves in our natural vegetation; none have spread<br />
further other than by vegetative means. <strong>The</strong>y are<br />
Onoclea sensibilis L., Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.)<br />
Tod., Blechnum chilense (Klf.) Mett. and B.pennamarina<br />
(Poir.) Kuhn; Dicksonia antarctica Labill. may<br />
also be included in this category. Three house ferns have<br />
spread to warm locations on walls in various parts of<br />
south and west Britain namely, Cyrtomium falcatum<br />
(L.f.) C.Presl, Pteris cretica L. and P.vittata L. <strong>The</strong><br />
latter is also established on a warm slag-heap in the<br />
Forest of Dean, v.c. 34 (see S. Holland,<br />
R. N. Glouc. Nat. Soc., 19: 318; 1968).Although these<br />
produce spores their presence is usually ephemeral.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
We should like to thank all those, too numerous to<br />
mention individually, who have over the years sent in<br />
records to B.R.C. Similarly we thank also those many<br />
people who will no doubt find gaps in our maps and<br />
rectify the situation by sending in further records. We<br />
are especially grateful to A.J.Worland, for transcribing<br />
all incoming data from the 'Green books' to singlespecies<br />
cards and to manuscript maps. J.W.Dyce, as<br />
Secretary of the B.P.S., was alone responsible for<br />
collating the records made on the meetings of that<br />
Society. Liaison with the vice-county Recorders of the<br />
B.S.B.I.. was initially through the Records Committee<br />
(secretary, F.H.Perring). <strong>The</strong> following botanists,<br />
either as B.S.B.I. Recorders or as members of B.S.B.I.<br />
or B.P.S., have made a special effort to cooperate with<br />
this revision:<br />
D.E.Allen, G.H.Ballantyne, M.Barron, E.P.Beattie,<br />
P.M.Benoit, J.Bevan, J.H.Bevis, H.J.B.Birks,<br />
T.L.Blockeel, I.R.Bonner, H.W.Boon, E.H.Booth,<br />
R.P.Bowman, M.Briggs, A.B.M.Brewis,<br />
J.M.Brummitt, K.E.Bull, E.R.Bullard, A.R.Busby,<br />
J.K.Butler, M.S.Campbell, J.F.M.Cannon, J.M.Castle-<br />
Smith, E.Chicken, E.R.T. Conacher, P.Copson,<br />
H.V.Corley, R.W.M.Corner, F.E.Crackles,<br />
G.Crompton, T.A.W.Davis, J.G.Dony, D.A.Doogue,<br />
U.K.Duncan, E.S.Edees, P.J. Edwards, T.Edmondson,<br />
E.A.Ellis, G.Ellis, T.G.Evans, I.K.Ferguson,<br />
F.Fincher, B.E.M.Garratt, G.M.Gent, E.J.Gibbons,<br />
M.Gibby, V.Gordon, G.G.Graham, I.F.Gravestock,<br />
E.F.Greenwood, J.M.Gunn, P.Hackney, P.C.Hall,<br />
A.D.Hallam, G.Halliday, S.G.Harrison, C.C.Haworth,<br />
J.G.Hodgson, S.C.Holland, K.M.Hollick,<br />
R.C.L.Howitt, t S.T.Jermyn, Q.O.N.Kay, D.L.Kelly,<br />
A.G.Kenneth, D.H.Kent, M.P.H.Kertland,<br />
J.E.D.Lamb, P.J.Lambley, H.Lefevre, F.LeSueur,<br />
A.G.Long, tJ.E.Lousley, J.D. Lovis, R.McBeath,<br />
D.McClintock, D.J.McCosh, B.M. Mack,<br />
R.Mackecknie, tV.J.Macnair, L.J.Margetts,<br />
M.E.Martin, T.F.Medd, K.G.Messenger, tH.Milne-<br />
Redhead, R.J.Murphy, A.Newton, A.M.O'Sullivan,<br />
C.N.Page, R.C.Palmer, R.J.Pankhurst, C.P.Petch,<br />
E.G.Philp, M.Porter, A.C.Powell, A.L.Primavesi,<br />
M.C.F.Proctor, A.W.Punter, D.A.Ratcliffe, J.E.<br />
Raven, B.W.Ribbons, M.H.Rickard, R.H.Roberts,<br />
C.A.Robinson, R.G.B.Roe, J.Rogerson, F.Rose,<br />
A.Rutherford, C.D.Sayers, M.J.P.Scannell, M.R.D.<br />
Seaward, B.Seddon, S.Segal, B.Shepard,F.W.Simpson,<br />
A.A.Slack, W.A.Sledge, A.Sleep, J.E.Smith,<br />
A.H.Sommerville, 0.M.Stewart, A .McG.Stirling,<br />
K.M.Stevens, R.Stokoe, G.A.Swan, E.L.Swann, D.M.<br />
Synnott, M.A.Turner, I.M.Vaughan, tW.E.Warren,<br />
M.McC.Webster, T.C.E.Wells, D.J.B.White, L.E.<br />
Whitehead, A.J.Willis, A.Willmot, S.R.J.Woodell,<br />
P.Yule.<br />
A considerable amount of general but often difficult<br />
material, sent in by recorders, was identified by<br />
J.A.Crabbe and J.M.Mullin, who also handled some<br />
thousands of specimens sent on loan from other <strong>British</strong><br />
Herbaria, filling in 'pink cards' and searching for grid<br />
references when new records were found; such routine<br />
work, so often boring, is gratefully acknowledged.<br />
We also thank those curators and staff of Herbaria<br />
who have cooperated by sending their material of critical<br />
groups to the <strong>British</strong> Museum (Natural History) or to<br />
Leeds University for checking. <strong>Of</strong> these we would like to<br />
mention the following whose knowledge of their own<br />
region, both floristically and geographically was placed<br />
continually at our disposal: S.G.Harrison, and<br />
colleagues at the National Museum of Wales, and<br />
M.J.P.Scannell and D.M.Synnott at the National<br />
Herbarium, Glasnevin, Ireland. Funds to enable<br />
students to make out 'pink cards' of critical groups at<br />
Oxford University herbarium were provided by the<br />
Druce Fund.<br />
Last and by no means least, we thank the staff at<br />
B.R.C. especially D.W.Scott, and R.A.Cooke, a<br />
voluntary worker, who prepared the maps on which the<br />
final production of this <strong>Atlas</strong> was based.<br />
Further recording<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>British</strong> Pteridological Society Recorder will continue<br />
to monitor additions or amendments to these maps. All<br />
such records will be passed to the Biological Records<br />
Centre at I.T.E., Monk's Wood Experimental Station,<br />
on the appropriate record card, and the relevant B.S.B.I.<br />
Recorder will be notified. New records may be sent to the<br />
B.P.S. Recorder, c/o Botany Department,<strong>British</strong><br />
Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London<br />
SW7 5BD.
LYCOPODIACEAE 3<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
0<br />
1.1<br />
LYCOPODIUM<br />
ANNOTINUM<br />
Interrupted<br />
Clubmoss<br />
4?<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kibmetres<br />
Md.<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
2<br />
..<br />
1 2<br />
1<br />
o 0<br />
r<br />
°I8<br />
0<br />
3<br />
6<br />
5<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
a a<br />
Kdometres<br />
Miles<br />
,<br />
100<br />
17:6-<br />
2<br />
0 0 00 °Ls<br />
:-<br />
0 000 0 :<br />
:::<br />
o o<br />
„. r<br />
,,. 0 co<br />
0<br />
0<br />
.9 0<br />
1.2 Lywriodium clavatum<br />
A plant of acid grasslands and heaths on sandy soil where the<br />
slope allows drainage water to flush through; otherwise in areas<br />
with higher rainfall. Decreasing in eastern and central England<br />
because of intensification of agriculture and utilization of rough<br />
marginal ground.<br />
8 I e<br />
0 000 00 0 i: 11FIr<br />
00000 00<br />
.0 0000 00<br />
:::::1::.<br />
00000 000<br />
000000<br />
7 4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
Io<br />
0:<br />
9<br />
N1<br />
0 *0 0<br />
:r . .<br />
0 NI<br />
00 Oir<br />
0.0 8<br />
: wg<br />
o so<br />
o<br />
o 0<br />
0 0 1 000 o<br />
9 0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS -<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
8'<br />
08 8°<br />
0<br />
:<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
8<br />
0 0 0<br />
0<br />
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0<br />
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:
LYCOPODIACEAE 5<br />
0<br />
7<br />
8<br />
2.1<br />
LYCOPODIELLA<br />
INUNDATA<br />
Marsh Clubmoss<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
170<br />
9 0<br />
wv<br />
GI" ,<br />
1:;)<br />
100<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1<br />
.6<br />
2<br />
0<br />
9 9<br />
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*0 0<br />
0<br />
3 4<br />
6 6<br />
0<br />
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5 5<br />
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1<br />
0<br />
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8<br />
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o8 o oo<br />
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'<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
8o<br />
oo<br />
N2<br />
2.1 Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub<br />
(Lycopodium inundatum L.;<br />
Lepidotis inundata (L.) C.BOrner)<br />
A sub-Atlantic species of lowland bogs of which the distribution<br />
has been fragmented considerably by the drainage of acid<br />
wetland sites.<br />
0<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
6 LYCOPODIACEAE<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0 100<br />
1<br />
kilornstm<br />
Miles<br />
o<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID r<br />
,<br />
100<br />
00<br />
00 0411 .<br />
9<br />
0<br />
2<br />
00 logi<br />
o ilo<br />
00 o 0 00 40<br />
o<br />
8 0 0<br />
0,<br />
..<br />
.68<br />
o<br />
o8 oo<br />
3.1 Huperzia selago (L.) Berrill. ex Schrank Mart.<br />
(Lycopodium selagoL.)<br />
A northern sub-Atlantic/montane species spread over lowland<br />
areas where frost hollows probably give the required lower<br />
temperatures in areas of high rainfall. Land-use changes in<br />
lowland England have considerably reduced the sites where this<br />
species used to grow. <strong>The</strong> sites in v.cs 1 and 3 particularly need<br />
conservation.<br />
.<br />
2<br />
00<br />
000000<br />
J AI:"<br />
000 00<br />
0<br />
0 000<br />
00000<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00 00<br />
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000110<br />
00000es<br />
0000000<br />
0000000<br />
00,000soo<br />
00000000<br />
0000000<br />
0000<br />
I°<br />
:<br />
0 0<br />
000 00<br />
50<br />
00 00<br />
0<br />
0<br />
3 4<br />
00<br />
0.40<br />
0000 00<br />
00000<br />
000<br />
o<br />
0<br />
0 00 0<br />
0 -0..<br />
S.<br />
0<br />
550 00<br />
0<br />
000<br />
0 0:0<br />
:00:0 I<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
00<br />
000<br />
00<br />
0 8<br />
0 0<br />
00<br />
00 0<br />
0 0<br />
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9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
000<br />
N2<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
LYCOPODIACEAE 7<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
0<br />
4.1<br />
DIPHASIASTRUM<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
ALPINUM .9 P<br />
Alpine Clubmoss<br />
0 100<br />
Kilometres<br />
0<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
8 9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
100<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0 1<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID LT'<br />
0<br />
9 " 9<br />
8<br />
2 i<br />
tO<br />
0<br />
: 0<br />
3 0<br />
.= 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
.(9<br />
e<br />
0<br />
o<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
2 3 4 5 6<br />
0<br />
zf`'<br />
4.1 Diphasiastrum alpinum (L.) Holub<br />
(Lycopodium alpinum L.;<br />
aphasium alpinum (L.) Rothm.)<br />
An arctic-alpine species of which the occurrence in lowland<br />
Britain has puzzled ecologists until those plants were<br />
redetermined as D. x issleri. Land-use changes in north<br />
England (e.g. Pennines) have considerably reduced the range<br />
of this species. <strong>The</strong> Devon records need confirmation.<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
8 LYCOPODIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
4 .1x c<br />
DIPHASIASTRUM<br />
x ISSLERI<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
9<br />
wv<br />
1<br />
100 4457<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
3<br />
0 :<br />
O<br />
1 2<br />
4.1 x c. Diphasiastrum x issleri (Rouy) Holub<br />
(D.alpinum x complanatum (L.) Holub; Lycopodium<br />
var. deelPiens Syme ex Druce)<br />
Following studies by Lawalrée (Bull. Soc. R. bot. Belg., 9: 109-<br />
120; 1957) records of this taxon appeared in <strong>British</strong> literature<br />
but confusion and doubt has persisted as to its true identity.<br />
J.Wilce (Beih. Nov. Hedw. 19: 93; 1965) suggests it is a hybrid<br />
derivative of the species mentioned above. Work carried out by<br />
I.Kukkonen (Ann. Bot. Fenn., 4:441-470; 1967) and A.Pacyna<br />
(Fragm. Fl. Geobot., 18: 255-297, 309-341; 1972) supports this<br />
and Pacyna has identified <strong>British</strong> material as being conspecific<br />
with Polish plants. <strong>The</strong> shape of the ventral median leaf and<br />
elongated leafy peduncles are diagnostic. Sowerby (Engl. Bot.,<br />
ed 3.t. 1834*; 1886) illustrates plants from v.c. 37, named by<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
3<br />
3 4<br />
0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
4 5<br />
N1<br />
HX<br />
HW N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
issleri (Rouy) Lawalrée; Lycopodium alpinum L.<br />
Syme in the legend as Lycopodium alpinum var. decipiens, a<br />
name later validated with a description by Druce (Ann. Scot.<br />
nat. Hist., 1892: 184; 1892). Subsequent botanists have used<br />
this name for a number of atypical D.alpinum gatherings from<br />
Scotland, some of which are most certainly growth forms from<br />
dense vegetation of the latter species. Although of hybrid origin<br />
the spores are only partly abortive and it can spread outside the<br />
range of the parents. However, D.complanatum may yet be<br />
found in Britain in dwarf shrub communities in areas of ancient<br />
woodland.<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
SELAGINELLACEAE 9<br />
0<br />
5.1<br />
SELAGINELLA<br />
SELAGINOIDES<br />
Lesser Clubmoss<br />
ICionistres<br />
Mdee<br />
9<br />
100<br />
9<br />
00<br />
000<br />
000000<br />
00000000<br />
00000000<br />
000<br />
t 0<br />
.,<br />
00000<br />
::::<br />
1<br />
00<br />
000<br />
::::28e<br />
000000<br />
000<br />
0000000<br />
0000000<br />
00000<br />
000<br />
o$:6<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00<br />
1r:<br />
0000<br />
o<br />
0<br />
N1<br />
8<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
s<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0°<br />
0 SS<br />
So<br />
.. oo<br />
-e<br />
S<br />
00<br />
2<br />
00<br />
go<br />
0<br />
oo<br />
0<br />
00<br />
o<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00000<br />
°re<br />
0000<br />
0: 00i<br />
5::::<br />
000 000<br />
6::<br />
01:2<br />
0<br />
00 000<br />
00<br />
:00::00:<br />
000<br />
00<br />
o<br />
0<br />
o<br />
000<br />
oo<br />
o<br />
0<br />
g .i 00<br />
0<br />
o<br />
0<br />
CHANNEL !SLAWS<br />
9<br />
PLOTTED ON 0 AN<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
0<br />
8<br />
16<br />
000<br />
000 0<br />
000<br />
00<br />
1<br />
2 3 4<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
o<br />
9<br />
...<br />
N2<br />
5.1. Selaginella selaginoides (I—) Link<br />
A northern and montane species with a distribution pattern in<br />
Britain and Ireland which is difficult to explain. Localities in<br />
Ireland are disappearing through changes in land-use but it is<br />
hoped that the southernmost sites will be conserved so that the<br />
ecological requirement of this species on the edge of its range<br />
can be studied. In England the south-eastern populations have<br />
disappeared, the species last being seen at Scotton, v.c. 54, in<br />
1948 (J.E.Gibbons, FL Lincolnshire: 80; 1975).<br />
4 6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
10<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
O 0<br />
5.2 x<br />
NW<br />
SELAGINELLA<br />
N2<br />
t:S<br />
7<br />
KRAUSSIANA et'<br />
9<br />
9<br />
O 100<br />
Mamas's<br />
M i Ms<br />
100<br />
8<br />
2<br />
.o<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
SELAGINELLACEAE<br />
6 6<br />
5<br />
CHANNELISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
UTM GRID<br />
9 0<br />
5.2 Selaginella kraussiana (G.Kunze) A.Br.<br />
A species native to the Azores and tropical and South Africa<br />
which was introduced for bedding or ground cover in<br />
conservatories and which has established itself in the more<br />
oceanic areas of S.W. Britain and Ireland where it can<br />
successfully overwinter. It produces spores abundantly and<br />
could spread naturally, although so far the species has shown no<br />
signs of dispersal from introduced areas.<br />
So<br />
O 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
0<br />
8 9 0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
t;6*<br />
a<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
6.1 Isoetes lacustris L.<br />
A northern sub-Atlantic species probably more frequent in<br />
upland Scotland than records show. It can tolerate more<br />
mesotrophic waters than I.echinospora possibly through its<br />
ability to compete with other water plants.
