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Fig. 94 wallsystem equipped with Geodetect (1) Leromur concrete cinder blocks (2) reinforced geotextile (3) Geodetect-strips (4) weatherproofed cable (5) mobile measuring device [176] The Geodetect fabric is used to monitor the deformation and absorbing behaviour of a bridge construction in Saint-Saturnin in France. Geodetect delivers data during the construction period and after completion of the installed wallsystem. The construction started in 2004 [176]. 2.3.5.2 Patents published The University of Stuttgart and the German Institutes for Textile and Fibre Research Denkendorf patented a fibre comprising a glassfibre core surrounded by semiconductor layers (WO 02/37577). The fibre can be further processed into a textile structure and can be, for instance, used for the production of a textile switch. The company Tactex Controls, Inc., issued patents to protect its place as a designer and manufacturer of sensing products and to secure its innovations in the medical products field: US 6715359 ‘Pressure sensitive surface’ A position sensor comprises a substrate having an array of pressure sensors and a membrane overlying the substrate. The membrane includes physical parameters which vary with position. The membrane may include discontinuous regions and protrusions which affect the way in which forces on the membrane are distributed to the substrate. A pressure sensor may also include a controller for receiving pressure information from the substrate, with a signal processor being programmed to localize the depressed region or regions of the substrate. US 6788295 Touch pad using a non-electrical deformable pressure sensor A touch pad for controlling electronic equipment includes a deformable touch surface and a compressible pad body in contact with the touch surface. The compressible body is formed from a 99
material which scatters or diffuses light within the material. Multiple sources of light or other wave energy are directed into the interior of the substrate to form multiple illuminated cells inside the pad body. Each illuminated cell forms an integrated cavity within the pad body. A detector in communication with the compressible material detects light intensity within the integrated cavity. A processor receives signals from the detector and converts the signals into useable information relating to the position of regions of compression of the pad. 2.4 Phase change materials and Microencapsulation The introduction of adaptive phase change materials initiated the use of passive smart materials, which were introduced in chapter 1.2. These materials possess the capability to improve the thermal comfort for someone exposed to extreme temperatures when they are integrated into the garment. The following subchapters give an overview on the state of the art of these materials including technological aspects as well as their applications and products in our aforementioned three textile areas, clothing, interior and technical textiles. 2.4.1 Description The technology of microencapsulation has originated both from the paper and the pharmaceutical industries. The encapsulation process was discovered and developed by Barrett K. Green of the National Cash Register Corporation (NCR) in the 1940’s and 1950’s when his company needed a product that would give multiple paper copies without carbon paper. The new printing system was triggered by including a colourless sue-base in gelatine microcapsules (coated back, CB) and coating the second sheet of paper (coated front, CF) with acidic clay, which could react with the dye-base to produce a colour. Large efforts in microencapsulation research were done by the pharmaceutical industry in the 70’s and 80’s. Microencapsulation was an ideal tool to formulate very unstable compounds or to regulate their release. In the last years a growing number of applications of microcapsules on textiles have emerged. Micro-encapsulation is a technique enclosing certain substances in a solid, liquid or gaseous state in microcapsules (small spheres with a diameter of a few micrometers). A microcapsule consists of a core, containing the product of interest and a shell that either permanently or temporarily protects the core. The shell prevents the active substance from getting mixed with the textile material. Widely used 100
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Clevertex Development of a strategi
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Table of Content 2.3.1 Description
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Index to universities, institutes,
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Index to universities, institutes,
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Against this background, the presen
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A search to the first intelligent t
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Besides metal fibres and yarns also
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Fig. 1 Diagram of the bundle drawin
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However, they cannot provide unifor
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The Textile Research Institute of T
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Researchers at the Electronics Depa
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ergonomic comfort, and high piëzor
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mp3players and mobile phones. They
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The American-based company Logitech
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2.1.3.1.2 Stretch sensors Stretch s
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However, next to monitoring device
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substrate and fabricated at high pr
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Fig. 17 Structure of a Personal hea
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A first step towards wearable elect
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The Finnish company Clothing+ relea
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textile keypad has been developed b
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Fig. 28 Snowboard glove with integr
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purchase to be recorded at the leve
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This project juxtaposes electricity
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Additionally, XS Labs, a design res
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y pressing the ”+” and ”-”
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Philips published a patent on defor
Page 55 and 56: Heating and cooling jacket Fig. 43
Page 57 and 58: • the inner layer is made of Cool
Page 59 and 60: Fig. 47 SmartShirt Texile Platform
Page 61 and 62: problem should be taken care of at
Page 63 and 64: the result of the coupled conductiv
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 54 The smart second skin [120]
Page 67 and 68: exercises. The data base analyses t
Page 69 and 70: power and ground planes, the circui
Page 71 and 72: especially in carpets. In this case
Page 73 and 74: construction, an extra wire is need
Page 75 and 76: Fig. 67 FiberThermics® by Thermoso
Page 77 and 78: 2.1.5.4 Patents published 2.1.6 App
Page 79 and 80: coated Copper wires. Further, they
Page 81 and 82: effects such as violet becoming red
Page 83 and 84: chiral nematic phase is its ability
Page 85 and 86: esume their original chemical struc
Page 87 and 88: The American company Color Change C
Page 89 and 90: International Fashion Machines prod
Page 91 and 92: Fig. 81 Fashion Victim [147] They p
Page 93 and 94: Telecommunication Optical fibres ar
Page 95 and 96: Fig. 82 Crystal Fibre [148] More co
Page 97 and 98: on a Jacquard loom before being pro
Page 99 and 100: The company VISSON in co-operation
Page 101 and 102: Fig. 88 Reima Robotec overall [161]
Page 103 and 104: A mixture of four components (a liq
Page 105: generated by a light source and is
Page 109 and 110: Fig. 95 PCM microcapsules coated on
Page 111 and 112: 2.4.3.1 Research projects and produ
Page 113 and 114: 2.4.3.2 Patents published The Secre
Page 115 and 116: automatic healing response. The mat
Page 117 and 118: Fig. 101 Ms beginning martensite -
Page 119 and 120: Shape memory polymers possess some
Page 121 and 122: fibroin, keratin and collagen, drie
Page 123 and 124: made out of this fabric. The sleeve
Page 125 and 126: Toray Industries and Marmot Mountai
Page 127 and 128: Polymers Study is now on the way to
Page 129 and 130: Fig. 110 Flap opening in the textil
Page 131 and 132: increasing quantities of the aqueou
Page 133 and 134: allows the production of several fu
Page 135 and 136: 2.7.2 Technology 2.7.3 Applications
Page 137 and 138: So far, a dress, messenger bags and
Page 139 and 140: 2.8.1.2 Patents published 2.8.2 App
Page 141 and 142: esearch objectives and five cross-c
Page 143 and 144: 2.9.2.2 My Heart The MyHeart projec
Page 145 and 146: Commission. 31 partners from 10 Eur
Page 147 and 148: andage. Therefore, active (controll
Page 149 and 150: [18] Scheibner, W., Feustel, M., Mo
Page 151 and 152: [54] Starner, T., “Human-powered
Page 153 and 154: [88] Galbraith, M., “elroy”, ht
Page 155 and 156: [124] We make money not art: The Em
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[161] Clothing +, “Reima Robotec
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[197] Kontturi, K., Vuorio, M., “
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