TIRE MAINTENANCE MANUAL - Goodyear Off-The-Road (OTR)

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forms a barrier to protect the carcass from the weather. Deflection Many people think that deflection describes the bulge at the bottom of a loaded tire. Actually, this bulge occurs as a result of deflection. Deflection really describes the change in the tire’s radius when a normal load is applied. The radius is measured from the center of the axle/hub to the ground (See Figure 2, above). Unloaded Radius is measured with no weight on the tire. The tire is mounted on a rim and inflated to working pressure. The tire is stood and supported so the tread touches the ground. However, no load is applied (ie. not even the weight of the tire and rim). Basic Factors Tire Maintenance UNDEFLECTED (Zero Load) NORMAL DEFLECTION (Rated Load/Inflation) 5 Inner Liner A specially formulated rubber compound inside the tire that minimizes permeation. It works with the rim and O-ring to contain the inflation medium in tubeless designs. OVERDEFLECTION (Overload and/or Underinflation) Static Loaded Radius is measured with the weight of the vehicle and payload on the tire. Static means that the tire is standing still. The deflection is the difference between the Unloaded Radius and Static Loaded Radius. This is the same distance that the axle lowers when the vehicle is fully loaded. Deflection is extremely important. Engineers design tires to operate at a certain percentage of deflection. Operating with too much deflection reduces tire life. Load and Pressure Relationship Each tire is designed to carry a specific load at a specific inflation pressure. (Load/Inflation Tables are in the back of this book). When the tire is inflated to the correct
pressure for the load, deflection will be within design limits. Loading a tire above the specified limit will result in overdeflection. Inflating a tire above the specified limit will result in underdeflection. WARNING Overinflation and or overloading can lead to a tire explosion. This can lead to death, serious injury or property damage. Do not overinflate or overload OTR tires. For a given tire size, inflation pressure determines how much load can be carried (the inflation medium can be air or nitrogen). THE MOST IMPORTANT AND CRIT- ICAL PART OF TIRE MAINTENANCE IS MAINTAINING PROPER INFLA- TION PRESSURE. Loads The inflation pressure carries the load. The tire’s pressure capacity is determined by its carcass strength. Carcass strength is indicated by a ply rating (PR) for bias and bias/belted tires. Symbol or Star Ratings are used to indicate radial tire strength (symbol and star mean the same thing). Some Off-the-road tires are marked with Load Indexes and Speed Symbols. A Load Index is a numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at the speed indicated by the Speed Symbol under specified service conditions. A Speed Symbol indicates the maximum speed that the tire was designed to operate under specified service conditions. Some Earthmover Speed symbols are: 6 A2 5 mph 10 kmph B 30 mph 50 kmph E 43 mph 70 kmph NOTE: none of the terms (PR, Symbol, Star, LISS) indicate the actual number of plies. There are factors other than inflation pressure which affect tire load capacity. Larger tires (with larger internal air volumes) can carry higher loads at the same pressure. Load capacity also varies with speed. The tire standards associations (T&RA, ETRTO and JATMA) publish tables of maximum loads at specified speeds. These tables correspond to: • 30 MPH (50 KMPH) for scrapers, trucks. • 25 MPH (40 KMPH) for graders. • 5 MPH (10 KMPH) for dozers, loaders. • Drive-away speeds for roading equipment. Operators sometimes overload tires. They are willing to sacrifice tire performance for fewer trips or higher production (bigger loads). Fig. 3. Ply separation/fatigue due to overloading. Even a slight, but constant, overload will result in reduced tire performance. This
Page 2 and 3: To The Owner/Operator Off-the-road
Page 4 and 5: Horizontal Demounting 51” and Lar
Page 8 and 9: leads directly to a higher cost per
Page 10 and 11: 2) Keep front windshield, headlight
Page 12 and 13: 1) Do not overload haulage trucks.
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 14.This break resulted from a
Page 16 and 17: Inflation pressure recommendations
Page 18 and 19: Circumferential measurement is a mo
Page 20 and 21: and Front Axle Load = (B/C X Payloa
Page 22 and 23: Both tube-type and tubeless tires c
Page 24 and 25: cover. Water and moisture must be k
Page 26 and 27: Tire Changing Equipment and Tools T
Page 28 and 29: Use mmechaniicall aids when removin
Page 30 and 31: PRECAUTION Doon’t hammer beead se
Page 32 and 33: Neveer introduce a flammable substa
Page 34 and 35: SERVICING TIRE AND RIM ON MACHINE P
Page 36 and 37: Demounting Procedures Before removi
Page 38 and 39: After complete deflation, place ass
Page 40 and 41: 5. Work 2nd tire iron around wheel
Page 42 and 43: Be sure tool is properly seated. If
Page 44 and 45: Be sure tool is properly seated. If
Page 46 and 47: 8. Unseat back tire bead. Use hydra
Page 48 and 49: Mounting Off-The-Road Tires On Type
Page 50 and 51: Mounting Bias Off-The-Road Tires on
Page 52 and 53: 9. Lubricate O-ring with vegetable
Page 54 and 55: 6. Place back flange on rim base. 7
Page 56 and 57:
Mounting Radial Off-The-Road Tires
Page 58 and 59:
Mounting Tires on a Machine (Tubele
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Photo 5 Photo 6 59 Typical Heavy Du
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All off-the-road (OTR) tires are su
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Ton Mile Per Hour (TMPH/TKPH) Requi
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Formula Limitation: Tests have show
Page 68 and 69:
WCF Field Applications The WCF can
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Swell factors will vary with the am
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HRR-1A (E-1) Hard Rock Rib tire for
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SGL D/L-2A (L-2) Provides excellent
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RGB-1A (G-1) An ideal tire for the
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RL-2+ (E-3+T) Unique tire for use i
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GP-2B (E-3) Non-directional tread d
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GP-3D (L-3) Centerline riding lugs
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SG-2B (G-2) The SG-2B is a 100 leve
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85 85 LOAD LIMITS AT COLD INFLATION
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87 LOAD LIMITS AT COLD INFLATION PR
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101 LOAD LIMITS AT COLD INFLATION P
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121 LOAD AND INFLATION TABLES: ENGL
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123 LOAD AND INFLATION TABLES: METR
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125 LOAD AND INFLATION TABLES: METR
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TIRE MAINTENANCE MANUAL - Goodyear Off-The-Road (OTR)

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