1 2<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
6.2<br />
ISOETES<br />
ECHINOSPORA 9 9<br />
Spring Quillwort<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
Kaornetres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
9<br />
WV<br />
6.2 Isoetes echinospora Durieu<br />
(Lsetacea auct.)<br />
100<br />
100<br />
8 . 8<br />
A species with a northern sub-Atlantic distribution similar to<br />
Llacustris, preferring more oligotrophic waters than Llacustris<br />
and will probably prove to be equally common in Scotland at<br />
least. <strong>The</strong> ecology and distribution of the species in Wales is<br />
discussed by B.Seddon (Ecology 46: 747-748; 1965).<br />
2<br />
44<br />
. 0 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
ISOETACEAE<br />
UTM GRID .6'<br />
t;Z)<br />
A<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
ISOETACEAE<br />
6.3<br />
ISOETES<br />
HISTRIX<br />
Land Quillwort<br />
0 100<br />
101ornstres<br />
Mi<br />
100<br />
8<br />
1 2 3<br />
A<br />
jo<br />
e<br />
9<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
6.3 Isoetes histrix Bory<br />
A Mediterranean-Atlantic species which reaches its<br />
northernmost location in Britain (v.c. 1). It is terrestrial and the<br />
leaves die down and disappear in March or April. <strong>The</strong> absence<br />
of this species from S.W. Ireland is difficult to explain.<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
13
14<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
7.1 HX<br />
HW<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
HYEMALE<br />
Rough Horsetail<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
too<br />
8<br />
0 8<br />
9 0<br />
0 wv<br />
UTM GRID 11.<br />
1;6<br />
0<br />
9 9<br />
0 00<br />
o<br />
o<br />
7.1 Equisetum hyemale L.<br />
A widespread species which requires its roots to be within reach<br />
of laterally moving water. <strong>The</strong> drainage of potential sites is<br />
taking its toll and the species is becoming local although in some<br />
places it still occurs in large stands.<br />
0<br />
00<br />
o8o<br />
oo<br />
00<br />
SO<br />
0<br />
000<br />
:6<br />
ioo<br />
0<br />
00<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
00<br />
00<br />
:0<br />
0<br />
oip<br />
oo<br />
N1<br />
7 5<br />
EQUISETACEAE<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
EQUISETACEAE 15<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
7.1x r<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
X MOORE!<br />
®EQUISETUM<br />
RAMOSISSIMUM<br />
GUNNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON 0<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Adorns/NA<br />
Was<br />
9<br />
100<br />
tz)<br />
7.1 x r. Equisetum x moorei Newm.<br />
(E.hyemale x ramosissimum Desf.)<br />
0<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
1 2<br />
This sterile taxon has long been treated as a hybrid of the above<br />
species but, in view of its sterility, its distribution in Ireland and<br />
other areas in Europe where E.ramossissimum is absent, this<br />
is highly problematical. It was originally described from<br />
Rockfield, v.c. H20, in 1856; a plant introduced into a garden in<br />
Shere, v.c. 17, (J.E.Lousley, Flora of Surrey: 94; 1976) has<br />
vigorously maintained itself. <strong>The</strong>re are no specimens to<br />
substantiate previous Scottish records (v .c. 88 and 92);<br />
E.hyemale is found in these localities, however (see<br />
3 4<br />
4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
5 6<br />
J.G.Duckett & C.N.Page in C.A.Stace (ed.) Hybridization and<br />
the Flora of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>: 99; 1975).<br />
E.ramosissimum, a southern European species, was ftrst<br />
recorded for the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong> in 1947 when collected on the bank<br />
of the R.Witham, v.c. 53 (see A.H.G.Alston, Watsonia, 1: 149-<br />
153; 1949). Whilst it has maintained itself it has not spread, and<br />
it is believed to have been introduced with soil when the river<br />
wall was being strengthened. It is therefore regarded as an alien<br />
in the <strong>British</strong> flora.<br />
ckf<br />
6<br />
5<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
16 EQUISETACEAE<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
7.1x2<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
X TRACHYODON 9 9<br />
I?<br />
Kipmene<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL GLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
I AC0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
100<br />
0<br />
8<br />
8<br />
2<br />
.0<br />
1 2<br />
7.1 x 2 Equisetum X trachyodon A.Braun<br />
(E.hyemale x variegatum)<br />
A hybrid with a distinct Atlantic distribution which however<br />
may be under-recorded on the European mainland. <strong>The</strong><br />
E.variegatum parent is most likely the lowland (and often<br />
coastal) ecotype of that species and the hybrid is therefore more<br />
rare in Scotland where the mountain form predominates than<br />
the distribution of the parent species would suggest. Some<br />
previously reported records from Ireland have proved to be<br />
forms of E.variegatum. Small plants may be separated from<br />
that species by the long sheath and the long teeth with narrow<br />
membraneous margins; the cones have abortive spores (see<br />
J.G.Duckett & C.N.Page, in C.A.Stace (ed.), loc.cit.: 100).<br />
3 4<br />
-(2<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
5 6<br />
4<br />
6<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
EQUISETACEAE 17<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7.2<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
VAR I EGATUM<br />
Variegated<br />
Horsetail<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
s.<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
p<br />
2 3 4 5<br />
7.2 Equisetum variegatum Schleicher ex Weber & Mohr<br />
N1<br />
A northern-montane species of wet alpine ledges yet also<br />
characteristic of coastal sand-dune slacks in the west.<br />
E.wilsonii Newm., Originally described from Muckross, v.c.<br />
H2, hitherto regarded as this species needs further investigation<br />
as do sand-dune populations in Britain (see J.A.Crabbe,<br />
A.C.Jermy & G.A.Matthews, Proc. Bot. Soc. Brit. <strong>Isles</strong>, 6:<br />
40-42; 1965).<br />
N2<br />
0<br />
0
1 8<br />
O 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
6<br />
7.3<br />
x<br />
o o HW<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
mom<br />
so N2<br />
vil So So<br />
FLUNINIVTILE 00 000<br />
9<br />
So 000<br />
ile<br />
VVater HorsetaH 00<br />
00 5555<br />
N 000 N1<br />
oog oo 000<br />
0001000 000 00 a<br />
000000 0 0<br />
41"<br />
8<br />
..<br />
A<br />
go, 4.1.<br />
O 100 Se o<br />
1 i oemio 4141 owilest<br />
IQ.. 100<br />
Op 0 00 0 0<br />
0000 0<br />
maw 0000 "<br />
..<br />
41<br />
0 0 A<br />
owl<br />
000000 0<br />
.2 000 1000 ! no a<br />
00<br />
ol0000 00 0000<br />
00000 4100,000<br />
3<br />
<strong>Of</strong>ee 000 <strong>Of</strong> 00<br />
000 0000005<br />
4 "i"<br />
10<br />
000,<br />
00600000<br />
00, 00 00<br />
0 0,<br />
0000 ow ..<br />
e . .. :I.<br />
Goo. ..<br />
" ::ig<br />
4111<br />
000,11__<br />
00<br />
00000000 48<br />
5 . 0 40 : :45 41:iiiii<br />
:ib.<br />
00<br />
0: ..I..::: .. o "<br />
6. 6.<br />
.... Soo So 0000<br />
.... MM.: :::::::<br />
G.... 0 e0 00 molls<br />
.. ...me..<br />
000 *<br />
000 0000<br />
0000 00<br />
00:844<br />
24414"<br />
0000<br />
wee 04<br />
SOO<br />
"<br />
t * 0 0000 0 i: Y<br />
w 00 0 0<br />
00<br />
o0000 is0<br />
goo<br />
00* 0<br />
O<br />
go oe rne<br />
00000000 BO 00<br />
:. "0 oo<br />
ompogrove oil oil So<br />
sow, oo oil<br />
oti og,<br />
000 oeolo gg0000<br />
0'0A., 1014<br />
S.<br />
00 00000000 ONO 000 00<br />
ee , .o..-g<br />
, ,„ . .. . ....... .. se. so<br />
..<br />
..<br />
41:.<br />
.. ..... o .6 r. aim :.<br />
.. ems , ,, , 1 J._ 5. .5 ..... .. .. .. ::<br />
an% o. .. ..... moos m .8 ei 41<br />
000 ee<br />
0-IANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
*<br />
9 0<br />
7.3 Equisetum fluviatile L.<br />
A widespread species of which the ecological requirements are<br />
little understood and need further investigation. Detailed<br />
distribution (e.g. on the tetrad basis) of selected areas or<br />
counties, might shed light onto this problem.<br />
So<br />
00<br />
9<br />
7 5<br />
000 00000000 000<br />
000 0 0 0048100 00 1<br />
0<br />
red ::<br />
00:<br />
0<br />
000<br />
MO<br />
080<br />
0<br />
_ii<br />
owe<br />
000<br />
mug,<br />
0000<br />
SOO<br />
000 0000<br />
1555 00<br />
0000000 00<br />
000 00000010 000<br />
000 00 mee°00 00<br />
oil oomoge 0004100000<br />
00060 ooopeo<br />
000 000,<br />
00<br />
:so:<br />
00<br />
0<br />
EQUISETACEAE<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
4 6<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
EQUISETACEAE 19<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
7.3x7<br />
®EQUISETUM<br />
0<br />
FLUVIATILE X<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PALUSTRE<br />
Kdometres<br />
pnik.<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
1<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
1 2<br />
7.3 x 7 Equisetum fluviatile X palustre<br />
A single population found in 1962 in Harris, v.c. 110 (see<br />
C.N.Page, Br. Fern Gaz., 9: 118-120; 1963 and J.G.Duckett &<br />
C.N.Page, in C.A.Stace (ed.) loc. cit.: 100). It is<br />
morphologically intermediate between the parents but<br />
superficially more like E.palustre than the other putative<br />
parent. It may also be confused with E. x litorale but the length<br />
3<br />
3<br />
20<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
7.4<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
ARVENSE<br />
Field Horsetail<br />
0 100<br />
1<br />
Kianotres<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON 0<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Miles<br />
100<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0 0 0<br />
0 0 000 00 0<br />
06009<br />
00000,00<br />
000060<br />
90<br />
00<br />
5 o<br />
0<br />
000 06 600<br />
o see :41<br />
ele410<br />
:47411<br />
se...... "<br />
solim<br />
eseeesees<br />
eillessoso<br />
ope, e<br />
mil dose* o ll<br />
eg ole eels<br />
ales<br />
se ego<br />
000000 ego 00000 sss s<br />
0<br />
600000<br />
0000<br />
00<br />
. oolloo oimpososo<br />
000<br />
1<br />
e<br />
oo<br />
00000 00<br />
00<br />
09000,00<br />
06990<br />
000<br />
006090000 0000 000<br />
:Mane eV:.<br />
oremose<br />
W<br />
o<br />
0<br />
m<br />
oo so<br />
ego<br />
so<br />
7.4 Diudsetuln arvense L.<br />
v:9<br />
e<br />
1 2<br />
A widespread species of inorganic soils and therefore absent<br />
from squares which are covered predominantly by peat. An<br />
interesting high mountain flush ecotype would be worth<br />
mapping separately; it could be overlooked as E.palustre but<br />
has the lowermost internodes of the branches characteristically<br />
longer than the main stem sheath subtending those branches.<br />
00<br />
2<br />
3<br />
00 0 0<br />
0 0 00 00<br />
0 0<br />
00 0 0<br />
00<br />
00<br />
0000 00000<br />
06 00000000<br />
See 01:00 60<br />
0000000 60000<br />
ee e 00060<br />
00 00<br />
0:8 099 0 000<br />
O 6090000<br />
00 06800<br />
000 00090<br />
00006 0600<br />
00<br />
6::0:<br />
000090 00<br />
0000090 60 0000<br />
0006000 006000000<br />
600600 0000000<br />
000066 000000000<br />
0000 0000000<br />
0<br />
0006 0000 SOO<br />
9090 0000 090 00<br />
60000000 00900 00<br />
00000000 000<br />
0000000 000<br />
090000000 000<br />
0600 000 900<br />
000 000 00<br />
4<br />
55555 sIsSIe s<br />
es see 0000<br />
essee ee es e<br />
000 e.e.see e<br />
0000 es<br />
1140 5555 5.<br />
se ese se *se<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
HX<br />
EQUISETACEAE<br />
N2<br />
MIS esee ese See<br />
000 00000000 0000<br />
See eee00000 0000<br />
00000000e 0000000 Sees<br />
000000000 00000006 000<br />
00 06606600 0000000 00<br />
090 0000000 000000000 00 OS<br />
00000600 06000006 690 06 06.<br />
000000006 0000000 0900000 000<br />
000 0090 06 000060606 9 09 00<br />
0 00000060 6000000 600060 0060<br />
Ov 01:10006 600000660 000006 OS<br />
00 0000 000000 0000000 000<br />
00 00 0006 60000000 00006000 0<br />
60090009 99009009 000990000 609901109<br />
90 096 6600069411 06066600 09660606<br />
o 000060 00090069 090$1006 0600000<br />
00 000 00 01106 060 See 990 0000<br />
600 60 000<br />
00 00000000 000000<br />
9009 00000060 0000<br />
60000 00000600 00060<br />
60000 9600 060000 00<br />
_Ipmwoo 00006 00096000 00<br />
66 000600000 0000600 00660060<br />
060 0000006 8000000 00000660<br />
00000011 Se See 600000<br />
00606000<br />
0000<br />
00006 00<br />
0111<br />
3 4 5 6<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
EQUISETACEAE 21<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
7.4x3<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
X LITORALE<br />
100<br />
1 1<br />
1Gkenstres<br />
OWNS: ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Udell<br />
0<br />
100<br />
0<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
0 2 3 4<br />
0<br />
2<br />
00<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
e<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
S.<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
7.4x 3 Equisetum x litorale Kuhlew. ex Rupr.<br />
(E. arvense xfluviatile)<br />
Considering the dissimilarity of the habitat required by each<br />
parent this hybrid is surprisingly frequent. It is also extremely<br />
variable: in drier habitats specimens often approach E.arvense<br />
and in wet ones E.fluviatile (see J.G.Duckett & C.N.Page, in<br />
C.A.Stace (ed.), loc.cit.: 101; 1975).<br />
4 6<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
22 EQUISETACEAE<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
7.7x8<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
X FONT-QUERI<br />
7.4x7<br />
®EQUISETUM<br />
X ROTHMALERI<br />
Kkmatres<br />
Miles<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
loo<br />
tz)<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
1 2<br />
eh<br />
1 2<br />
7.4 x 7 Equisetum X rothmaleri C.N.Page<br />
(E.arvense x palustre)<br />
A single small colony of this hybrid was found on the<br />
Trotternish peninsula, v.c. 104. It resembles a yellow-green<br />
E.palustre with a broader outline and more conspicuously<br />
angled branches.<br />
See C.N.Page, Watsonia 9: 229-237; '1973, and J.G.Duckett &<br />
C.N.Page, in C.A.Stace (ed.)loc. cit.; 102; 1975 for notes on<br />
both these hybrids.<br />
e<br />
3 4<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
5 6<br />
7.7 x 8 Equisetum font-queri Rothm.<br />
(E.palustrex telmateia)<br />
Similarly found on the Trotternish peninsula, v.c. 104, but as an<br />
extensive colony. It has the overall appearance of a narrower<br />
E.telmateia with cones on the vegetative shoots (as in<br />
E.palustre).<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
EQUISETACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
0<br />
7.5<br />
EQUISETUM N2<br />
PRATENSE<br />
Shady Horsetail<br />
O 100<br />
Lt.<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
UTM GRO<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mies<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
e<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0 0<br />
5 5<br />
24 EQUISETACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
7.6<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
EQUISETUM 0000<br />
000000<br />
0 000<br />
SYLVATICUM see..<br />
9 9<br />
Wood Horsetail<br />
8<br />
04 00000_0 000 00<br />
::164A1,22 60 00<br />
o 100 000 0<br />
1 1 00a1Ai Os<br />
Kdornetres<br />
100<br />
00000600<br />
00000 00<br />
Miles 00000<br />
e<br />
0000<br />
9 000<br />
..<br />
000<br />
000<br />
000 0 OS fi<br />
2 0000 00001<br />
0600 0,0 00 ...,<br />
000 0<br />
000 0000 0<br />
00000 00<br />
000 00<br />
00000<br />
o 51 . on:.::. 0000 00<br />
0000<br />
0000<br />
000 000 000<br />
000 0000060 0<br />
00 0 0 o 0000 000 00<br />
00 sod<br />
5 oo Go<br />
0<br />
UTM GRID<br />
0 2 0 1 :<br />
.<br />
s,<br />
0 "'<br />
41+4110"41<br />
0 00<br />
00<br />
000 00<br />
o<br />
o<br />
:::: 4:<br />
000 00<br />
7.6 Equisetum sylvaticum L.<br />
A widespread species of wet woodland or upland peat which<br />
was formerly wooded. Absent from a large part of the<br />
agricultural areas of central and southern Britain.<br />
2<br />
00<br />
00<br />
0000 000<br />
00 000000<br />
000 _ 00000<br />
0006 0000<br />
00 00<br />
O 0 I::<br />
fis<br />
oo<br />
0 00 00 000 Oi<br />
, AMO A 0<br />
e<br />
oil (50 to 00<br />
o8 ' i<br />
00 1<br />
: ,188i i. ..<br />
00 00<br />
9<br />
1 00<br />
.<br />
Won<br />
9 0 :0<br />
O<br />
00<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS
EQUISETACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
7.7<br />
EQUISETUM<br />
PALUSTRE<br />
00<br />
Marsh Horsetail 6 00000<br />
0 00<br />
0006<br />
660;1:0 006<br />
u sosoos so<br />
so soo<br />
0066 000<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
urmum<br />
Kicenrnm<br />
Nfts<br />
9<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
100<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
cs`<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
55<br />
00<br />
OO 0<br />
6060<br />
00 0000<br />
so 0000<br />
esso osoo<br />
SOO 00<br />
0 0<br />
e<br />
so<br />
..i: 55..<br />
000<br />
00<br />
°Fr<br />
600 0001<br />
2 600<br />
00<br />
00000 00<br />
00000 000<br />
0 0000 000 00<br />
06<br />
n 05<br />
00<br />
60000 0<br />
000 :0 :05<br />
.<br />
0 000 000<br />
0006 00<br />
00000 000<br />
0000 00<br />
" 00_00000 000<br />
::0::0: .41.<br />
0000000 ,-.000 OW. 46:: 19.<br />
6: -- 0 :g 0000 0 0hoe<br />
0 0 06:<br />
5 0 00 66 4100:::::. : 411<br />
so soompo p osooeso<br />
ammo<br />
oss o so i o<br />
000000 00<br />
00 00 0000 0<br />
0 000 00000<br />
. 0 0000<br />
41<br />
.0 o 0000 00 0000<br />
0000<br />
00000 000 00000<br />
00000<br />
000000 00 0006 00<br />
sot) Spo :<br />
0000 00<br />
5<br />
o5 oo<br />
40 :00 000 00<br />
000 "'<br />
0<br />
o go oo<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
O.<br />
, "0<br />
006<br />
00<br />
00<br />
0 0 0 0....<br />
0 40C<br />
o<br />
0<br />
--<br />
il le<br />
460 :<br />
0000<br />
0006000<br />
000000006<br />
000000<br />
0 100000<br />
: 0:000<br />
000000<br />
NO<br />
60<br />
0100000<br />
606 00<br />
0:41: 00<br />
000<br />
000<br />
0000<br />
00000<br />
elm<br />
6 61 : 0 : 46: 40 46<br />
000 00<br />
0 o oo 000<br />
0 0 00 0. o 0 5555555 0000000 0 00 0 00 00<br />
o 00000 0000000 0 60000 NO<br />
I<br />
00 0000 000600 00 000006 ::4646<br />
0 00 0060 00000 00 0000000_<br />
00600 3:0 00 06000660<br />
000000 00 060 010 000<br />
1 2 3<br />
55<br />
44 55<br />
moo<br />
0 mom,<br />
606 My<br />
000<br />
_955 00 0 0000 600<br />
NO00 se ONO 00 000<br />
9 555 m 5555 s000se. so.<br />
saw oil sos oo os se so<br />
o 5555555 5014555.0<br />
4155 55 mmo m oss<br />
0<br />
4 5 6<br />
7.7 Equisetum palustre L.<br />
A widespread species requiring moving ground water with a<br />
medium base-content (calcium/magnesium). <strong>The</strong> absence of<br />
records from peat and base-poor soils is probably realistic.<br />
6<br />
25<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
26<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
7.8<br />
6<br />
EQUISETUM N2<br />
TELMATEIA PP!'<br />
9<br />
Great Horsetail<br />
O 100<br />
1<br />
Ki001 110011<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
MMWM<br />
PM.<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
7.8 Ikpaseturn telmateia arh.<br />
0<br />
00<br />
8 8<br />
A southern sub-Atlantic species which reaches its northernmost<br />
station in Britain. It requires a high base-status and is recorded<br />
on siliceous or peaty soils only where there are base-rich flushes.<br />
2<br />
of<br />
0<br />
0010 0<br />
I° :8<br />
0:800 00<br />
.0 61:16 00<br />
0:<br />
00<br />
0i14100 o<br />
000 00 °<br />
00 0<br />
0<br />
os 00 00<br />
00 00 00<br />
..<br />
00000 000<br />
ilo<br />
0600<br />
00<br />
00 0<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5 6<br />
e4q„,, o<br />
0 o<br />
e: s::<br />
000 14:0<br />
00 00000<br />
mime oo n 061 00<br />
41111. 00 de<br />
-6 44<br />
041, 0:0 00000<br />
moo* oo<br />
00 0 0<br />
000 o<br />
0 00 0 00 :<br />
oil<br />
0<br />
oo<br />
0 0<br />
I:2 MI 0<br />
5 000<br />
6° 2 0 A:<br />
fife :: 0 .44<br />
oio<br />
Ss<br />
EQUISETACEAE<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 27<br />
0<br />
0<br />
8.1<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
4/5<br />
0<br />
o<br />
BOTRYCHIUM 00 N2<br />
00 00<br />
LUNARIA<br />
Moonwort<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
00<br />
9 9<br />
00 N1<br />
o st<br />
8<br />
—<br />
8<br />
Kikrnonne<br />
Mike<br />
9<br />
100<br />
100<br />
2<br />
68<br />
e<br />
oiloo<br />
00 000 o<br />
00000<br />
0000000<br />
000<br />
000<br />
0<br />
o so oo<br />
003<br />
0<br />
:66<br />
0 41 0°0<br />
00 00.<br />
7<br />
5<br />
4<br />
6<br />
6<br />
0 00 0<br />
.:r 00<br />
6<br />
o<br />
tev<br />
0<br />
5 ,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0 0<br />
O.<br />
000:::<br />
0 00<br />
0<br />
09 OS<br />
00<br />
000<br />
00<br />
00<br />
5<br />
o o so<br />
o<br />
ioo a<br />
00 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
:V<br />
0 o<br />
0<br />
i<br />
0 o<br />
5<br />
0<br />
:: 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
o<br />
00<br />
00 .<br />
00 0 0 4<br />
1 00<br />
00000<br />
00 0<br />
8<br />
8 8 oo<br />
og 8 o<br />
0<br />
000 4141<br />
00<br />
so<br />
ܤ)<br />
058<br />
oo oo<br />
2 3 4 5<br />
8:*<br />
0 0<br />
8.1 Botrychium lunaria (L.) Swartz<br />
A widespread northern-continental species requiring welldrained<br />
sites with a high base-content. It is decreasing in<br />
lowland sites due to intensive land management. <strong>The</strong> specimens<br />
that gave rise to the records of B.lanceolatum (S.G.Gmel.)<br />
Ångstr., B.matricariifolium A.Br. ex Koch and B.multifidum<br />
(S.G.Gmel.) Rupr. (J.E.Dandy, List Brit. Vasc. Pl.: 7; 1958)<br />
are abnormal forms of iflunaria.<br />
00<br />
6<br />
co!<br />
0<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
28<br />
0<br />
7<br />
9.1<br />
OPHIOGLOSSUM<br />
VULGATUM<br />
Adder's - tongue<br />
1610metres<br />
Mika<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID r<br />
too<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
oft<br />
6 6<br />
o 00<br />
0 o<br />
og<br />
0<br />
090<br />
0<br />
:1?) e.<br />
404, 0<br />
9P<br />
5 0 ewe 0 l 0 5<br />
00<br />
11100 000<br />
I 000 000<br />
00 0<br />
411 00 0001,0Q00<br />
00<br />
0 00 00 00<br />
0 000 0410 00<br />
0<br />
0<br />
4<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0.0000<br />
0<br />
a 410111:<br />
00<br />
00 041 0<br />
0<br />
000 I AP<br />
555 0<br />
0 0<br />
0 004,0 410 00 000<br />
040<br />
o<br />
0 0 f of MS<br />
0<br />
o 0<br />
3<br />
ri? 0 00411<br />
00<br />
0 1<br />
::::00 411 00<br />
0:1:1 NO 0<br />
0<br />
o<br />
0 8 SOO 4141 Oi:141<br />
HW<br />
.0 J.." Woo 44- I! :$41 " ::.: erroos r<br />
orir<br />
:: 411.<br />
Ise<br />
es 4141<br />
4.4141<br />
so<br />
6 41 e rorpo<br />
ii:<br />
00.0 .<br />
P.0<br />
9 0 :r i<br />
9.1 Ophioglossum vulgatum L.<br />
A plant of wet meadows and fens and in similar deep loam soils;<br />
also in coastal sand-dune slacks and in Scotland in flushed areas<br />
on machair. Land reclamation is reducing the known sites.<br />
0<br />
os<br />
oo<br />
00<br />
0 .00<br />
0 30<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE<br />
r<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
.41<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE 29<br />
0<br />
0<br />
9.2<br />
OPHIOGLOSSUM<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
AZORICUM 4<br />
9<br />
0<br />
GHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
O 100<br />
Kilornatres<br />
9<br />
614<br />
100<br />
8 8<br />
.o<br />
2<br />
6 6<br />
5 5<br />
fir<br />
2 3 4 5<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
N2<br />
9.2 Ophioglossum azoricum C.Pres1<br />
(0.vulgatum L.subsp. ambiguum (Coss. & Germ.)<br />
E.F.Warb.)<br />
This is a taxon that requires further investigation and its<br />
relationship to 0.vulgatum is not clear. As in the Critical Suppl.<br />
this map is based on specimens having 14 or fewer sporangia, a<br />
sterile blade less than 3.5cm and occurring in short turf near the<br />
sea.<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
30 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
9.3<br />
OPHIOGLOSSUM<br />
LUSITANICUM<br />
0 100<br />
I<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mks<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL GLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 Wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
9<br />
1<br />
100<br />
t;Z:r<br />
9.3 Ophioglossum lusitanicum L.<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
2<br />
fl fifi 6<br />
A Mediterranean and south Atlantic species which reaches its<br />
northernmost station in Britain (<strong>Isles</strong> of Scilly). As the plant is<br />
evident between November and February only, dying down<br />
completely during the rest of the year, it may have been overlooked<br />
in S.W. Ireland.<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
OSMUNDACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
0<br />
10.1<br />
OSMUNDA<br />
REGALIS<br />
Royal Fern<br />
moo s<br />
G-IANNEL GLANDS<br />
ow 04<br />
0000o<br />
*00<br />
9<br />
PLOTTED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Kilometres<br />
.6*<br />
100<br />
-<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
2<br />
so S.<br />
S.<br />
1 d8<br />
100<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
Meets 0<br />
9<br />
0<br />
:: r<br />
0<br />
.. .. :<br />
.... .. .0<br />
0<br />
... ...... ....<br />
0 8<br />
0 *8° 0 01<br />
0<br />
g .0 i. _ 10<br />
055 0<br />
°,4,<br />
" 0<br />
g S ‘-'<br />
I. 4110<br />
0041100 411<br />
414*<br />
0 00<br />
ii0<br />
oe<br />
0. 0<br />
8<br />
0<br />
0<br />
08.<br />
0 0<br />
00<br />
0<br />
0<br />
O<br />
*co<br />
0<br />
000000<br />
0 SOO<br />
000 00<br />
00<br />
0411<br />
0 0 .00<br />
0 .0 0. 1 8<br />
4<br />
o<br />
o<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
0 : :WS<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
10.1 Osmunda regalis L.<br />
A sub-Atlantic species reaching the northern limit of its natural<br />
distribution in Zetland (v.c. 112). It is a species often removed<br />
from the wild and introduced into gardens, from which spores<br />
spread naturally, thus its native occurrence in some parts of<br />
Britain is difficult to assess. Its distribution shows that it prefers<br />
a high rainfall. It is a feature of western bogs which receive<br />
considerable base cations from salt-laden winds. Further inland<br />
it is characteristic of valley mires.<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
1<br />
0<br />
31<br />
3<br />
2
32 ADIANTACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
8<br />
11.1<br />
CRYPTOGRAMMA<br />
CRISPA<br />
Parsley Fern<br />
J<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
KIlometres<br />
Mites<br />
9<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
r<br />
100<br />
8<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
1<br />
2<br />
00<br />
:<br />
3<br />
6 6<br />
n<br />
500<br />
0<br />
0 05<br />
ior:<br />
11.1 Cryptogramma crispa (L.) Hook.<br />
An arctic-alpine species restricted to calcium-free siliceous soils<br />
and rock screes. Absent from such habitats in the west where<br />
these are enriched with base-rich cations from salt-laden winds.<br />
A very local plant in Ireland. A.P.Conolly & E.Dahl (in<br />
D.Walker & R.West (eds.), Studies in the vegetational history<br />
of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>: 196; 1970) _correlate the present-day<br />
distribution of this species with the 24°C maximum summer<br />
temperature summit (i.e. for the highest places in the landscape)<br />
isotherm for Ireland and Highland Scotland and the 26°C<br />
isotherm for Wales, England and Lowland Scotland.<br />
9 9<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
r 600<br />
0<br />
r, 05i<br />
0 op<br />
§38.<br />
, 0<br />
'66<br />
0<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
7 5 6<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
rT.<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
ADIANTACEAE 33<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
0 0<br />
12 .1<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
UTM GRID<br />
ANOGRAMMA m2<br />
LEPTOPHYLL A<br />
Jersey Fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 w,<br />
100<br />
100<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
9 9<br />
2<br />
1<br />
.01<br />
4a<br />
.o<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
12.1 Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link<br />
A Mediterranean and south Atlantic species which reaches its<br />
northernmost limits in Guernsey (Sarnia). It is an annual plant<br />
and any catastrophe which prevented the maturation of fertile<br />
fronds could seriously deplete a population.<br />
4<br />
6
34 ADIANTACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
13.1<br />
ADIANTUM<br />
CAPILLUS -<br />
VENERIS<br />
Maidenhair Fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
MiI<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
41"'<br />
13.1 Adiantum capillus-veneris L.<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
A Mediterranean and south Atlantic species which reaches its<br />
northernmost limits as a native plant on the coast of v.c. H.35.<br />
It is a species frequently grown in gardens or as a house plant<br />
and spores from this source will establish themselves on<br />
calcareous substrates (e.g. mortar or calcareous stone walls) in<br />
warm situations; such records are not mapped.<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
1<br />
,<br />
2<br />
0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
.41<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
3 4 5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
01:*<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 35<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
0 0<br />
14.1<br />
5<br />
8<br />
HYMENOPHYLLUM<br />
TUNBRIGENSE<br />
Tunbridge<br />
Filmy - fern<br />
100<br />
Kilometres<br />
0 100<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Nu.<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 w,<br />
UTM GRID<br />
tf?' r<br />
So<br />
0<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
3<br />
6 6<br />
9 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0 00 0<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
io<br />
o<br />
oo<br />
14.1 Hymenophyllum tunbrigense (L.) Sm.<br />
7 5<br />
A species of restricted occurrence in Europe not recorded north<br />
of its <strong>British</strong> localities in v.c. 104. Its distribution in Britain and<br />
Ireland is mainly determined by the occurrence of suitable<br />
microclimates and substrata (see P.W.Richards & G.B.Evans,<br />
Biological Flora of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>: Hymenophyllum, J.Ecol.<br />
60: 245-258; 1972).<br />
N1<br />
N2<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
36 HYMENOPHYLLACEAE<br />
0<br />
0<br />
14.2<br />
HYMENOPHYLLUM<br />
WILSON!!<br />
Wilson's<br />
Filmy - fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON<br />
0 wv<br />
UTM GRID r<br />
t;Z)<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
14.2 Hymenophyllum wilsonii Hook.<br />
A species of very restricted range (Madeira; Azores; Brittany;<br />
Faeroes; and Norway) generally widespread in W.Britain and<br />
Ireland. Its distribution depends on factors affecting<br />
atmospheric humidity but is more tolerant of exposure and<br />
desiccation than H.tunbrigense. (See P.W.Richards &<br />
G.B.Evans, Biological Flora of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>:<br />
Hymenophyllum, J. Ecol. 60: 258-268; 1972).<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
1<br />
00<br />
D<br />
r<br />
co.<br />
::4455<br />
)<br />
se.<br />
oo<br />
o<br />
:5 055<br />
co<br />
8<br />
*IL 4it<br />
I 0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
Q<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
af"<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
HYMENOPHYLLACEAE 37<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
0<br />
15.1<br />
TRICHOMANES<br />
SPECIOSUM<br />
Killarney Fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
Pities<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 w,<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
15.1 Trichomanes speciosum Willd.<br />
2<br />
1<br />
1 2<br />
A species confined in Europe to the western seaboard although<br />
the distribution is controlled within that climatic zone by<br />
suitable substrate (preferably a coarse sandstone interbedded<br />
with some impervious layer which can produce lateral<br />
movement of ground water). Many old sites have been made<br />
extinct by the depredation of collectors; it may yet be refound<br />
3 4<br />
3<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
4 5<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
on Arran, v.c. 100, and on the northernmost locality so far<br />
recorded, Ardlamont Point, v.c. 98 (see W.Stewart, Trans.<br />
Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow 6: 18-21; 1899). <strong>The</strong> map shows as a<br />
solid dot all squares where the species has been at any time<br />
recorded. Trichomanes speciosum is protected by the<br />
Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act, 1975.<br />
tr?<br />
0<br />
0
38 POLYPODIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
16.1 -3<br />
POLYPODIUM<br />
VULGARE agg . 9<br />
Polypody<br />
o<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
0 100<br />
1<br />
Kamotras<br />
PLOTTED ON 0<br />
Mika<br />
100<br />
8<br />
2<br />
116:::<br />
o _ooeil000<br />
1 01:<br />
so<br />
o<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
00 NW<br />
ihoo<br />
N2<br />
::<br />
vow.* 4 okp<br />
'mu 9<br />
oe<br />
0000<br />
aloe ompo<br />
m moo eos0000<br />
omp oolloo ol0000 moo<br />
oemp oomeo foomp000<br />
eoompome oo moo<br />
I<br />
osemo 000mpoo<br />
eo oloom po oul000eo<br />
oo mimeo memo<br />
oloommoo o<br />
el000mmoo moo<br />
osomoopeo oo<br />
omp000 o<br />
o<br />
, oemp000 mime<br />
oo<br />
oes*<br />
wee 0 oo<br />
Goo empoompo<br />
o imeo<br />
mmo ompoompoo .<br />
000000 000000<br />
oso mimeo<br />
m mo<br />
eovel000 4400000<br />
omm00000 olleo 000<br />
: o ::. :::: :::::: o<br />
oo :<br />
5.<br />
0<br />
... oir 4. ::::::::: : 0<br />
. o oo<br />
1 :PH I*<br />
Illooioo::<br />
000 o oill<br />
411:":: :<br />
mil oe oopooto<br />
"<br />
0 moo moo<br />
os ooems oo wo<br />
A.° 80 e lo oo<br />
. -41 6<br />
000 moo oo<br />
" 411 - oo 414 0 o no go<br />
oils*<br />
0 00o .0 6 110 04, : Al<br />
oe<br />
0000000n<br />
ofo<br />
oo<br />
oo 000e<br />
000 o4oleo<br />
oil ol000e 04 oo<br />
odlooroo orloe<br />
ooe 0000000 um<br />
ooe<br />
ism "'moo 000 00<br />
00 000 0000 000 00<br />
000 00000000<br />
00<br />
000 000000<br />
0:::O : 0 000<br />
000 00 000<br />
4041 ill 41 0 00 0000 00<br />
."<br />
104:1in 11 4' ! : III<br />
000 000 000<br />
I i<br />
0000 0000000 000 0 oo oo 0000<br />
0000 000000000<br />
oo so moo<br />
000 0000<br />
1<br />
0000 00000000 .00 000<br />
ouloo vim<br />
000000 00000000 0000000 000 000 oo<br />
Mr "<br />
ommoompo moose moo 000 000<br />
ooloompo oilooeo<br />
::5<br />
oos000 oo<br />
e 0000loo oolloo<br />
. eelreo 00 0000<br />
9<br />
UTM GRID .6r<br />
0<br />
o<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
0 e 00 000 0000 00<br />
000 00 00000 0<br />
:: ::::::: 02i0 00<br />
0000 00000000 .00000<br />
0000 0000000 0000 000 000000<br />
::: :::::::: :::: ::: Utts:::<br />
000000 00 00000 0 000<br />
0000000 00<br />
00000000<br />
00000000<br />
00<br />
0 0<br />
2 3 4 5 6<br />
16.1-3 Pokypoldiurn vulgare aggregate<br />
As many previous records and those for the <strong>Atlas</strong> were made on<br />
an aggregate basis, treating the complex as a single species, a<br />
map of such general distribution is given here. For taxonomy<br />
and notes on identification see M.G.Shivas, J. Linn.<br />
Soc. Bot. 58: 27-38; 1961; Br. Fern Gaz., 9: 65-70; 1962;<br />
P.M.Benoit, Br. Fern Gaz. 7: 277-282; 1966; R.H.Roberts &<br />
D.M.Synnott, Watsonia, 9: 34-41; 1972.<br />
4<br />
6<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
POLYPODIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
16.1<br />
POLYPODIUM<br />
VULGARE<br />
Polypody<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kimmins<br />
Mice<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
9<br />
100<br />
1<br />
oo<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2 3<br />
1<br />
3<br />
Is<br />
000. ugo o*<br />
*goo<br />
er<br />
o::<br />
0<br />
0 '<br />
oo o<br />
o<br />
oo<br />
..<br />
5 obi 4<br />
oo<br />
8 _<br />
, e.<br />
6 0<br />
So<br />
0.<br />
:<br />
0<br />
fio<br />
o<br />
0<br />
0.<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
o<br />
- 0<br />
2 3 4 5<br />
o<br />
00<br />
imp<br />
16.1 Polypodium vulgare L.<br />
A widespread species absent from parts of central and N.E.<br />
England through lack of suitable habitat. It is absent from<br />
industrial areas possibly because, not having an annual flush of<br />
new fronds, its leaves become soot covered and non-functional.<br />
0<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
o<br />
0<br />
39<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
40 POLYPODIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
16.2<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
POLYPODIUM N2<br />
INTERJECTUM<br />
Intermediate<br />
Polypody<br />
t?<br />
Kdometres<br />
9<br />
100<br />
1<br />
100<br />
16.2 Polypodium interjectum Shivas<br />
(P.vulgare auct.; P.vulgare L. subsp. prionodes<br />
Rothm.)<br />
\<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
A sub-Atlantic alloploid species derived from hybridization<br />
of 16.1 and 16.3 having intermediate characters, both<br />
morphological and ecological. Its weak lime requirements are<br />
satisfied in coastal habitats by salt-laden winds and it is often a<br />
common component of mature sand-dune systems. It may also<br />
require a generally higher humidity than P.vulgare.<br />
2<br />
o<br />
.o<br />
Oa:<br />
00<br />
,<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
lix<br />
.J71<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
6 6<br />
9<br />
CNANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
8 0<br />
1:5?<br />
1<br />
00<br />
0<br />
SI<br />
:68 o<br />
*I II<br />
0<br />
I.<br />
0:<br />
.8 Is o8 8<br />
o . t (Poo<br />
our :<br />
o<br />
000<br />
0 0 0 0<br />
0 r ::<br />
.04)<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
POLYPODIACEAE 41<br />
0<br />
7<br />
8<br />
0<br />
16.2 x1<br />
POLYPODIUM<br />
X MANTONIAE<br />
Xdornetres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
100<br />
100<br />
9<br />
6 6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
2<br />
ss<br />
8<br />
8 0<br />
8<br />
9<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
00<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
N2<br />
16.2 x 1 Polypodium X mantoniae Rothm.<br />
(P.interjectum x vulgare)<br />
This hybrid can be recognized by its vigour, often forming large<br />
clones; morphologically it is intermediate between the parents.<br />
Frequent throughout Britain but less so in Ireland. <strong>The</strong> density<br />
of records for this hybrid in north and south-west Wales reflects<br />
concentrated field-work and its apparent scarcity elsewhere may<br />
not be a biological reality.<br />
Q<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
42<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
16.3<br />
POLYPODIUM<br />
AUSTRALE<br />
Southern<br />
Polypody<br />
0 100<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mi<br />
9<br />
9<br />
1<br />
100<br />
16.3 Polypodium australe Fée<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
(P.vulgare auct.; P.vulgare subsp. serrulatum<br />
/Arcangeli)<br />
A Mediterranean/south Atlantic species reaching its northern<br />
limit on Lismore, v.c. 98. For the most part requiring limestone<br />
or similar high-calcium bearing rock substrate (e.g. mortared<br />
walls); usually on the warmer south-facing aspect when in its<br />
colder locations. Many records under the name P.vulgare var.<br />
serratum Willd. have been shown to be this taxon or a hybrid of<br />
it . (See R.H.Roberts & D.M.Synnott , Watsonia, 9: 34-41; 1972;<br />
A.Rutherford & A.McG.Stirling, Watsonia, 9: 357-361; 1973).<br />
2<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON owv ei<br />
UTM GRID<br />
t;)<br />
3<br />
o<br />
1 2 3<br />
0<br />
I.<br />
o<br />
0<br />
4<br />
0<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
POLYPODIACEAE<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
5 6
POLYPODIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
16.3x1<br />
POLYPODIUM<br />
X FONT-QUERI<br />
en,<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
100<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
0 wv<br />
UT M GRID r<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
9 9<br />
8 8<br />
2<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
HX<br />
N2<br />
16.3 x 1 Polypodium X font-queri Rothm.<br />
(P.austrate x vulgare)<br />
Recognized by the large thin-textured lamina, often with<br />
twisted pinnae; plants often show hybrid vigour. For the most<br />
part it is intermediate between the parents, preferring base-rich<br />
rocks or as an epiphyte within reach of salt-laden winds. (See<br />
A.Rutherford & A.McG.Stirling, Br.Fern Gaz. 10: 233-235;<br />
1972).<br />
4 6<br />
Q<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0<br />
43
44<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
8<br />
16.3x 2<br />
POLYPODIUM<br />
X SHIVASIAE<br />
0 100<br />
Kdornetres<br />
Mks<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 w,<br />
UTM GRID<br />
/<br />
1<br />
9 0<br />
C3.<br />
1;;)<br />
16.3 x 2 Polypodium x shivasiae Rothm.<br />
100<br />
(P.australex interjectum)<br />
Occasionally found with parents but an uncommon hybrid and<br />
absolutely sterile. Possibly mistaken for sterile and depauperate<br />
P.interjectum.<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
40.<br />
N1<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
POLYPODIACEAE<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE<br />
0<br />
0<br />
17.1<br />
PTERI DI UM<br />
AQU I LI NUM<br />
Brac ken<br />
CHANNEL GLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
OM GRID<br />
100<br />
Kiarriftm I<br />
9<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
LZ)<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
8<br />
000 00<br />
000800 00<br />
00800<br />
08000000<br />
06000000<br />
0060000<br />
00004100<br />
00088<br />
00080 60080 08<br />
00008 800000068<br />
000004100 00080000<br />
0800006 00000000<br />
00000000 808 00000<br />
080000600<br />
000000 08868000<br />
00 000 80000000<br />
000000 oomm000<br />
oemp000po **Soo*<br />
imool000s moo*<br />
soviloompo oso<br />
oolosome so<br />
emu.<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
00000<br />
0006<br />
000000 0880 00<br />
moor esmmeeo<br />
see oo somm000s<br />
so oo osompo<br />
wpm mos000se so<br />
sws ompoosso oo<br />
oo oomp000 go<br />
moo oil sumo<br />
eom peems soos0000s<br />
soomiloos sse so*<br />
*m olio<br />
spooseso moos<br />
soosooso oo<br />
oommoomos<br />
ofoomps soe So<br />
we* see 'moo<br />
es oomp000<br />
0000 esompeo<br />
owes s000mpoo<br />
sows isemiloo<br />
moos omm0000mil<br />
Somme osoommilee<br />
soso essesoo<br />
os000 esoompoo<br />
N2<br />
moo oessompoo elm<br />
sou s000ssoo cl000s<br />
ommo ools0000s oompoompo *emu<br />
goo* soommoo sompoomee ro<br />
oo oo mpool00000 moose*<br />
Soo oesoes000 ammo so so<br />
oos oompooso osooloomo se see moo<br />
so oommeo Goo sue oil moo es<br />
moo mmoommo oossommo<br />
emi mu.. mm oose. Ur mg "4"<br />
ammo osso woo some. oo moo<br />
osoos soos ern mm ooo on: owl<br />
*sows ossoossoo muses 000 moo<br />
00000000 000000000 0000000 00000 1000<br />
il5o55osoo<br />
000mp000 arn so moo moo<br />
00 00000 0000 00 0000 00 08000 008<br />
06 00 000 00000 0060<br />
000 08008600 0000<br />
04100 80006000 0000 0<br />
080000 000000000 008000600 000<br />
000 0410000 00008000 000<br />
06 000 00000 000000 000060000<br />
0000 00000000 008808000 000800000<br />
0000008 000060 808 0000 0008008<br />
0410008 000 8<br />
00000000<br />
000000000<br />
80008000 000<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
17.1 Flerfidium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn<br />
A widespread and cosmopolitan species absent only from intensely<br />
used agricultural areas. Normally a calcifuge (and<br />
hitherto tetraploid) in Britain; material on limestone in Spain<br />
has been counted as 2n = 52 (diploid). It is impossible to<br />
distinguish this cytotype on morphology but calcicole ecotypes<br />
in S.W. Britain and Ireland should be studied further.<br />
4 6<br />
ote<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0<br />
45
46 THELYPTERIDACEAE<br />
0<br />
5<br />
18.1<br />
THELYPTERIS<br />
THELYPTEROIDES<br />
subsp.<br />
GLABRA<br />
Marsh Fern<br />
Kdometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
100<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
O<br />
HX<br />
HW N2<br />
6 6<br />
9<br />
8<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
8<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
18.1 <strong>The</strong>lypteris thelypteroides Michx subsp. glabra Holub<br />
(T.palustris Schott)<br />
A widespread northern continental species absent from the<br />
Atlantic seaboard where the annual temperature range is<br />
smaller and winters are relatively warmer. It is becoming rare in<br />
many vice-counties through drainage of mires.<br />
<strong>Of</strong>t<br />
o<br />
0<br />
0 0<br />
ss<br />
lq)<br />
0<br />
9<br />
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0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
THELYPTERIDACEAE 47<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
19.1<br />
PHEGOPTERIS<br />
CONNECTILIS<br />
Beech Fern<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
se<br />
Wie<br />
S. SS<br />
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8<br />
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100 :::::::<br />
Kdootern 00000000 0<br />
100<br />
000000<br />
Mdes 410000000<br />
0114100<br />
9<br />
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0.0 o<br />
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mil 000 0<br />
-, milimil<br />
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0 0 soe*<br />
See ":::::<br />
00 o 411414,<br />
woo 4<br />
0114, ii 0<br />
0<br />
Sou.<br />
immil 4141<br />
, 5<br />
o wil<br />
, SU e<br />
..- 411 4941<br />
9 0<br />
COWINELISLMW<br />
cqq,<br />
PLOTMD01.4 Om<br />
UTMWO<br />
441. o<br />
o mil 0<br />
00<br />
tZ)<br />
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mile<br />
441<br />
00 oil<br />
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8<br />
.1410<br />
o o 041<br />
41410<br />
9 0 0 0*<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
o<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
7 5<br />
N2<br />
19.1 Phegopteris connectilis (Michx) Watt<br />
(<strong>The</strong>lypteris phegopteris (L.) Slosson)<br />
A northern continental species in the west and north of Britain<br />
with outliers in the Weald and East Anglia; rare in Ireland. It<br />
prefers humid banks where moving water can flush through its<br />
root system.<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
48 THELYPTERIDACEAE<br />
0<br />
O 1 2 3 4<br />
20 .1 HX<br />
00 HW<br />
OREOPTERIS miss. N2<br />
Gem 411<br />
LIMBOSPERMA MM.: otP<br />
oil<br />
9 9<br />
.°<br />
eomn.<br />
@W<br />
Lennon - scented um*<br />
moo 4,0<br />
Fern mimome ore o<br />
?<br />
Kdomatros<br />
Mika<br />
100<br />
8<br />
1 4<br />
100<br />
e N1<br />
Gorno.<br />
s0000000 oo<br />
— owl mos<br />
0 il ammo. ee*<br />
il moo<br />
o::::::: " i<br />
000004/0<br />
::::<br />
8 ILA:<br />
7 75 4 6<br />
*Mg:<br />
2 4111:841:<br />
o t:it°8 94<br />
3,<br />
*ea:: :::e geo: ::<br />
6<br />
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o<br />
g o::::::: g41::: 8<br />
0<br />
:re os 0<br />
s 0 o<br />
Q<br />
o :Ur w :<br />
o 41,6 too<br />
5 00 me.<br />
goo<br />
solo Gov<br />
.,<br />
411<br />
o<br />
.. :::* Lo Os<br />
olime ow,<br />
es<br />
::g: es.<br />
so<br />
.., o<br />
o .02 :141 . : o<br />
0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
8<br />
o .. -1<br />
0 !lit 0 0 8 i. 0<br />
0 08:<br />
9 0<br />
20.1 Chreopterbilimbospermaa (AL11.) Holub<br />
(<strong>The</strong>lypteris oreopteris (Ehrh.) Slosson;<br />
Tdimbosperma (All.) H.P.Fuchs)<br />
A northern sub-Atlantic species which prefers ground water<br />
flowing (at least seasonally) through its root system. In the drier<br />
areas of Britain and Ireland it is therefore often associated with<br />
streamsides and changing land-use with drainage is diminishing<br />
the available sites.<br />
ol<br />
°. S<br />
o<br />
o oo so two 0<br />
ow, 1110 0 e<br />
o<br />
o mlo<br />
sm. so.<br />
oils Imo o<br />
Q 000<br />
00000 0<br />
0000 0<br />
oso<br />
414,<br />
00<br />
oo<br />
; 1 2 3 4<br />
5<br />
0<br />
o g mo2<br />
oi<br />
0<br />
:<br />
o<br />
o 0<br />
olopeo<br />
'moo<br />
milesso<br />
so00000<br />
Soo<br />
5 6<br />
oo<br />
V:<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
0<br />
21.1<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
SCOLOPENDRIUM<br />
Hart's - tongue<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Xiamen,*<br />
Miss<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
VW GRID 0.<br />
1C0<br />
100<br />
C<br />
LI!)<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
2<br />
80<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
r$9<br />
5 r<br />
C<br />
.. .0<br />
00<br />
00 0000<br />
08<br />
0 000<br />
00000<br />
00<br />
000 0000<br />
00 00000 000<br />
00 00 000000000<br />
00000<br />
0000 410<br />
0080<br />
0000 00080000 0000000<br />
000000000 000080000<br />
00 000<br />
0<br />
000<br />
000<br />
000000<br />
80<br />
00000<br />
0000000<br />
0000000<br />
00088<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00 000 0<br />
0 0<br />
ooe so o<br />
oomoempo<br />
ofoolo<br />
odo oo*, oompoosoo o<br />
sou/ 0000mm000<br />
twos moo<br />
oo<br />
ofroosoo00 oiloolo<br />
oompoommo Goo oo oil<br />
ooloompoo moo<br />
000880008 00 000 0<br />
00 00 0 : :<br />
oommehoso 0 si<br />
dmomoo<br />
goo oo<br />
000<br />
00<br />
1<br />
.<br />
I<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
oo A<br />
0<br />
o<br />
o 0<br />
00<br />
0<br />
00 000:<br />
41<br />
; " 0:0 ii01<br />
0' 0<br />
00<br />
80<br />
0000:1:0<br />
800 80<br />
08 00<br />
0800<br />
000 00<br />
:::1:10<br />
000 :00:041<br />
40000<br />
:100<br />
4,110<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00<br />
80<br />
00<br />
00<br />
01:<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00: : 0<br />
t. 2 200 1 1 VW O WOO<br />
GO<br />
410 2:W 4110 : 64 e<br />
.<br />
142<br />
7 4<br />
5 6<br />
O figfoir<br />
446 eipeoo<br />
::<br />
80<br />
: 41141 :0 .<br />
00<br />
U.<br />
:<br />
0000000<br />
oeiros000<br />
*mom<br />
so o00<br />
n o:::.<br />
0000000<br />
0000000<br />
00000000<br />
ompoomp,<br />
Mr.:<br />
.644:111:<br />
00.0<br />
0;141100 0<br />
000 00<br />
:<br />
so<br />
es<br />
: tir<br />
0:: Am :<br />
ii :fi000<br />
LI<br />
so<br />
es<br />
41::<br />
00 000 00 000<br />
0:::: 00:0011:: 000 ::000 00::0000 08<br />
000000 00 0000 000<br />
08000. 0000<br />
000 000000 00 00000 000 000<br />
0000 000080000 000000 . 0 00000<br />
0000000 000 00 00 00008<br />
000000<br />
41:::::::<br />
:i:<br />
5 6<br />
21.1 Asplemiuln scolopendrium<br />
(Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm.)<br />
A southern sub-Atlantic calcicole species which becomes rare in<br />
central and northern Scotland partly through lack of calcareous<br />
substrate and partly because of the lower winter temperatures.<br />
cr!<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0<br />
49
50<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
8<br />
21.1x7b<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
X CONFLUENS<br />
21.5 x1<br />
OASPLENIUM<br />
X MICRODON<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
.//<br />
.61<br />
SI<br />
1 2<br />
21.1 x 7b Asplenium X confluens<br />
(T.Moore ex Lowe) Lawalr&<br />
(A .scolopendrium x trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens;<br />
x Asplenophyllitis confluens (T.Moore &<br />
Lowe)<br />
This hybrid was found at Levens Park, v.c. 69, in 1865 and at<br />
Whitby, v.c. 62, and Killarney, v.c. H2, around 1875; it has not<br />
been found since. <strong>The</strong> plants are more like A .trichomanes with<br />
stouter rachides and thicker leaf tissue, the upper pinnae being<br />
confluent. (See A.G.H.Alston, Proc.Linn.Soc.Lond., 152:<br />
139; 1940 and J.D.Lovis in C.A.Stace (ed.), Hybridisation<br />
and the Flora of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>: 105; 1975).<br />
3<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
4 5<br />
Ni<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
ASPLENIACEAE<br />
21.5 x 1 Asplenium X microdon<br />
(T.Moore) Lovis & Vida<br />
(A .billotii x scolopendrium; x Asplenophyllitis<br />
microdon (T.Moore) Alston)<br />
This hybrid, intermediate between parents, is likely to<br />
be confused only with A. x jacksonii: the latter has a triangular<br />
frond-shape instead of a tapered one as in A. x microdon. (See<br />
P .J.Girard & J .D.Lovis , Br.Fern Gaz. 10: 1-8 (1968);<br />
J.D.Lovis & G . Vida, Br.Fern Gaz. 10: 53-67 (1969); J. D.Lovis<br />
in C.A.Stace (ed.), loc.cit.: 104; and A.G.H.Alston, loc.cit.:<br />
140).<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
6<br />
CZ,<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
21.2<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
ADIANTUM —<br />
NIGRUM<br />
Black<br />
Spleenwort<br />
ICAornetres<br />
Mika<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
00<br />
1<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
,<br />
00<br />
000<br />
:000<br />
0, u<br />
00 00<br />
88°<br />
co o0 0<br />
oil<br />
01: o<br />
4141 oe<br />
oo<br />
oim oo gotr000°<br />
o<br />
:44.<br />
.<br />
0 io<br />
olio<br />
mil<br />
illo le<br />
!<br />
o<br />
o<br />
co<br />
we<br />
o' 00<br />
0 0 00<br />
::0<br />
o 0 SO 1.<br />
o 0<br />
o 41:o 0 o<br />
VD<br />
oil<br />
oo o<br />
00<br />
0<br />
oo .<br />
oso 4°<br />
000<br />
0<br />
000 00000 0<br />
OS 0 00<br />
18!<br />
00<br />
00<br />
041 : 41<br />
. ::: :°::<br />
.. ni:<br />
%In<br />
ems<br />
looto 11::: 46:411<br />
:<br />
000000 000<br />
00000<br />
000<br />
°A::<br />
0:. 0:0 00020<br />
1<br />
0000<br />
0000000O<br />
00440004<br />
OM<br />
4,* S<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
75<br />
4,4 1'u:el° :<br />
::: :o ::. eineo o<br />
4,18<br />
s<br />
o o<br />
00000<br />
000 SO o<br />
o<br />
00 00<br />
00<br />
0a0<br />
Mule<br />
goo<br />
ow l<br />
1: of<br />
800 OS<br />
000 01 :<br />
900 00<br />
9 0 oo moo mil<br />
iso::<br />
ooloomo<br />
o oo<br />
000 ammo<br />
0<br />
N2<br />
21.2 Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L.<br />
A southern sub-Atlantic species widespread throughout<br />
Britain and Ireland. A rock plant with some base (possibly<br />
calcium and/or magnesium) requirement, tolerating medium<br />
exposure; it is frequently found in man-made habitats (e.g.<br />
mortared walls) in lowland Britain. This is a species which can<br />
tolerate considerable shade and it will remain as a terrestrial<br />
plant in climax woodland established over calcium-bearing rock<br />
scree.<br />
4 6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
51<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
52 ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
21.2 x 1<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
X JACKSON!!<br />
21.2 x 10<br />
OASPLENIUM<br />
8<br />
X CONTREI<br />
0 100<br />
fr<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kibrnetres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
100<br />
2<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
1 2<br />
21.2 x lAsplenium X jacksonii(Alston)Lawalrée<br />
(A.adiantum-nigrum x scolopendrium;<br />
x Asplenophyllitis jacksonii Alston)<br />
A hybrid, with simply pinnate fronds and a lamina the texture of<br />
A.scolopendrium, which could be confused only with<br />
A. x microdon. <strong>The</strong> latter however has a decrescent frond<br />
whereas A. x jacksonii has the triangular frond-shape of<br />
A.adiantum-nigrum. (See J.D.Lovis in C.A.Stace (ed.), loc.<br />
cit.: 104; J.D.Lovis & Vida, loc.cit.; A.G.H.Alston, loc.cit.:<br />
142.)<br />
3 4<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
5 6<br />
21.2 x 10 Asplenium x contrei<br />
Callé, Lovis & Reichstein<br />
(A.adiantum-nigrum x septentrionale;<br />
A. x souchei auct. non Litard.)<br />
A distinct, hybrid likely to be confused only with<br />
A. x alternifolium from which it differs in having longer<br />
lowermost pinnae giving the fronds a triangular outline. It has<br />
been found once in 1870 on Craig Dhu, Llanberis Pass, v.c. 49<br />
(specimen in herb. K). (See J.D.Lovis in C .A .St ace (ed.),<br />
loc.cit.: 107).<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
ASPLENIACEAE 53<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
21.3<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
ONOPTERIS<br />
21.2x3<br />
0A.X TICINENSE<br />
0 100<br />
Kdornetres<br />
ma.<br />
9<br />
8 9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 w,<br />
UTM GRID cf?'<br />
100<br />
t;Z)<br />
21.3 Asplenium onopteris L.<br />
0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
o<br />
1 2<br />
(A.adiantum-nigrum subsp. onopteris (L.) Luerss.<br />
A.adiantum-nigrum var. acutum (Bory ex Willd.)<br />
Newm.)<br />
A Mediterranean diploid species difficult to separate from 21.2<br />
except in its extreme form where the segments, pinnules and<br />
pinnae are elongate, the latter caudate. R.L.Praeger (Irish Nat.<br />
28: 13-20; 1919) discussed variations and distribution; further<br />
investigation is needed of the N. Irish material which is omitted<br />
from this map. Records for the taxon at the Lizard, v.c. 1,<br />
where the species could be expected, need confirming; all<br />
specimens seen in herbaria could be either 21.2, 3, or 4. Plants<br />
with -narrow a-cute segments from Breiddon Hill, v.c. 47, have<br />
proved to be tetraploid and are omitted from this map.<br />
3 4<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
5 6<br />
21.2 x 3 Asplenium x ticinense D.E.Meyer<br />
(A.adiantum-nigrum x onopteris)<br />
This triploid hybrid has been verified for one locality in<br />
S. Ireland and is probably elsewhere where the parents occur<br />
together (see R.H.Roberts&M.J.P.Scannell, Irish Nat. J., 19:<br />
75-77; 1977).<br />
(<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
54 ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
21.4<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
CUNEIFOLIUM<br />
Serpentine Black<br />
Spleenwort<br />
8 9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 Wv<br />
UT M GRID<br />
21.4 Asplenium cuneifolium L.<br />
1<br />
100<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
(A.adiantum-nigrum subsp. serpentini (Tausch) Heuffl.)<br />
This species is another diploid cytotype of the A.adiantumnigrum<br />
complex, scattered across central Europe and recently<br />
recorded for Scotland; (see R.H.Roberts & A.McG.Stirling<br />
(Fern Gaz., I: 7-14; 1974) where morphology is fully<br />
discussed). It is a plant of serpentine rocks best separated from<br />
21.2 by the straight or concave margins at the base of the<br />
cuneate segment of the frond; in 21.2 this margin is convex.<br />
<strong>The</strong> above authors have identified all material of those records<br />
0,1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
4 5<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
7(i<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
plotted, although not all populations have been cytologically<br />
verified. In some of the populations previously studied, plants<br />
of similar morphology have been found to be tetraploid<br />
(A.Sleep & A.McG.Stirling, pers. comm.) and it may be that a<br />
serpentine ecotype of A.adiantum-nigrum is involved, or that<br />
the plants are autotetraploids having originated from diploid<br />
A.cuneifolium.<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
ASPLENIACEAE 55<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
21.5<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
BILLOTII<br />
Lanceolate<br />
Spleenwort<br />
21.2 x5<br />
OASPLENIUM<br />
X SARNIENSE<br />
0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Kiometres<br />
9<br />
wv<br />
ql<br />
100<br />
1<br />
100<br />
2--<br />
4111,<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
21.5 Asplenium billotii F.W.Schultz<br />
.obovatum auct. angl. non Viv.)<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
4a<br />
e<br />
4<br />
1 2<br />
A southern sub-Atlantic species whose distribution is mainly<br />
coastal in Britain and Ireland. It reaches its most northern<br />
location in v.c. 108. Outliers in the Weald are authentic and<br />
reflect the oceanic climate of the area; the species is now extinct<br />
there. <strong>The</strong> Agden Reservoir, v.c. 63, record is also verified by a<br />
specimen in BM but the Goat land, v.c. 62, record of Druce<br />
(Comital Fl.: 381; 1932) is not mapped. We can trace no<br />
specimen and as it was growing on a mortared bridge we suspect<br />
A .adiantum-nigrum.<br />
00<br />
3 4<br />
3 4<br />
56 ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
21.6<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
MARINUM<br />
Sea Spleenwort<br />
0 100<br />
Kilometres<br />
MiI<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
0<br />
100<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
0 vw<br />
21.6 Asplenium marinum L.<br />
9<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
An Atlantic species absent from the colder shores of E.<br />
England, south of Yorkshire (v.c. 62). It requires salt-spray and<br />
is absent from sheltered shores and those without the necessary<br />
rocky substrate.<br />
2<br />
9<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
0
ASPLENIACEAE 57<br />
0<br />
21.7<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
TRICHOMANES<br />
a gg .<br />
Maidenhair<br />
Spleenwort<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTEDON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
ICipmetres<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
100<br />
1<br />
100<br />
6 :<br />
C .<br />
9<br />
9 0<br />
0 wv<br />
40.4<br />
e 2- -<br />
8<br />
..<br />
0<br />
2<br />
00<br />
*000000::<br />
...g . . .<br />
...ogse .<br />
5 . 00<br />
000 6°<br />
Sr<br />
a<br />
.,<br />
0000080<br />
000 op<br />
00000000<br />
.-<br />
00<br />
000000<br />
00 00000<br />
0000<br />
000 000<br />
000<br />
00<br />
07000<br />
0000<br />
000 00<br />
055<br />
.<br />
....<br />
...<br />
......<br />
.. .... ...... ..... ..... ... ..<br />
......<br />
.6<br />
... .. . ..<br />
........ ..00.... ......<br />
... mm. o... ... ..<br />
........ S... .. .<br />
. .......<br />
... ..<br />
.<br />
.....<br />
0000<br />
080<br />
00<br />
66. '<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
SS 00<br />
000<br />
00 00<br />
e.<br />
e gb<br />
00800<br />
000000<br />
000<br />
.00<br />
00410<br />
000<br />
11_000006 0000<br />
000000 00 SO<br />
000000<br />
000008<br />
00800<br />
m<br />
000<br />
0000 0000<br />
000 00000000<br />
00 0000000<br />
8000 00000000<br />
00 0000<br />
00<br />
:0:1 00000<br />
00 00 00000<br />
0000000<br />
0000000<br />
0808000<br />
00000000<br />
00 0000 00<br />
000000<br />
88,1::<br />
00 000<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5 5<br />
:<br />
0000<br />
0000<br />
0000<br />
0000<br />
00<br />
000<br />
1110<br />
::<br />
0<br />
00<br />
6<br />
00 0000<br />
000 00000 : 0<br />
00 00<br />
00 000000<br />
000 00800<br />
00 0080<br />
I... 55555<br />
41:11!<br />
0120<br />
0<br />
SO<br />
00<br />
0<br />
00 000 00 #00<br />
00000099 00000 00 0 ::<br />
00000000 045410*<br />
OF 00000000 00 ..... 0<br />
00000 0800000 ::<br />
00000 00000000<br />
O.::: to 1.6<br />
0000000 00::000 00 000<br />
00000800 00 00 0001,0<br />
0000 000 00 00 :0<br />
00 80 :8 40:<br />
00 000<br />
0000 ::::0111<br />
0000<br />
000800<br />
Son<br />
5:114 mil<br />
Sumo* ii 01:00 00<br />
00 000000000<br />
001/ 000 09<br />
0000 00000000 08:0<br />
000008 000000 0::."<br />
2 3 4 5 6<br />
21.7 Aspleniurn trichomanes L. aggregate<br />
Two subspecies are now recognised in Britain (see J.D.Lovis,<br />
Flora Europaea, I: 15; 1964; Br. Fern Gaz., 9: 147-160;1964;<br />
and this <strong>Atlas</strong>, p.60. <strong>The</strong> above map is that of the two taxa<br />
combined based on that in the <strong>Atlas</strong> of the <strong>British</strong> Flora; it is<br />
followed by maps of the two subspecies based on<br />
identifications by J.D.Lovis. <strong>The</strong> notes on page 60 have been<br />
provided by Dr Lovis with a view to encouraging <strong>British</strong> and<br />
Irish botanists to add further records. A hybrid between the<br />
two subspecies (A .trichomanes subsp. x lusaticum D.E.Meyer)<br />
is recorded in several places in v.c. 48 (P.Benoit, pers. comm.)<br />
and is possibly elsewhere where the parents grow together.<br />
4 6<br />
SO<br />
SO<br />
So<br />
c.'<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
58 ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
21.7a<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
TRICHOMANES 9<br />
subsp.<br />
TRICHOMANES<br />
fr<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
1<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
0 WV<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
'<br />
tZ)<br />
100<br />
0<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
21.7a Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. trichomanes<br />
Apart from isolated localities in Northumberland, v.c. 68,<br />
subsp. trichomanes is confined to north and central Wales, the<br />
Lake District and Scotland, although in montane levels rather<br />
than at high altitudes. <strong>The</strong> taxon avoids calcareous rocks of any<br />
kind. No specimens have so far been confirmed for Ireland<br />
although the number of specimens seen from there has been<br />
comparatively smaller. <strong>The</strong> subspecies could turn up in v.c. 4<br />
where a hybrid (A. x alternifolium) involving this subspecies<br />
has been found and this parent may yet be found extant.<br />
.41<br />
1<br />
I.<br />
3<br />
fb<br />
4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
HX<br />
HW N2<br />
<strong>The</strong> following symbols have been used on this map:<br />
All records of any date identified by J.D.Lovis.<br />
o Other reliable records.<br />
® Squares from which populations have been cytologically<br />
studied.<br />
4 6<br />
0
ASPLENIACEAE 59<br />
0<br />
0<br />
5<br />
21.7b<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
TRICHOMANES<br />
subsp.<br />
QUADRIVALENS<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
MiI<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
100<br />
0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
!,7<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
.0<br />
S<br />
G o<br />
es<br />
o 0<br />
o<br />
sus<br />
*e V<br />
0<br />
o<br />
o<br />
.<br />
§ I<br />
es<br />
0 SiO<br />
somo<br />
141<br />
I 0<br />
sus es<br />
el<br />
68 0008 :<br />
:411 OS<br />
S<br />
0 :<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
.<br />
r<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
21.7b Asplenium trichomanes L. subsp. quadrivalens D.E.Meyer emend. Lovis<br />
In contrast to subsp. trichomanes,subsp. quadrivalensprefers<br />
calcareous sites and becomes widespread on mortared walls in<br />
the wetter parts of the country. It is clear from the number of<br />
specimens of this subspecies determined in herbaria that it is<br />
the conimonest taxon. <strong>The</strong>re would be a tendency, however,<br />
for collectors to take more specimens from walls near roads<br />
than from natural rock faces in the hills.<br />
i<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0
60<br />
Identification of the subspecies of Asplenium trichomanes L. in Britain<br />
Three subspecies of Asplenium trichomanes are<br />
recognised in Flora Europaea: subsp. trichomanes,<br />
subsp. quadrivalens D.E.Meyer and subsp. inexpectans<br />
Lovis. Only the two first named subspecies are found in<br />
the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>; the last is a south-eastern European<br />
taxon of limestone rocks. <strong>The</strong> absence of subsp.<br />
inexpectans from Britain makes the separation of the<br />
other two often possible on ecological characters alone as<br />
subsp. trichomanes is a calcifuge and subsp.<br />
quadrivalens predominantly a calcicole. <strong>The</strong> following<br />
notes on identification of these subspecies have been<br />
provided by Dr .J.D.Lovis.<br />
<strong>The</strong> distinctions between the two subspecies are<br />
particularly apparent in the upper half of the frond; the<br />
most evident field character lies in the aspect of the upper<br />
pinnae, in which the lamina is conspicuously concave<br />
(i.e. the margins turning upwards) in subsp. trichomanes<br />
but convex with inrolled margins, or less commonly, flat,<br />
in subsp. quadrivalens. Both subspecies are very plastic<br />
and present a very different appearence when growing in<br />
exposed as opposed to sheltered conditions.<br />
Plants of subsp. trichomanes from sheltered sites may<br />
be distinguished by the following combination of<br />
characters: stipe thin, wiry, red-brown; pinnae distant,<br />
arrangement mostly alternate, obliquely inserted, with a<br />
distinct stalk, asymmetric (oval to rhombic) up to 8mm<br />
long, often with a perceptible basiscopic auricle; lamina<br />
delicate, that of upper pinnae distinctly concave with<br />
upturned margin; soli small, short (up to 2mm),<br />
relatively few in number (4-6 (-9)); indusia narrow and<br />
delicate.<br />
In contrast, plants of subsp. quadrivalens from similar<br />
sites have: stipe thick, often dark brown or blackish<br />
brown, pinnae more crowded, mostly opposite, with<br />
approximately transverse (square) insertion, almost<br />
sessile, symmetrical in shape, usually oblong, rarely<br />
auriculate, larger (up to llmm long); lamina thicker, flat<br />
or convex, margin ± inrolled, with often crowded, more<br />
numerous sori (4-9 (-12)), longer (up to 3mm long);<br />
indusia conspicuous.<br />
In very shaded situations, the lamina of subsp.<br />
quadrivalens is delicate and the pinnae are distinct, as in<br />
subsp. trichomanes. Moreover the lamina of the upper<br />
pinnae is flat, not convex but the main pinnae are large,<br />
with long sofi and broad indusia, unless the shade is too<br />
.extreme to permit normal growth, when only a few<br />
scattered sori of variable size are produced.<br />
In exposed sites both subspecies are much reduced in<br />
size. Subsp. trichomanes may still be distinguished by a<br />
delicate rachis and orbicular, flat or concave pinnae with<br />
small sori, which are relatively few in number; in contrast<br />
subsp. quadrivalens will have a stout rachis, with oblong,<br />
thick, convex pinnae, and crowded, more numerous sori.<br />
<strong>The</strong> following micro-characters may also be used:<br />
1. Rhizome scales <strong>The</strong> scales of subsp. trichomanes<br />
possess a central red-brown stripe; those of subsp.<br />
quadrivalens have a dark-brown stripe, although this<br />
difference is only readily observed in a liquid medium.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is also a difference in the maximum size of the<br />
scales (3.5mm in subsp. trichomanes, 5mm in subsp.<br />
quadrivalens). This character must be observed with<br />
some care since both bear scales with a wide range in size,<br />
and only the largest provide usable characters. A fair<br />
sample of scales must be examined from each specimen,<br />
and in practice ,the scales do not provide a convenient<br />
character for the determination of a large number of<br />
specimens.<br />
2. Spores <strong>The</strong>se provide the most suitable micro-<br />
character, , where confirmation is necessary. <strong>The</strong><br />
sculpture of the perispore is highly variable in both<br />
species, and of no value as a criterion, but the spores of<br />
subsp. trichomanes are paler than those of quadrivalens.<br />
Spore size is often diagnostic and it is usual to measure<br />
only the exospore*. For reasons which are not yet<br />
satisfactorily explained, different workers have reported<br />
different size ranges. Ranges of exospore length<br />
measurements (in gum chloral) recorded by J.D.Lovis<br />
are as follows (mean values in bold): trichomanes 23-29-<br />
36-42pim; subsp. quadrivalens 27 -34 -43 -50pm.<br />
P.M.Benoit (Nature in Wales 9: 75-79; 1964) has found<br />
the .smean size ranges (measured in air) of spores of<br />
Merioneth plants to be quite discrete: subsp. trichomanes<br />
27-34gm, subsp. quadrivalens 38-48pm. It is necessary to<br />
bear in mind that different mounting media have<br />
different effects on spore size. It would be prudent for<br />
new workers each to establish his or her own standards<br />
from material of confirmed identity.<br />
3. Stomata <strong>The</strong> length of the guard cells can provide a<br />
valuable confirmatory character: subsp. trichomanes 31-<br />
38-43-52pm; subsp. quadrivalens 35-41-49-571.un.<br />
4. Chromosome number <strong>The</strong> two <strong>British</strong> subspecies also<br />
differ in chromosome number: subsp. trichomanes is<br />
diploid, with n = 36, whereas quadrivalens is tetraploid,<br />
with n = 72 chromosomes.<br />
An excellent photograph displaying the general<br />
morphology of characteristic examples of fronds of the<br />
two subspecies is given in Welsh <strong>Ferns</strong> (ed. 5); pl. 10<br />
(Hyde, Wade & Harrison, 1969). <strong>The</strong> frond of subsp.<br />
trichomanes is very typical of a luxuriant specimen from<br />
a rock-cleft in deep shade. See also J.D.Lovis, Br. Fern<br />
Gaz. 9: 147-160; 1964.<br />
*the outer wall beneath the perispore
ASPLENIACEAE 61<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
8<br />
21.8<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
VIRIDE<br />
Green<br />
Spleenwort<br />
ff-c"<br />
O 100<br />
I<br />
1 .,:=9.<br />
Kilometres<br />
100<br />
000<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Mies<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
00<br />
9 0<br />
21.8 Asplenium viride Huds.<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
0<br />
2.<br />
1<br />
6<br />
1 2<br />
A northern-montane diploid species found on rocks with<br />
a moderate base content. This species has given rise, by<br />
hybridising with A.trichomanes subsp. trichomanes and<br />
subsequent doubling of chromosomes, to a tetraploid taxon<br />
A.adulterinum Milde found on serpentine rock in central<br />
Europe and Norway. Although A.trichomanes subsp.<br />
00<br />
0 0 0<br />
u g<br />
3<br />
t:<br />
Simi<br />
0<br />
o<br />
o<br />
4 5<br />
trichomanes and A.viride occasionally grow near each other<br />
neither the diploid 'hybrid (A.xproloadulterinum Lovis &<br />
Reichstein) nor A.adulterinum has yet been found in the <strong>British</strong><br />
<strong>Isles</strong>. A plant found in Levens Park, v.c. 69, described as<br />
intermediate between A.trichomanes and A.viride was<br />
doubtfully that hybrid but more likely A.xclermontiae.<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
62 ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
0<br />
8<br />
21.9<br />
ASP LENIUM<br />
RUTA- MURARIA 9<br />
Wall - rue<br />
1<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
6<br />
2<br />
3<br />
0 0<br />
of<br />
46604141eoir<br />
es<br />
WI<br />
00<br />
11141rn 4111<br />
1:74*<br />
*414110<br />
0<br />
woe<br />
000<br />
0 5 r<br />
00 000<br />
i' 000000"<br />
00000 :0411<br />
0000 00<br />
00<br />
004400<br />
000 000000<br />
0000<br />
00000000<br />
0 00000 00 00 0<br />
04100 0000000<br />
00000000<br />
00 00 000 00000<br />
eem<br />
I.<br />
000<br />
mil ilmom moi 00<br />
MOO<br />
00000<br />
00000000 I<br />
:::<br />
0000 0000O<br />
SO<br />
1100 011:0<br />
OS<br />
,.<br />
0<br />
000<br />
essommilli seemmil<br />
000000000 000000000 ommoalem,<br />
0 000 0000 000 0000* 000<br />
00000000 0000 mireemo 00 po 0<br />
se olp<br />
0:1 04100004,041<br />
lim<br />
:<br />
:4141:41<br />
00000::<br />
emo<br />
: : 0 : S00<br />
00000 000<br />
00<br />
Some.<br />
:<br />
00<br />
eril<br />
00 000 000<br />
000 00<br />
::: ::: :<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID 04<br />
21.9 Asplenium ruta-muraria L.<br />
100<br />
W<br />
100<br />
8<br />
A sub-Atlantic species widespread in Britain and Ireland. In<br />
lowland Britain restricted to man-made habitats (e.g. walls,<br />
especially of churches); lack of such habitats and of natural<br />
calcareous rock in central and north Scotland is reflected in its<br />
distribution. Two subspecies are recognised: subsp. rutamuraria,<br />
a tetraploid and subsp. dolomiticum Lovis &<br />
Reichstein, a diploid described from N. Italy. Only the former is<br />
recorded from the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong> (see J.D.Lovis & T.Reichstein,<br />
Br. Fern Gaz., 9: 141-146; 1964).<br />
DI<br />
: 046<br />
: ND<br />
::<br />
00 0<br />
OS : 4111.4<br />
fl<br />
000 00<br />
Mr::<br />
00<br />
9<br />
0 Ni<br />
WW 00 4,0 0: 411<br />
9 7<br />
5<br />
4<br />
6<br />
.. .46.. ........ ...me fig: ... I..e ..<br />
... mi. .:::1:::<br />
..<br />
.:411.:::* ::::::::<br />
...O.... . ...... ..<br />
:. 41. ... .4. '<br />
..<br />
: 4<br />
:. ...<br />
..:. ...mu ..:i.<br />
........ ... ..... 1 .. ....... ... .... :00.<br />
......<br />
... ........ ...:::f<br />
..44..<br />
:. . ... : 00.0<br />
00 00<br />
9 0<br />
.:8<br />
8<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
NW<br />
000 0<br />
O 0 000000<br />
S 0000 000000000<br />
00000 00000110 00,11:<br />
e<br />
00<br />
ISSISI 0::::SIO 0000<br />
000000000 000000.00 00010<br />
1:::::555 415:641:::1 6*:::::<br />
N2<br />
00 0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
ASPLENIACEAE 63<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
21.9 x 10<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
X MURBECKII<br />
21.9 x 7b<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
X CLERMONTIAE<br />
0 100<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kdornetres<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
PLOT (ED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID r<br />
100<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
t;;)<br />
9<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
1 2<br />
21.9 x 10 Asplenium x murbeckii DOrfl.<br />
(A .ruta-muraria x septentrionale)<br />
This rare hybrid, seen in recent years only in v.c. 70, can be<br />
confused with A. xalternifolium and from which it can be<br />
distinguished by the narrower teeth on the pinna segments and<br />
the irregular edge of the indusium. (See A.H.G.Alston, loc.<br />
cit.: 137; J.D.Lovis, Br. Fern Gaz., 9: 110-113; 1963; J.D.Lovis<br />
in C.A.Stace (ed.), loc.cit.: I 1 1; 1975).<br />
3<br />
3<br />
7 5<br />
4 5<br />
N2<br />
21.9 x 7b Asplenium X clermontiae Syme<br />
(A.ruta-muraria x trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)<br />
In view of the abundance of both parents on mortared walls this<br />
is an exceedingly rare hybrid. It was found in 1863 at Newry,<br />
v.c. H38, and has not been recorded since. A plant found in<br />
Levens Park, v.c. 69, tentatively attributed to<br />
A.trichomanesx viride, appears to be this hybrid. (See<br />
A.G.H.Alston, loc.cit.: 137; J.D.Lovis in C.A.Stace (ed.),<br />
loc.cit.: 109; 1975).<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
64 ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
21.10<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
SEPTENTRIONALE<br />
Forked<br />
Spleenwort<br />
0 100<br />
Kdornetres<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 on,<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
100<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
d r<br />
ti<br />
0<br />
2<br />
O.&<br />
.61<br />
21.10 Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm.<br />
A northern continental species confined to ancient siliceous<br />
rocks. Although in the mountains of North Wales and the Lake<br />
District it is also found at low altitudes in the clement climate of<br />
West Scotland (v.c. 97) and Ireland (v.c. H16).<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
2 3 4 5 6<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
.,<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
o o<br />
21.10x 7a<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
X ALTERNIFOLIUM<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
0 100<br />
1 1<br />
Klionleffes<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
9<br />
W V<br />
100<br />
8 8<br />
2<br />
9<br />
N.1<br />
0<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
6 6<br />
5 5<br />
7,7<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
21.10 x 7a Asplenium x alternifolium Wulfen<br />
(A .septentrionale x trichomanes subsp. trichomanes)<br />
A hybrid recorded in lime-free rocks from several localities in<br />
Britain where the parents grow together. In the past it has been<br />
over-collected for herbaria. Both the parents are rare in Britain<br />
but, where they are common and growing together on the<br />
European mainland, the hybrid forms freely. It is sterile and<br />
could only be confused with A. x contrei, which has a distinctly<br />
triangular frond. <strong>The</strong> records for v.c. 69 have not been<br />
confirmed this century. (See J.D.Lovis in C.A.Stace (ed.),<br />
Ioc.cit.: 110;1975; and A.H.G.Alston, loc.cit.: 132).<br />
a<br />
4<br />
3<br />
65<br />
2
66 ASPLENIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
21.11<br />
ASPLENIUM<br />
CETERACH<br />
Rustyback<br />
Kdonieres<br />
5<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
fr<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
21.11 Asplenium ceterach<br />
(Ceterach officinarum DC.)<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
aft<br />
S.<br />
00<br />
o o<br />
1 2<br />
A southern sub-Atlantic species reaching possibly its most<br />
northern locality in v.c. 96 (it is also recorded for Gotland,<br />
Sweden). Although a calcicole the lack of suitable substrate is<br />
only partly responsible for its restricted distribution which is<br />
most likely controlled by a complex of interrelated climatic<br />
factors.<br />
0<br />
8.4<br />
0<br />
00000<br />
00<br />
000000<br />
000<br />
000 0<br />
0,000 00<br />
w00 00<br />
00000<br />
00<br />
3<br />
3<br />
e<br />
s<br />
40<br />
f 82°<br />
00<br />
4<br />
io 0<br />
copoo o<br />
00INDO 41<br />
0 Iit i411<br />
0 0<br />
00<br />
:8 0a° mil<br />
8<br />
4 5<br />
N1<br />
00 00<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
so so 00 SO s<br />
000<br />
00 00 o o 0<br />
0000 000 MI<br />
0000000 lap:<br />
001:000<br />
00<br />
owe<br />
000 0000<br />
011:711<br />
00<br />
00000 ::0:i0<br />
0000 60<br />
00 00 00000 0000:0,<br />
000 0000,0000 w 00 00<br />
00 00 00<br />
so<br />
00<br />
s<br />
00<br />
0<br />
o<br />
4 6<br />
C),<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
ATHYRIACEAE 67<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
22.1<br />
ATHYRIUM<br />
FILIX - FEMINA<br />
69090<br />
Lady - fern 00 60000<br />
6000 00000 00<br />
41006 00 00000<br />
0004: 00000 0<br />
00000 60<br />
?<br />
CHANNEL GLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
LITMGRID<br />
8<br />
0:" 0 ta<br />
0<br />
00000000<br />
060600006<br />
000600<br />
0 00 0 0000<br />
000 00 00<br />
4 60000 00<br />
0 00 60 0000<br />
100 411 41 smommil<br />
1 a miloomil miles<br />
4,410411 ern<br />
Kiernan*<br />
100<br />
0060000<br />
was 000000000<br />
, 0000 00<br />
co,<br />
el :::41:41) 1:::.<br />
il oos<br />
n o 10<br />
ilib<br />
n<br />
414 oll<br />
so o<br />
0g<br />
60<br />
to<br />
o<br />
4114,5<br />
4"<br />
0 ii:Oi ::<br />
00 :2<br />
- oe o<br />
(pm,<br />
4141 R 411 4141<br />
00 00000000<br />
000<br />
00 00000 00<br />
000000 411'<br />
00000<br />
00<br />
eofie<br />
9 0<br />
411.<br />
o<br />
000000<br />
000000<br />
00000000<br />
0 00<br />
41<br />
00<br />
00000<br />
00000<br />
000600 00000<br />
0060000 0000000<br />
0000006 60000<br />
0009 900 00<br />
00606 0000000<br />
69000 000 000 0<br />
000600 066000<br />
0000000 0000<br />
900000000 00000 06<br />
66060006 000000 0<br />
00000 000<br />
00090609 000<br />
00000000 000<br />
00000000 00<br />
000000 06 00<br />
0000<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
06 06060<br />
00 000000<br />
0000 000 00<br />
000 000006<br />
000 006 000<br />
0000 00 0096 6<br />
09000 00 0060<br />
00000 00<br />
00 1:000060 000<br />
006 6000006 0000<br />
0000 00000 00 1:0060 000<br />
0000 00000 I: 00 000600 00<br />
06 00 0000004,00 00 000<br />
00 000600 000<br />
000 000990 6 000 0<br />
00 000006 00000<br />
O 06 000 0000 09<br />
00 0000 00 0000 00<br />
60 90001:0 9000000 00<br />
0000 0000 00 000 0<br />
000000 000 00000 :: 0<br />
00000000 0000<br />
000000060 06090 i000 :<br />
0000 ill 06 00 06<br />
0 00 .<br />
000 00000 000<br />
06 00000000 00<br />
0009 0090 00 000 00<br />
0 000 60 010000 0<br />
00 000 00 00000<br />
0000 II 0000 00110 0: 06000<br />
000000 0400 000<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
22.1 Athyrium hlix-fernina (L.) Roth<br />
A widespread species but mainly a deciduous woodland plant<br />
and most abundant in flushes and spring lines. <strong>The</strong> drainage of<br />
wet habitats combined with the decrease of small deciduous<br />
copses in lowland Britain may reduce the abundance of this<br />
species in the future.<br />
4 6<br />
o.!<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
68<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
22.2<br />
ATHYRIUM<br />
DISTENTIFOLIUM<br />
Alpine<br />
Lady-fern<br />
7'<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
8<br />
2<br />
9 0<br />
0 WV<br />
100<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
Kdornetres 00 00<br />
0 100<br />
Mk.<br />
9 a<br />
1<br />
22.2 Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz<br />
(A.alpestre (Hoppe) Rylands)<br />
An arctic-alpine species characteristic of gullies where snow lies<br />
late in the spring. Whilst such habitats can give a good lead as to<br />
the identification of the species, confirmation can come only<br />
from the checking of mature fertile fronds, which lack<br />
indusia.<br />
2<br />
4<br />
00<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
ATHYRIACEAE<br />
o<br />
./f-<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
ATHYRIACEAE 69<br />
0<br />
5<br />
22.3<br />
ATHYRIUM<br />
FLEXILE<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kdometres<br />
nad.<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
1<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
2<br />
1<br />
.6 oo<br />
SO<br />
8<br />
3 4<br />
6 6<br />
0 ' 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
N2<br />
22.3 Athyrium flexile (Newm.) Druce<br />
(A.distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz var. flexile<br />
(Newm.) Jermy)<br />
A distinct taxon similar to A . distentifolium in frond texture and<br />
cutting although the pinnae are smaller and have fewer pinnules<br />
or lobes. <strong>The</strong> fronds are characteristically reflexed and appear<br />
adpressed to the ground—a character retained in cultivation.<br />
A.fdix-femina produces, especially in mountain habitats, an<br />
ecotype with a similar habit which may be confused with this<br />
species; the presence of indusia will distinguish it.<br />
4 6<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
70 ATHYRIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
23.1 HX<br />
GYM NOCARPIUM<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
Oak Fern<br />
---LA._<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
1<br />
100<br />
100<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
\<br />
,<br />
2<br />
OPIUM N2<br />
s ip<br />
v,<br />
00 .. ,.,<br />
9<br />
04410<br />
04.411.<br />
OM,<br />
ogee 4<br />
44400<br />
Ni<br />
* *VAL<br />
o<br />
4114100.41 00 4400<br />
041141*OS<br />
oil<br />
8<br />
. *(woo Sem<br />
444104541 4 :04141<br />
00<br />
40040 4041 8<br />
408 4141<br />
0.0404 04<br />
.0444<br />
'MO<br />
GO<br />
7 4<br />
O.<br />
5<br />
6<br />
um<br />
06 0<br />
0*<br />
mom.<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS o ,..<br />
0 0 0<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
0<br />
WV 0<br />
UTM GRID el'. N,...,<br />
Le..!<br />
23.1 Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm.<br />
(<strong>The</strong>lypteris dryopteris (L.) Slosson)<br />
A northern-montane species with only isolated populations in<br />
east and south-central and south -west England. Decrease in the<br />
south-west and in the Welsh Marches is probably due to the<br />
cutting down of deciduous woodland.<br />
o '<br />
7.-S-<br />
i<br />
Ts."<br />
--Y<br />
o<br />
o o<br />
411* 0 00<br />
110<br />
44111.<br />
o<br />
I:<br />
HW<br />
oo 0<br />
00 g<br />
i<br />
00<br />
I"<br />
.12<br />
04 44141000<br />
W, 444144<br />
64404<br />
Q o<br />
04 4144<br />
0000.0 MI<br />
SIMON 4<br />
00: 0<br />
ais ".<br />
0.<br />
60<br />
SOO<br />
0 8<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2
ATHYRIACEAE 71<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
23.2<br />
GYMNOCARPIUM<br />
ROBERTIANUM 9<br />
Limestone Fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mies<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
100<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
°<br />
1;Z:1<br />
2<br />
1 2 3<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
05<br />
o<br />
.6)<br />
0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
23.2 Gymnocarpium robertianum<br />
(Hoffm.) Newm.<br />
So<br />
N2<br />
(<strong>The</strong>lypteris robertiana (Hoffm.) Slosson)<br />
A continental species restricted by substrate (limestone) rather<br />
than climate although obviously requiring the shelter of scree<br />
or grykes for establishment. It is a species that has become<br />
naturally established in artificial habitats in urban areas and on<br />
disused railway platforms or sidings in the east of England.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re are outliers on karst limestone in v.cs 88, 108, and H26.<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1
72 ATHYRIACEAE<br />
0<br />
24.1<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
HX<br />
00 FPN<br />
CYSTOPTERIS 0 N2 tp,<br />
000<br />
00<br />
FRAGILIS 000 ce<br />
Brittle<br />
Bladder- fern<br />
O 100<br />
1<br />
Kdornetres<br />
maw<br />
' 9 9<br />
00<br />
00<br />
8<br />
1 ,G7 O00 0005<br />
00000.00<br />
-<br />
00<br />
00<br />
:I. or i ICIO 0<br />
0<br />
., Mrer<br />
00<br />
to<br />
00<br />
00 00 00000<br />
0001 00 00000<br />
a os go<br />
041000 00<br />
0<br />
8 I e<br />
7 7 4<br />
000<br />
0000<br />
5<br />
6<br />
00<br />
1<br />
1<br />
2 o<br />
000 ii<br />
9<br />
0000 IIS ! il<br />
...00 49 00<br />
00<br />
6 6<br />
0 o 0.0 0<br />
0<br />
5<br />
,<br />
0 Os<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID Z:3<br />
0 00 0004100<br />
0<br />
00<br />
0<br />
6::::<br />
00<br />
0000<br />
000000000<br />
000dloolle<br />
00000000<br />
000 5<br />
o o 00 000<br />
000<br />
oe<br />
osic)<br />
o<br />
o ni:o I.. 8.<br />
oso<br />
ge.8<br />
0 0<br />
O 0<br />
410 0 00<br />
o<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
UZI<br />
oo<br />
o<br />
0 S.<br />
o<br />
000<br />
00 o<br />
0041<br />
00 000<br />
0<br />
000<br />
00 0<br />
00,00 i<br />
o<br />
o :..<br />
o<br />
o<br />
o o<br />
o oo<br />
o<br />
1 o AL o<br />
o<br />
24.1 Cystopteris fragilis (L.) &mill.<br />
A widespread species preferring base-rich rock substrate in the<br />
wetter areas of the country. It is occasionally found in manmade<br />
habitats (shady moist walls) in the south and east . Both<br />
tetraploid and hexaploid (and sterile pentaploid) forms are<br />
recorded in Britain; the frond of the former is less dissected but<br />
no distribution patterns have so far emerged in the relatively<br />
small sample studied.<br />
7;<br />
000 2.00<br />
O o<br />
oe GOD 0 0:0<br />
00 OS 000<br />
0 o<br />
viso<br />
O 00 o<br />
4.40<br />
O<br />
r 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
.,<br />
a<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2.<br />
1
ATHYRIACEAE 73<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
24.2<br />
CYSTOPTERIS<br />
DICKIEANA<br />
Dickie 's<br />
Bladder - fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
maw<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
100<br />
a<br />
9<br />
8<br />
2<br />
9 0<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
2<br />
3 =v<br />
.o<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
74 5<br />
..<br />
N2<br />
24.2 Cystopteris dickieana Sim<br />
This species is best distinguished by its rugose mammillate<br />
spores and may well prove to be more widespread especially on<br />
northern mountains. This species was described from material<br />
collected in deep shade in an east-facing sea-cave on the<br />
Kincardine (v.c. 91) coast; it has broad pinnae which give it an<br />
attractive appearance hence it is sought after by horticulturists.<br />
Material from elsewhere in Scotland is identical to C.fragilis<br />
except for the non-spiny spores.<br />
6<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
74<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
24.3 HX<br />
HW<br />
CYSTOPTERIS<br />
MONTANA<br />
Mountain<br />
Bladder - fern<br />
0 100<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON<br />
Kilometres<br />
whk.<br />
9<br />
1<br />
9 0<br />
0 wv<br />
UTM GRID r<br />
24.3 Cystopteris montana (Lam.) Desv.<br />
100<br />
9 9<br />
8 8<br />
go<br />
.47<br />
oeo<br />
woo.<br />
,<br />
7<br />
5<br />
An arctic-alpine species requiring base-rich rocks or gullies<br />
flushed with calcium-rich water. One of our rarer ferns,<br />
occasionally in some quantity locally; restricted to the<br />
Grampian Mountains, with an outlier in the Lake District now<br />
extinct.<br />
2<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
ATHYRIACEAE<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
vs<br />
0
ATHYRIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
25.1<br />
WOODSIA<br />
ILVENSIS<br />
Oblong Woodsia<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Klornetres<br />
Mde.<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
100<br />
8<br />
9 7 4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
9 0<br />
1;Z:1<br />
0 1 2 3<br />
9 9<br />
2<br />
aft<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
Are;<br />
Zs<br />
142<br />
25.1 Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R.Br.<br />
A northern-montane species which has become very rare<br />
through over-collecting and is now protected by the<br />
Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act, 1975. <strong>The</strong><br />
history and distribution of this species is discussed in detail by<br />
M.H.Rickard in Br. Fern Gaz., 10: 269-275; 1972. Small plants<br />
of W.ilvensis can look very similar to young plants of<br />
Cystopteris fragilis grown in exposed situations.<br />
All squares from which the species has at some time been<br />
verified are indicated by solid dots.<br />
a<br />
4P,<br />
0<br />
75
76 ATHYRIACEAE<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
0 0<br />
25 . 2 .<br />
HX<br />
WOODSIA HVV N2<br />
7<br />
5<br />
0<br />
ALPINA a. f<br />
9 9<br />
Alpine Woodsia<br />
0 10.<br />
fr<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
1<br />
3.9<br />
6 6<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 yyv<br />
UTM GRID r<br />
9 0<br />
tZ)<br />
25.2 Woodsia alpina (Bolton) S.F.Gray<br />
100<br />
8<br />
An arctic-alpine species also depredated by Victorian botanists.<br />
As with W.ilvensis this species is similarly protected by the<br />
Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act, 1975. As<br />
also with the last species it can be mistaken for a small<br />
depauperate Cystopteris fragilis. Its history and distribution is<br />
fully documented by M.H. Rickard (Br. Fern Gaz., 10: 275-280;<br />
1972).<br />
All squares from which the species has at some time been<br />
verified are indicated by solid dots.<br />
2<br />
0 0<br />
8<br />
ri1<br />
7<br />
5<br />
2 3 4 5 6<br />
4<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
26.1<br />
POLYSTICHUM<br />
LONCH IT IS<br />
Holly Fern<br />
26.1x 3<br />
OPOLYSTICHUM<br />
X LONCHITIFORME<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mies<br />
9<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
wv<br />
t;Z)<br />
26.1 Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth<br />
100<br />
2<br />
9<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
1 2<br />
An arctic-alpine species requiring a base-rich substrate. Some<br />
more southerly sites in limestone grykes are liable to be<br />
destroyed through quarrying. An outstanding adventive record<br />
from a railway bridge in Wellingborough, v.c. 32, has been<br />
verified by Dr Anne Sleep, but is not plotted here.<br />
3<br />
3 4<br />
0 N2<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
4 5 6<br />
26.1 x 3 Polystichum X lonchitiforme<br />
(Halacsy) Becherer<br />
(P.Ionchit is x setiferum)<br />
This hybrid was found in Glenade, v.c. H29, with the parents<br />
and has been confirmed by observing meiosis in the spore<br />
mother cells (A.Sleep, pers. comm.). Without the cytological<br />
confirmation it is virtually impossible to separate from<br />
P. x illyricum (see M .J.P . Scannell , Irish Nat. J., 19: 79; 1977).<br />
co.°<br />
0<br />
77
78 ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
26.2<br />
POLYSTICHUM<br />
ACULEATUM<br />
Hard Shield - fern<br />
100<br />
1 1<br />
Kilometres<br />
PP<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
00<br />
1<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID ' 6P,<br />
100<br />
00<br />
0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
9 0<br />
2<br />
o<br />
00<br />
o<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
of.<br />
3<br />
1 2<br />
26.2 Polystichum aculeaturn (L.) Roth<br />
A sub-Atlantic species which is widespread throughout the<br />
<strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Its distribution pattern reflects its ecological<br />
requirements for a base-rich substrate, in places provided by<br />
man (e.g. canal-sides, locks and bridges) which in turn have<br />
been polluted by industrialisation. <strong>The</strong> basal pinnae are<br />
distinctly smaller than those in the middle of the frond and are<br />
only pinnatifid (cf. P.setiferum). <strong>The</strong> spores are larger than<br />
P.setiferum (ay. 41.31.4m) and papillate (A.Sleep, pers.<br />
comm.).<br />
,<br />
00<br />
00<br />
:<br />
se 8 bil_ A61 e<br />
4). o :: vo Yi<br />
o il<br />
es st<br />
44 es<br />
0<br />
ems<br />
000<br />
7<br />
00000<br />
0<br />
SO 900<br />
000 000 OO<br />
o 00 00 000<br />
00 004100<br />
00 00 folo op<br />
elm<br />
. a*<br />
900 0 000 00<br />
NO 00 O OO<br />
00 00 00000<br />
0800<br />
.0000<br />
O0000<br />
0000<br />
40 O<br />
s<br />
t<br />
*00<br />
0000 0410<br />
0000 00<br />
09 S<br />
ni 6<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
9<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
Ott 1 0090<br />
O 90,<br />
00 00 0 0 00<br />
0000 00 lit. 0000 ti<br />
50<br />
0000<br />
000<br />
- 0<br />
000<br />
GOtn 0 o<br />
555<br />
. 0<br />
0o<br />
So o l:<br />
"4"1016 o 518 5 o<br />
ill 00<br />
00 45<br />
00<br />
00060 000 0 0 00 0 000<br />
100 00 SO<br />
0041 00<br />
00 00 0 ,ip: 9<br />
00<br />
0000 I set:9 010<br />
04100 00 0o500<br />
00 0000 00.0 04<br />
00 00O0O 00 0 ON 000000<br />
000,<br />
o 00000<br />
0 00000 o<br />
ASPIDIACEAE 79<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
26.2 x3<br />
POLYSTICHUM<br />
X BICKNELLII<br />
26.2 x 1<br />
®POLYSTICHUM<br />
0<br />
X ILLYRICUM<br />
0 100<br />
1<br />
Kamen*<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Mies<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 Wv<br />
UTM GRID a<br />
0<br />
100<br />
9<br />
9 0<br />
t:;)<br />
/5<br />
8<br />
0<br />
2<br />
.6<br />
1<br />
e<br />
1 2<br />
26.2 x 1 Polystichum x illyricum<br />
(Borbas) Hayek<br />
(P.aculeatum x lonchitis)<br />
This hybrid was first detected in herbarium material collected in<br />
1932 from Glenade, v.c. H29 (A.Sleep & D.M.Synnott, Br.<br />
Fern Gaz., 10: 281; 1972); it has since been collected alive and<br />
awaits cytological confirmation. It is intermediate between the<br />
parents although most similar, superficially, to P.aculeatum;<br />
the spores are abortive. This hybrid is very difficult to separate<br />
from P. x lonchitiforme if all three putative parents are in the<br />
vicinity. <strong>The</strong> record from Inchnadamph, v.c. 108, is outside the<br />
known range of P.setiferum however, and therefore is<br />
undoubtedly P. x illyricum. (See A.McG.Stirling, Watsonia,<br />
10: 231; 1974, and A.Sleep in C.A.Stace (ed.), Hybridization<br />
and the Flora of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>: 119; 1975).<br />
2 3<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
5 6<br />
26.2 x 3 Polystichum x bicknellii<br />
(Christ) Hahne<br />
(P.aculeatum x setiferum)<br />
A hybrid which appears frequently in habitats where the parents<br />
grow close together. It can appear very similar to P.aculeatum<br />
and is therefore very difficult to recognise. It is best confirmed<br />
by abortive spores. (See A.Sleep in C.A.Stace (ed.), loc.cit.:<br />
118).<br />
Css<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
80 ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
26.3<br />
POLYSTICHUM<br />
SETIFERUM<br />
Soft Shield-fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
0<br />
9 9<br />
8 8<br />
.. ...... ii..<br />
. il..:::. 411<br />
**k)<br />
014,00004,<br />
00. o<br />
se oe<br />
Oito<br />
Oi<br />
26.3 Polystichum setiferum (Forsk.) Woynar<br />
A southern sub-Atlantic species which reaches its northernmost<br />
location in Britain (v.c. 95). Its distribution, whilst to some<br />
extent locally governed by an edaphic requirement of base-poor<br />
soils, indicates an optimum in areas with a warm wet winter. It is<br />
often a hedgerow plant in the south. It may be distinguished by<br />
the basal pinnae which are long, spreading and pinnate. <strong>The</strong><br />
spores are smaller than P.aculeatum(ay. 30.5m) with a winged<br />
perispore (A.Sleep, pers. comm.).<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
6 6<br />
o<br />
.:ty: :0a<br />
06 40<br />
00<br />
0<br />
: 41<br />
Os 0441 45 41.<br />
Os 060 ... .. 044 n<br />
:<br />
. ''<br />
0<br />
.<br />
.. 1118 4$41e<br />
6<br />
0<br />
* 00 0<br />
0440 0 0 0<br />
<strong>Of</strong> 041<br />
0000<br />
00 ts° ell o<br />
O<br />
0 0<br />
000<br />
6*<br />
o<br />
oli o ° i<br />
o41 0 410<br />
00 r o<br />
r :. 0 0<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
74 5<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
00 .: ko.' :<br />
o<br />
00 0041 006<br />
OS 0<br />
00 MI iF" t<br />
00 00 0000<br />
i0 6<br />
A_w t e<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
SO<br />
4 i I<br />
: 4111<br />
000 0 0<br />
41:: at:m8 *1 ,: .<br />
, is :i e -1; .:;:i::: :4,<br />
. 000<br />
.... 0000 :::rr : .: :. s :.:::::<br />
9 0 000 000 00000_<br />
N2<br />
6<br />
0<br />
15<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
0<br />
27.1<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
ORE ADES<br />
Mountain<br />
Male - fern<br />
O 100<br />
1<br />
Kilometres<br />
0 100<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
8 9 0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
tfl r<br />
.8°<br />
9 9<br />
8 8<br />
2<br />
v000<br />
'w<br />
0:o0*<br />
3 00<br />
6 6<br />
5 5<br />
4 4<br />
3<br />
i o:<br />
o<br />
ot<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
Ni<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
27.1 Dryopteris oreades Fomin<br />
(D.abbreviata auct., non Polystichum abbreviatum<br />
DC.; D.fia-mas var. abbreviataNewm.)<br />
A species with a northern Atlantic-montane distribution, often<br />
misidentified and confused with D.fdix-mas; some of the earlier<br />
lowland records have proved to be the latter species. D.oreades<br />
is frequently a scree plant and is found also on mountain ledges<br />
and in gullies. It is replaced by D.pseudomas on cliffs and gullies<br />
facing the sea suggesting that it may be a plant of nutrient-poor<br />
situations. All records have been seen by H.V.Corley or<br />
C.R.Fraser-Jenkins.<br />
N2<br />
6 .<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
81
82<br />
Identification of the species in the Dryopteris fdix-mas complex<br />
Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, D.pseudomas (Woll.)<br />
Holub & Pouzar and D.oreades Fomin have, since their<br />
inception, been confused by botanists both in England<br />
and abroad (see C.R.Fraser-Jenkins & A.C.Jermy,<br />
Taxon, 25: 659-665; 1976). <strong>The</strong> following descriptions of<br />
these three species have been drawn up with the help of<br />
C. R .Fraser-Jenkins .<br />
D.filix-mas Rhizome little branched. Fronds<br />
spreading, semi-persistent (although in very clement<br />
western areas they may be persistent) petiole about +<br />
length of the frond, ± densely clothed with pale coloured<br />
scales; lamina ovate-lanceolate, truncate at base, ±<br />
herbaceous, mid-green. Pinnae flat, ± horizontal;<br />
pinnules toothed, teeth ± acute, curved towards the acute<br />
apex, basal pair of each pinna ± stalked, usually longer<br />
than those above, lobes at base of pinnules usually<br />
forming auricles. Indusia 0.5-2mm, convex, thin<br />
sometimes glandular, white or translucent when young,<br />
at least part of the margin adpressed to lamina surface,<br />
amply covering sporangia but shrinking at maturity,<br />
becoming brown when old. A plant of forest, hedgerow<br />
and open places on rocks usually on lighter soils.<br />
D.oreades Rhizome much branched. Fronds upright,<br />
frost sensitive; petiole about length of frond, densely<br />
clothed with pale scales; lamina lanceolate tapering to<br />
base, very slightly coriaceous, pale grey-green. Pinnae<br />
Key to the Dryopteris filix-mas complex<br />
1. Frond texture thick, somewhat glossy and dark<br />
green on top (yellow-green when young); stipe and<br />
rhachis bearing long narrow scales with a dark base<br />
and usually a dark centre, junction of rhachis and<br />
pinna axis darkly coloured; lower margins of<br />
pinnules (pinna-segments) parallel, with few teeth.<br />
D. pseudomas<br />
1. Frond texture thin, mid- or grey-green on top; stipe<br />
and rhachis bearing both narrow and wide concolorous<br />
scales, junction of rhachis and pinna-axis<br />
not darkly coloured; pinnule-shape tapering, lower<br />
margins usually bearing teeth or lobes.<br />
2. Frond grey-green; teeth of pinnules with<br />
obtuse tips spread out in a fan-like arrangement<br />
at the pinnule (or segment) apex;<br />
immature indusum thick, margins involute<br />
(tucked under sporangia) D. oreades<br />
usually concave, inclined to apex; pinnules with an<br />
obtuse or rounded apex with blunt teeth arranged<br />
palmately or like a fan, basal pair adnate or slightly<br />
stipitate, longer than the pair above; basal lobes forming<br />
auricles. Indusia 0.5-1mm, highly convex, thick,<br />
glandular, green when young, fitting closely round<br />
sporangia, scarcely shrinking at maturity, becoming<br />
grey-brown when old. A plant of open screes, rocky<br />
banks and open hillside.<br />
D.pseudomas Rhizome little branched. Fronds ±<br />
upright, persistently green throughout winter; petiole<br />
variable in length, densely clothed with gingery scales,<br />
many of which are narrow and with a dark base which<br />
remains as a blackish speck when the scale drops; lamina<br />
variable in shape ovate to lanceolate, leathery, yellowgreen<br />
when young becoming blue-green when old.<br />
Pinnae flat, ± horizontal; pinnules with few or no teeth<br />
on parallel side, teeth at apex acute; basal segments not<br />
obvious; junctions of pinna rhachis with main rhachis<br />
darkly coloured. Indusia 1-2mm, highly convex, thick,<br />
margins inrolled, often glandular, brown when young,<br />
scarcely shrinking at maturity, becoming grey when old.<br />
A plant of woodland, hedgerows, especially on clay soil<br />
and on open hillsides, often replacing D.oreades in<br />
maritime situations.<br />
2. Frond mid-green; teeth of pinnules with acute<br />
tips, converging towards the apex; immature<br />
indusium thin, margins not involute and<br />
usually extended over the lamina.<br />
D. fdix-mas<br />
NB: Hybrids between these species are intermediate in<br />
their morphology but it is likely that D. x tavelii<br />
will key out as D. pseudomas and D. x mantoniae<br />
as D. fdix-mas.
ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
0<br />
8<br />
27.2<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
FILIX-MAS<br />
hlale - fern<br />
CHMNELISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Kilometres<br />
9<br />
0 WV<br />
10<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
.<br />
2<br />
fir<br />
a<br />
moo<br />
oo oto<br />
oomososo oloo so<br />
oos..<br />
s000spoo<br />
soosso<br />
so s mo<br />
5 'worn<br />
so s000mmeo soo<br />
oso oo o<br />
oompo<br />
moo floo osos000s<br />
opossum moosoomoo<br />
s00 0soos mime stomp<br />
soss000so<br />
oo sos looses smposo so so<br />
Soo<br />
olo imeo<br />
s oomo too<br />
moo<br />
Sul<br />
rn<br />
000<br />
oomoosooms<br />
'moo o me<br />
oo soomp0000<br />
sss<br />
"moo oo<br />
000 os<br />
sosoosso 000 S. foss<br />
soossoeso oo ss<br />
'mom<br />
o<br />
00<br />
50<br />
50<br />
55 00 5 000 60<br />
600006<br />
000066<br />
54,541<br />
86<br />
3<br />
0 41 00<br />
50<br />
5 55<br />
0<br />
0 0 00 041<br />
'moo<br />
al0000<br />
mum<br />
seem.<br />
swum<br />
000ls000<br />
05 5 00 0 0 00000 00<br />
00 60 00 0 000 0 000<br />
0 0 55 0 0 00 0 00<br />
0 55 05 * 55 55<br />
4141 0000 00<br />
5 50 00 0 00 0<br />
000 55555 55<br />
0 0<br />
2<br />
60<br />
60<br />
ammo oo ino<br />
so*<br />
mmoo oomp000me<br />
um. mmo*<br />
Soo 00000<br />
e000 So<br />
4105 0 0000 555<br />
00 0 000 5 541 00<br />
0 5 5415 0 0 55 555 5 00<br />
000 0 0 0 00050<br />
Ss<br />
ils::::!:.<br />
I:<br />
3<br />
ompoommo<br />
Soo oo<br />
oes000mpo<br />
moo.<br />
Soso<br />
0 00 0000<br />
0:41.<br />
000<br />
Z ile<br />
0 0<br />
60<br />
00 4105 40060000<br />
5.541 0410005100<br />
555 60000000<br />
041000 4100006<br />
moos oodo<br />
i:o oe some<br />
um<br />
*::n. S. moos<br />
"moo<br />
ouloo<br />
0000500<br />
000mmoo<br />
eimp0000<br />
goo<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
N2<br />
5 6<br />
27.2 Dryopteris filix-nias (L.) Schott<br />
This species, probably the most widespread in the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong> is<br />
by no means common in many parts of its range. Basically it is a<br />
woodland species, common in hedgerows and along road-sides;<br />
it is also one of the first fern species to become established on<br />
shady walls of all kinds. A species of wide ecological tolerance it<br />
is frequently planted in gardens, a factor which has possibly<br />
affected its ubiquitous distribution. For notes on identification<br />
see page 82.<br />
S.<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
83<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
84 ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
27.2x1<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
X MANTONIAE<br />
27.5x 1<br />
®DRYOPTERIS X<br />
PSEUDOABBREVIATA<br />
8<br />
s,<br />
Kdornetres<br />
Miles<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
tfi<br />
100<br />
9<br />
9 0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
%Pa<br />
1 2<br />
27.2 x 1 Dryopteris X mantoniae Fraser-<br />
Jenkins & Corley<br />
(D.filix-masx oreades)<br />
All records have been determined by C.R.Fraser-Jenkins or<br />
H.V.Corley. This is a sterile triploid hybrid likely to be found<br />
when its parents grow together. (See C.R.Fraser-<br />
Jenkins & H.V.Corley, Br. Fern- Gaz., 10: 230; 1972; and<br />
A.C.Jermy & S.Walker, in C.A.Stace (ed.), Hybridization and<br />
the Flora of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>: 113; 1975.)<br />
3<br />
3 4<br />
E.?<br />
00<br />
.
ASPIDIACEAE 85<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
0<br />
8<br />
27.2x 3<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
XTAVELII<br />
0<br />
von Tavel's<br />
Male -fern<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UT M GRID<br />
Kiometres<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
100<br />
100<br />
9 0<br />
WV<br />
tz).<br />
27.2 x 3 Dryopteris x tavelii Rothm.<br />
(D.fdix-mas x pseudomas)<br />
9<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
1 2<br />
This hybrid is intermediate in its morphology between its<br />
parent species. Two cytotypes are known, depending on the<br />
ploidy of the D.pseudomas parent; both have been recorded<br />
from the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. Following the discovery by W. Dopp<br />
(Planta, 46: 70-91; 1955) that, in culture, it is capable of a low<br />
level of self reproduction, being apogamous, several authors<br />
have reported it widely on the Continent. Forms of<br />
D.pseudomas that tend towards the morphology of D.fdixmas<br />
are also often mistaken for it and have contributed to its<br />
over-recording.<br />
<strong>The</strong> fronds have scales with dark bases and the junction of<br />
3 4<br />
..<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
4<br />
6<br />
4,41<br />
5 6<br />
the pinna axes with the main rhachis is darkly coloured as in<br />
D.ps.eudomas. <strong>The</strong> lamina is a light green but retains the gloss<br />
of the latter species<br />
<strong>The</strong> pinnules have parallel sides which are toothed or in<br />
some cases, especially on the lowest basiscopic pinnule (i.e.<br />
those at the base of the pinna pointing to the frond base),<br />
deeply lobed; the pinnule apex is pointed. <strong>The</strong> indusium often<br />
shows the characteristics of both parent species, the margin<br />
being tucked on one side and extended over the lamina on the<br />
opposite side. (See A.C.Jermy & S.Walker, in C.A.Stace (ed.)<br />
loc. cit.: 113; 1975).<br />
tA,<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
86 ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
273 HX<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
PSEUDOMAS<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 viiv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
00<br />
tD<br />
00 00<br />
9 9<br />
00 :<br />
Scaly Male -fern 000<br />
:::: !I: I: :<br />
NI<br />
000000<br />
* 000000<br />
0:000 O000:<br />
—<br />
8<br />
00<br />
8<br />
00 S. 00000<br />
00000 55 5555<br />
V<br />
b<br />
loo<br />
0800 00 0000<br />
00 00 0<br />
Kdometre s I 100<br />
0000000 SO 0<br />
5555 00<br />
nim. 00000005<br />
9 - 000 V<br />
74<br />
5 6<br />
000<br />
1 00<br />
2 o 00<br />
000000<br />
0000 000 000<br />
SOO 000 00<br />
3<br />
00 ii0<br />
00<br />
41 'di6<br />
<strong>Of</strong> 0000 00 VO Oil 00<br />
00 080 'geese 541<br />
- : 0 58 : :err 5115u55546 se<br />
es ps<br />
s 555 s e<br />
Goes.<br />
ilil : . :Ulf 6.<br />
lg.<br />
....<br />
se.<br />
oe.0 sm.<br />
00 i-E0<br />
000 00<br />
5 ... ,P4:<br />
: 55 0 6: * 10, .080<br />
85 4.6 :0 s:<br />
Gs 4110<br />
5 9 : e ::: NI: °<br />
S.<br />
e , :.:' 05<br />
g - 8<br />
.,<br />
.<br />
.<br />
o<br />
o o 5. .<br />
° o<br />
woe 001 ..<br />
°U. ill<br />
.4.8 8<br />
o : 8*<br />
6 , 00 09<br />
::.<br />
0<br />
.:: 4110411 O 0 Ste's doe<br />
600 9<br />
4;0:041<br />
'<br />
000<br />
see 00 9 s 411<br />
414" 6.0 0005 0.04,<br />
' 4° :: :::4:::: :<br />
se oeele<br />
00 00<br />
00 99<br />
2<br />
9 0<br />
6:: :<br />
0 00<br />
9 5 0 00<br />
HW<br />
xi es g ow me'<br />
es mo<br />
1 4 u<br />
00000<br />
o<br />
00i0 fa: 11; 0:0 00<br />
::6"::: SO 806°S *WO<br />
80414,<br />
'956808<br />
5558511188<br />
585 84<br />
27.3 fh.p)pfimispseudomas (Wollaston) Holub 6i Pouzar<br />
(D.borreri auct.; D.filix-mas (L.) Schott var. borreri Newm.)<br />
An Atlantic species very common in northwest Scotland and the<br />
oceanic areas of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. In lowland and south and<br />
eastern England confined to woodlands or shady situations on<br />
heavy soils and clays. A combination of clay soils and higher<br />
rainfall increases its occurrence in the Weald.<br />
<strong>The</strong> map of this species (21/2) on p. 11 of the <strong>Atlas</strong> of the<br />
<strong>British</strong> Flora does not show a true picture as many records were<br />
registered as D.filix-mas agg. and are shown on Map 21/1-2<br />
only.<br />
se<br />
Jr ell<br />
o o :000 0 00<br />
or 9,<br />
88 o<br />
Soe o 4: oil<br />
oboi<br />
erne<br />
tr<br />
es. .6<br />
Gee<br />
05is<br />
48° 0<br />
OS 110000<br />
000 004104,<br />
55 w 415 .5<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
t:22<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
27.4<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
REMOTA<br />
UTM GRID<br />
Kkenstres<br />
mass<br />
9<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL GLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
WV<br />
41'<br />
soo<br />
100<br />
0<br />
8<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
27.4 Dryopteris remota (A.Br.) Druce<br />
1 2<br />
An apogamous species probably originating from the hybrid<br />
between D.expansa and D.pseudomas could be expected where<br />
these species grow together. It is, however, rare. Plants brought<br />
into cultivation as Lastrea 'boydii' from Loch Lomond appear<br />
to be this species but it has not been seen in the wild this century.<br />
<strong>The</strong> two Irish specimens are even more perplexing as D.expansa<br />
is so far not recorded from Ireland; both records (Glen Flesk ,<br />
v.c. H2 and Dalystown, v.c. H15) need refinding (see<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
4505;<br />
Zs<br />
N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
A.C.Jermy & S.Walker, in C.A.Stace (ed.). loc.cit.: 115). It is<br />
known however, that in Europe D.remota occurs in the absence<br />
of either of the above species and probably does not now arise<br />
de novo from hybridisation.<br />
<strong>The</strong> hybrid D.austriaca x pseudo mas recorded as D. x woynarii<br />
Rothm. from Lochinver, v.c. 108, in A.C.Jermy & S.Walker, in<br />
C.A.Stace (ed.) loc. cit.: 115; 1975, is now considered to be<br />
doubtfully of that parentage and more likely D. x ambrosiae.<br />
87
88<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
27. 5<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
AEMULA<br />
Hay-scented<br />
Buckler - fern<br />
7<br />
so<br />
0.0.<br />
*<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mike<br />
9<br />
*<br />
oo<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
100<br />
oo<br />
0<br />
00<br />
o<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
No*<br />
2<br />
0<br />
ip 0<br />
27.5 Dryopteris aemula (Ait.) Kuntze<br />
0<br />
oo<br />
1 2<br />
A northern Atlantic species found on the higher mountains of<br />
Madeira, Azores and Canary Islands and restricted in Europe to<br />
N. Spain, W. France and the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong> where it has a distinct<br />
oceanic distribution. Its yellow-green frond and purplish stipe<br />
are diagnostic. Hybrids involving this species are very rare (see<br />
27.5 x 1, D. x pseudoabbreviata, p. 84) but juvenile or<br />
00<br />
4:9<br />
<strong>Of</strong>ill0<br />
: .10°6<br />
2 3<br />
3 4<br />
0<br />
o o<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
4 5<br />
HX<br />
HW N2<br />
"moos<br />
ee<br />
ASPIDIACEAE<br />
4<br />
6<br />
ow!'<br />
immature plants which morphologically appear intermediate<br />
between D.aemula and D.austriaca have been found on Mull,<br />
v.c. 103, and Soay, v.c. 104, and need further investigation.<br />
Such hybrids could only be distinguished from the similarly<br />
triploid D.austriaca x expansa by the lack of chromosome<br />
pairing at meiosis.<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
ASPIDIACEAE 89<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
0<br />
0<br />
27.6<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
VILLARII<br />
subsp.<br />
SUBMONTANA<br />
Rigid<br />
Buckler -fern<br />
0 100<br />
Kilometres<br />
Md<br />
9<br />
100<br />
6 6<br />
8 9 0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
ffi r<br />
.<br />
1:z)<br />
2<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
2<br />
011<br />
3 4<br />
...<br />
0<br />
8<br />
NI<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
27.6 Dryopteris villarii (Bellardi) Woynar ex Schinz & <strong>The</strong>ll.<br />
subsp. submontana Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy<br />
(Dryopteris rigida (Swartz) A.Gray)<br />
A member of an alpine and southern European complex<br />
restricted in Britain to limestone pavement. All <strong>British</strong> material<br />
counted has proved to be tetraploid, a cytotype which is rare<br />
further south in Europe, most of the alpine material<br />
being diploid. (See 0.L.Gilbert, Br. Fern Gaz., 9: 263-268;<br />
1966, and Biological Flora of the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>: Dryopteris<br />
villarii. J. Ecol., 58:301-313; 1970.Also C. R .Fraser -Jenkins &<br />
A.C.Jermy, Br. Fern Gaz., I I: 338; 1977).<br />
HW<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
90<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
27.7<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
CRISTATA<br />
Crested<br />
Buckler - fern<br />
0<br />
kdometrm<br />
MiIe<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
100<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
.<br />
1;1)<br />
2<br />
1 2<br />
co%<br />
./7<br />
27.7 Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray<br />
1 2<br />
A northern continental species at one time frequent in the east<br />
of England and N.W. Midlands. Now, because of changes in<br />
land-use and increasing drainage of acid mires, it is almost<br />
restricted to East Anglia where it is locally frequent in the<br />
Norfolk Broads area, v.c. 27. Lack of regular fen cutting allows<br />
tussock growth of Molinia, Carex elata and Sphagnum spp.<br />
upon which establishment of D.cristata depends and the<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW N2<br />
ASPIDIACEAE<br />
decrease of such mowing may be encouraging this species to<br />
regain its status. <strong>The</strong>re has been recently a widespread increase<br />
of acid (base-poor) plant communities (including Sphagnum<br />
Jimbriatum, S.magellanicum, S.palustre, S.squarrosum and<br />
S.subnitens) in the fens of the Norfolk Broads, the ecological<br />
reason for which is not fully understood. It is in these<br />
communities that D.cristata becomes well established.<br />
4<br />
6<br />
Ct,<br />
trP<br />
0
ASPIDIACEAE 91<br />
27.8<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
CARTHUSIANA 0.'<br />
Narrow<br />
Buckler - fern<br />
CHANNEL l'ED ON ISLANDS 0<br />
PLOT<br />
—<br />
wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
L.)<br />
9 9<br />
8<br />
.-<br />
O 100<br />
i<br />
I<br />
0<br />
Kilometres<br />
100<br />
..<br />
Mica O o<br />
9<br />
—<br />
-.<br />
roe :<br />
MI N1<br />
8<br />
ILA;<br />
00 0 Th<br />
o 0 0<br />
0<br />
GO<br />
2<br />
o<br />
: S .<br />
: 10°8<br />
-,<br />
Moo<br />
6 6<br />
*<br />
4 ..8.6<br />
se se se e<br />
IINI :<br />
i<br />
080<br />
0:4141<br />
GO<br />
o *<br />
5<br />
0 0 41. 411 4908 5<br />
o 0 5<br />
..> 0 0 ne 0000 S.<br />
O 1 411 00<br />
04041 410<br />
n o o<br />
6<br />
40<br />
of<br />
_ o 00 0 4141<br />
4<br />
o l..0 tiii<br />
: 41000841:4,<br />
99<br />
f<br />
V<br />
0001 4,1110.44<br />
00_4141 *ON 41,<br />
o olIND is<br />
o ..0 i s ei0<br />
" ... .<br />
0 y0 Goo<br />
e o<br />
9 0<br />
0440 f_<br />
8 NM 0 MD<br />
1<br />
00<br />
Oil<br />
80 ell<br />
4,0<br />
0410041<br />
74 5<br />
r<br />
:00<br />
N2<br />
:e0S0 al: %et<br />
0 0<br />
081* :0 : * 4616114 411<br />
00<br />
Ten:<br />
6<br />
*sumo 41mo<br />
41414<br />
012:41 0: lia.<br />
'<br />
gm O: 411:4114::0<br />
MU<br />
041 'II<br />
gee"<br />
0451 41410<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
lo3*<br />
27.8 Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) FI.P.Fuchs<br />
(D.lanceolatocristata (Hoffm.) Alston;<br />
D.spinulosa Watt)<br />
A northern continental species widespread in the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong><br />
and a common fern in some wet woods of N.W. Scotland,<br />
where it often grows with D.expansa. <strong>The</strong> hybrid with the latter<br />
species has not so far been found in Britain and should be<br />
searched for in such mixed populations; it has the upright<br />
rhizome of D.expansa but with an intermediate frond (shape,<br />
cutting and marginal teeth): It is however extremely difficult<br />
to distinguish from D. x deweveri without cytological<br />
con firmation.<br />
2<br />
1
92 ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
27.8x7<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
X ULIGINOSA<br />
27.8 x2<br />
(DDRYOPTERIS<br />
X BRATHAICA<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
8 9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON Om<br />
UTM GRID<br />
too<br />
(<br />
t;Z)<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
2<br />
(<br />
1 2<br />
27.8 x 2 Dryopteris x brathaica Fraser-<br />
Jenkins & Reichstein<br />
(D.carthusiana x jihx-mas; D. x remota sensu<br />
Druce)<br />
This hybrid has been found only once in woods on the N.W. side<br />
of Lake Windermere, v.c. 69; an offset, passed down through<br />
generations of gardeners, is still alive in Oxford University<br />
Botanic Garden and has been cyiologically investigated. It is<br />
intermediate between the parents in the degree of pinnation and<br />
toothing of leaf segments but has the habit of D.ftlix-mas. (See<br />
C.R.Fraser-Jenkins & T.Reichstein, Br. Fern Gaz., 11: 342;<br />
1977, and A.C.Jermy & S.Walker, in C.A.Stace (ed.), loc.cit.:<br />
114.)<br />
3 4<br />
9<br />
N1<br />
7<br />
5<br />
HX<br />
HW N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
5 6<br />
27.8 x 7 Dryopteris x uliginosa (A.Br. ex<br />
DM) Druce<br />
(D.carthusiana x cristata)<br />
A rare hybrid now confined to Norfolk; when established,<br />
plants show distinct hybrid vigour. Although many former sites<br />
have been lost through drainage it could easily appear wherever<br />
D.cristata grows with D.carthusiana. (See A.C.Jermy &<br />
S.Walker, in C.A.Stace (ed.). loc.cit.: 116).<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
ASPIDIACEAE 93<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
27.9<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
AUSTRIACA<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 WV<br />
UTM GRID<br />
9<br />
O 1 2 3<br />
Broad 0 006.<br />
oo<br />
600<br />
0.000<br />
um.<br />
u . NI<br />
Buckler- fern mus. Io *mmu*,m.<br />
in,<br />
wimp timil vow, c<br />
a<br />
8<br />
p 000 0000000<br />
0 00000. I<br />
0 100<br />
o 1<br />
0000000 00600<br />
a.wm 0<br />
100 000000es 680<br />
ma.<br />
0006<br />
000111<br />
9 ' *oo<br />
75<br />
o<br />
ma::<br />
2 000 00000<br />
006606 00000660<br />
0000 04000000<br />
000 00000000 0<br />
054000 00 00 00<br />
000 000000 00 0<br />
mi.<br />
4 00000000 000000<br />
800000 000000 00<br />
.. 411 :0:0::11. if ompummoll omimpoloo lp<br />
411,41 oupoil moil mimp<br />
oommoiloo0<br />
wo<br />
(mom moo<br />
00000 0060<br />
oompoompoo loo<br />
6000000 WO<br />
osoom0000<br />
opoomimpoil 000<br />
000000000 000<br />
00 000000000 00 0000<br />
000000000 08000<br />
, 00 006 000 00 000000000 000.0 60<br />
elloommo I "moo<br />
0 oil*<br />
"moo oo so 00<br />
so emmo oloo0oo<br />
imo mpoo o mum<br />
0000 000 00000<br />
o, oimp0000 of0000mso<br />
000 se0000000<br />
44 oommoo<br />
00 000.000<br />
66000 0060 0000 06<br />
0000 000000<br />
0<br />
410 ii:0:11.4%. 0:0:0i:<br />
00000 0006<br />
0 i00 io 00060 4' °<br />
006000 008<br />
00<br />
i<br />
60 000006006 00<br />
s<br />
Os o 411<br />
0000 060 ii60,8 000<br />
0 00 0000 000 000 00600<br />
0 000000000 000e 0600 6<br />
06 zw: :00 00 :<br />
00000 001000000 000000000<br />
i 0 00 ss o :<br />
00 00 00 000 0000.060 00 00<br />
00 55555 80,0000<br />
00 000<br />
410 000 .<br />
00 00006 6 000600000 00<br />
806 0006000 0600 600<br />
00 000<br />
0411 00 ss o<br />
06 :: :64' . :: 0::.0<br />
000 000806.00 0000000 04,04,0 4,04 0 :<br />
000 000000000 000 00<br />
0<br />
6<br />
0000 00000600000008<br />
1<br />
0000 00 0000 000.0 0.0 0.0 060<br />
0<br />
00000 00000060 000000000 0-608 0 vo 00<br />
e00000 00000 60 00006000 06.00 000<br />
00 Oso 00000600 0000000 000 0000 :::42:.2: 41050530<br />
000000<br />
00000000 600000000 00000<br />
000<br />
00600 060 0800 0..0:1<br />
000 00 0 60000 0000<br />
8 9 0<br />
5 0<br />
9<br />
m2<br />
0<br />
0000 000 0000 06000006 0 005 086 0<br />
00600 000660600 0000000<br />
600 000000600 GO<br />
0000 00600 000000080 0<br />
5m5 iio Sumo moose 0000esom<br />
Ms 00000000 000 0000 000000000<br />
0000000 00000 0 000 000 0000:00<br />
00000 00 06<br />
00000000<br />
mom.<br />
oms<br />
we<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
27.9 Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) Woynar<br />
(D.ddatata (Ho ffm .) A.Gray)<br />
A sub-Atlantic taxon widespread throughout Britain and<br />
Ireland. A variable species occasionally confused with<br />
D.carthusiana because one common form produces stolons,<br />
from the bases of the stipes, which are mistaken for the creeping<br />
rhizome of the latter species. Leaves on such stoloniferous<br />
shoots have pale almost concolorous scales which add to the<br />
confusion; they eventually form a shuttlecock and the stem<br />
continues growth as an erect rhizome.<br />
4 6<br />
P<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
0
94 ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
27.9x8<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
X DEWEVERI<br />
0 100<br />
1<br />
Kilometres<br />
Miles<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
100<br />
8<br />
0<br />
9 0<br />
1:Z3f<br />
9 9<br />
2<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
9<br />
7 7 4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
6<br />
4<br />
27.9 x 8 Dryopteris X deweveri (Jansen) Jansen & Wachter<br />
(D.austriaca x cart husiana)<br />
A common hybrid wherever the parents grow together. Easily<br />
recognized as being intermediate in all its characters, the scales<br />
concolorous but pale red-brown and the spores abortive. Such<br />
plants are often very glandular on the young lamina, veins and<br />
rachides and have been described in early literature as Lastrea<br />
glandulosa Newm. (See A.C.Jermy & S.Walker, in C.A.Stace<br />
(ed.), loc.cit.: 117).<br />
e<br />
0 0<br />
0<br />
00<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
o o<br />
o Ise<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
N2<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
ASPIDIACEAE 95<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
27. 9 x 10<br />
DRYOPTERIS<br />
X AMBROSIAE OT!<br />
9<br />
9<br />
7<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0<br />
WV<br />
UT M GRID<br />
7<br />
100<br />
8 9 0<br />
8<br />
0<br />
2<br />
1.)<br />
2 3<br />
4 4<br />
c4q,<br />
t;Z)<br />
0 0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
96<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
0<br />
8<br />
1(tIornetre1<br />
Miles<br />
9<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
1<br />
100<br />
100<br />
2<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
4/1<br />
o<br />
0. o<br />
400:<br />
2 3 4 5<br />
27.10 Dryopteris expansa (C.Pres1) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy<br />
(D.assimilis S.Walker)<br />
Most of the populations recorded show the distribution pattern<br />
of an arctic-alpine species. <strong>The</strong> taxon was first recognized by<br />
Thomas Moore as Lastrea dilatata var. alpina from Ben<br />
Lawers. It also grows, however, at sea-level in oak woodlands<br />
on the west coast of Scotland and this form (morphologically inseparable<br />
from the alpine form) may represent a more southern<br />
genotype which may yet be found in Ireland. (See J.A.Crabbe,<br />
A.C.Jermy & S.Walker, Watsonia, 8: 3-15; 1970).<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0<br />
HX<br />
HW N2<br />
7<br />
4<br />
5 6<br />
ASPIDIACEAE<br />
0
BLECHNACEAE 97<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
0<br />
28.1<br />
BLECHNUM<br />
SPICANT<br />
Hard Fern<br />
0 100<br />
1<br />
IGIonwstres<br />
r S<br />
9<br />
CHANNEL GLANDS<br />
PLOTTED ON 0<br />
NN<br />
UTM GRID<br />
000 0:000000<br />
00 0000<br />
00<br />
:On: 6<br />
0000<br />
100<br />
8<br />
2-. --<br />
0<br />
411 :<br />
041101:<br />
:8000 447<br />
:0:::::0<br />
011-<br />
.41 soos0000s<br />
0000. um<br />
:8:sooe 00<br />
600<br />
411<br />
:10::iii<br />
0><br />
000000<br />
0 0 0 :":<br />
0 00<br />
00 0000n ° 0 0<br />
0 00 0 0<br />
,-. "<br />
4— o 00<br />
0 $ e g<br />
.<br />
es<br />
ilio sip soo s: ..<br />
.--,, 0 see<br />
so so soo 04141<br />
soo up ::<br />
000 44", " 000<br />
00 00<br />
990 ill00 6<br />
so ... oso<br />
9 0<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
.6<br />
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00<br />
00 00<br />
000000<br />
0000000<br />
00000000<br />
000000<br />
0000000<br />
0000<br />
O 00000<br />
0000<br />
5055 5000 00<br />
5550 455505<br />
5000000 0505 5<br />
Some 0000005<br />
00000000 00 555<br />
000000 0000<br />
0000000 0000<br />
000000 0004100<br />
0000000 0000<br />
00000000 00000<br />
0000000 OS<br />
41150<br />
000000<br />
00000 515<br />
000 00 11,41000000<br />
45000 0000000<br />
00040 000004000<br />
0000 rn<br />
55555 erne 580 55<br />
05000 0000 5550 05<br />
5000 9000 00000 00<br />
00000000 505505<br />
555 0000 00000 505<br />
000000 50,<br />
0000000 0000<br />
000 5550 5*<br />
5841505004 00<br />
0055505 o*<br />
00000000<br />
00000000<br />
00000900 000<br />
oR<br />
oso moos.<br />
.00so<br />
soo omoos<br />
oss 55555<br />
0090 00000 00<br />
110000<br />
000 500<br />
000 000 00<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
9<br />
8<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
o<br />
N2<br />
00 005 :$111: Mr<br />
00<br />
00 00 09 00 00<br />
00 00 0000 0000<br />
00 00000 00 0 0 00<br />
0 9<br />
ows so im so o 0 see<br />
moo<br />
s<br />
S..<br />
see<br />
so<br />
4 6<br />
so el so<br />
005 00000000 OS<br />
0000 01080_000<br />
0000 00000<br />
000000 4 is**<br />
0000000 00 000 00 8 o<br />
550555550 555.5<br />
04000 0055 0<br />
GO<br />
00 QO 50<br />
lso<br />
0<br />
0000000 00<br />
: 10*<br />
00 :::0 00<br />
50:0 0005<br />
ii00 0<br />
0555 50 0641 4141:: ei: 1110::::<br />
00000 00 0 0411 00<br />
28.1 Blechman spdcant (L.) Roth<br />
A sub-Atlantic species widespread throughout wetter parts of<br />
the <strong>British</strong> <strong>Isles</strong>. It is restricted by lack of suitable acid sandy<br />
substrate in much of lowland agricultural England. Similarly<br />
absent from the limestone areas of both Britain and Ireland.<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
1<br />
0
98 MARSILEACEAE<br />
0<br />
7<br />
6<br />
0<br />
29.1<br />
PILULARIA<br />
GLOBULIFERA<br />
Pillwort<br />
0 100<br />
1 1<br />
Kilometres<br />
Mikm<br />
5 -V \<br />
0<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
PLOT TED ON<br />
UTM GRID<br />
9<br />
8 9 0<br />
wv<br />
29.1 Pilularia globulifera L.<br />
100<br />
9<br />
8<br />
0 1 2 3 4<br />
1 00<br />
2<br />
A sub-Atlantic species spread throughout Britain and Ireland<br />
but generally decreasing because of drainage of marginal lands<br />
and ponds which formerly contained the species. Similarly<br />
declining in Europe where it is regarded as an endangered<br />
species. Unless sporocarps ("pills") and circinnately coiled<br />
leaves are present P.globulifera may be overlooked as a young<br />
Juncus plant.<br />
1<br />
0<br />
e<br />
0<br />
0 vm,<br />
0 0<br />
88 0<br />
o<br />
00<br />
00 0<br />
C. 60<br />
00<br />
0<br />
9<br />
8<br />
75<br />
HX<br />
HW<br />
0<br />
0 0 80<br />
0<br />
0<br />
00<br />
o o<br />
o o o<br />
lio<br />
o<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
N2<br />
4<br />
6<br />
t;$<br />
0<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
AZOLLACEAE 99<br />
0<br />
5<br />
0<br />
8<br />
30.1<br />
AZOLLA<br />
FILICULOIDES<br />
Water Fern<br />
0 100<br />
Kilometres<br />
0 100<br />
CHANNEL ISLANDS<br />
Mdes<br />
9<br />
PLOT TED ON 0 wv<br />
UTM GRID<br />
9<br />
9 0<br />
i3<br />
8<br />
2<br />
,47<br />
6 6<br />
3<br />
9<br />
8<br />
8 0<br />
N1<br />
0<br />
7 5<br />
o<br />
0 : 00 0<br />
_.<br />
gee<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
30.1 Azolla filiculoides Lam.<br />
Regarded by most botanists as having been introduced into<br />
Europe from tropical America. It is certainly well-established<br />
here and shows signs of increasing in Britain (cf. map 27/1,<br />
p.15, in the 1962 edition of the <strong>Atlas</strong> of the <strong>British</strong> Flora, with<br />
the above). With the present trend in eutrophication of ponds<br />
and inland waters it is difficult to explain this increase. Possibly<br />
the increased drainage operations have created more ditches<br />
and similar open water in drainage channels which have in turn<br />
become colonised. It suddenly, and inexplicably, disappears,<br />
often to return some five or ten years later.<br />
N2<br />
4 6<br />
0<br />
0<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
0
100<br />
Adiantum capillus-veneris 34<br />
Anogramma leptophylla 33<br />
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum 51, 55<br />
var. acutum 53<br />
subsp. onopteris 53<br />
subsp. serpentini 54<br />
x billotii 55<br />
x onopteris 53<br />
x scolopendrium 52<br />
x septentrionale 52<br />
adulterinum 61<br />
x alternifolium 58, 65<br />
billotii 55<br />
x scolopendrium 50<br />
ceterach 66<br />
x clermontiae 61, 63<br />
x confluens 50<br />
x contrei 52<br />
cuneifolium 54<br />
x jacksonii 50, 52<br />
x lusaticum 57<br />
marinum 56<br />
x microdon 50, 52<br />
x murbeckii 63<br />
obovatum 55<br />
onopteris 53<br />
x pseudoadulterinum 61<br />
ruta-muraria 62<br />
subsp. dolomiticum 62<br />
subsp. ruta-muraria 62<br />
x septentrionale 63<br />
x trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens 63<br />
x sarniense 55<br />
scolopendrium 49<br />
x trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens 50<br />
septentrionale 64<br />
x trichomanes subsp. trichomanes 65<br />
x souchei 52<br />
x ticinense 53<br />
trichomanes 57<br />
subsp. x lusaticum 57<br />
subsp. quadrivalens 57, 59, 60<br />
subsp. trichomanes 57, 58, 59, 60, 61<br />
viride 61<br />
x Asplenophyllitis confluens 50<br />
jacksonii 52<br />
microdon 50<br />
Athyrium alpestre 68<br />
distentifolium 68<br />
var. flexile 69<br />
filix-femina 67<br />
flexile 69<br />
Azolla filiculoides 2, 99<br />
Index<br />
Synonyms are given in italics, map pages in roman<br />
Blechnum chilense 2<br />
penna-marina 2<br />
spicant 97<br />
Botrychium lunaria 27<br />
Ceterach officinarum 66<br />
Cryptogramma crispa 32<br />
Cyrtomium falcatum 2<br />
Cystopteris dickieana 73<br />
fragilis 72, 73, 75, 76<br />
montana 74<br />
Dicksonia antarctica 2<br />
Diphasiastrum alpinum 7<br />
x complanatum 8<br />
x issleri 7, 8<br />
Diphasium alpinum 7<br />
x issleri 8<br />
Dryopteris abbreviata I, 81<br />
aemula 88<br />
x oreades 84<br />
x ambrosiae 87, 95<br />
assimilis 1, 96<br />
austriaca 93<br />
x carthusiana 94<br />
x expansa 88, 95<br />
borreri 1, 86<br />
x brathaica 92<br />
carthusiana 1, 91<br />
x cristata 92<br />
x filix-mas 92<br />
cristata 90<br />
x deweveri 91, 94<br />
dilatata 93<br />
expansa 87, 91, 96<br />
filix-mas 82, 83<br />
var. abbreviata 81<br />
var. borreri 86<br />
x oreades 84<br />
x pseudomas 85<br />
lanceolatocristata 1, 91<br />
x mantoniae 82, 84<br />
oreades 1, 81, 82<br />
x pseudoabbreviata 84, 88<br />
pseudomas 1, 82, 86, 87<br />
remota 87<br />
x remota 92<br />
rigida 89<br />
spinulosa 91<br />
x tavelii 82, 85<br />
x uliginosa 92<br />
villarii subsp. submontana I, 89<br />
x woynarii 87
Equisetum arvense 19, 20<br />
x fluviatile 21<br />
x palustre 22<br />
fluviatile 18<br />
x palustre 19, 20<br />
x font-queri 22<br />
hyemale 14<br />
x ramosissimum 15<br />
x variegatum 16<br />
x litorale 19, 21<br />
x moorei 2, 15<br />
palustre 25<br />
x telmateia 22<br />
pratense 23<br />
ramosissimum 2, 15<br />
x rothmaleri 22<br />
sylvaticum 23, 24<br />
telmateia 26<br />
x trachyodon 16<br />
variegatum 17<br />
wilsonii 17<br />
Gymnocarpium dryopteris 70<br />
robertianum 71<br />
Huperzia selago 6<br />
Hymenophyllum tunbrigense 35, 36<br />
wilsonii 36<br />
Isoetes echinospora 11, 12<br />
histrix 13<br />
lacustris 11, 12<br />
setacea 12<br />
Lepidotis inundata 5<br />
Lycopodiella inundata 5<br />
Lycopodium alpinum 7, 8<br />
annotinum 3<br />
clavatum 4<br />
inundatum 5<br />
issleri 8<br />
selago 6<br />
Matteuccia struthiopteris 2<br />
Onoclea sensibilis 2<br />
Ophioglossum azoricum 29<br />
lusitanicum 30<br />
vulgatum 28<br />
subsp. ambiguum 29<br />
Oreopteris limbosperma 48<br />
Osmunda regalis 31<br />
Phegopteris connectilis 47<br />
Phyllitis scolopendrium 49<br />
Pilularia globulifera 98<br />
Polypodium australe 42<br />
x interjectum 44<br />
x vulgare 43<br />
x font-queri 43<br />
interjectum 40<br />
x vulgare 41<br />
x mantoniae 41<br />
x shivasiae 44<br />
vulgare 38, 39<br />
subsp. prionodes 40<br />
subsp. serrulatum 42<br />
Polystichum aculeatum 78, 80<br />
x lonchitis 79<br />
x setiferum 79<br />
x bicknellii 79<br />
x illyricum 77, 79<br />
x lonchitiforme 77, 79<br />
lonchitis 77<br />
x setiferum 77<br />
setiferum 78, 80<br />
Pteridium aquilinum 45<br />
Pteris cretica 2<br />
vittata 2<br />
Selaginella kraussiana 2, 10<br />
selaginoides 9<br />
<strong>The</strong>lypteris dryopteris 70<br />
limbosperma 48<br />
oreopteris 48<br />
palustris 1, 46<br />
phegopteris 46<br />
robertiana 71<br />
thelypteroides subsp. glabra 1, 46<br />
Trichomanes speciosum 37<br />
Woodsia alpina 75, 76<br />
ilvensis 75<br />
101