IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...

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17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Thursday 1 December 2011 Plenary Session 0900 – 1030 Authors: Perrin H Beatty 1 , and Allen G Good 1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E9 Presentation Title: Environmental and economic impacts of biological N2 fixing cereal crops Presentation Time: 0930 - 1000 We will need to feed a large future global population using less arable land while coping with rising fuel prices and environmental pollution inherent to the increase in N fertilizer use in intensive farming practices. Cereal crops tend to have low nitrogen use efficiency and require N fertilizer application (synthetic or organic) for high yields. A portion of the applied N fertilizer will be lost to the plant by either uptake competition from soil microbes resulting in nitrification/denitrification and eventually loss back to the atmosphere, leaching into waterways and ammonia volatization. However, cereal crops that can fix their own nitrogen would bypass the N losses to the environment while still providing N to the plants. The engineering of N2 fixing cereal crops, by introducing either diazotrophic bacterial nodulation within cereal crop roots or nitrogenase genes (nif genes) directly into plant chloroplasts or mitochondria, is an attainable future goal (Beatty and Good, 2011). Both approaches are expected to take multiple years to completion, although step-wise advances in the ability of cereal crops to fix N2 are expected along the way. The rate of N2 fixation using either approach is predicted to be similar to the rate measured in rhizobial-legume symbiosis, or higher. This suggests that, if we can successfully engineer BNF cereal crops, the requirement for cereal crop N fertilizer application will be reduced, or potentially, even eliminated. The environmental and economic impacts of N2 fixing cereal crops are assessed in this paper, such as the environmental effects of using less N fertilizer on the atmosphere and aquatic ecosphere, the economic implications for farmers, as well as the potential implications to the plants‟ N economy. Beatty PH & Good AG (2011). Cereal crops and biological nitrogen fixation; future prospects. Science, July 24. 98 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Thursday 1 December 2011 Plenary Session 0900 – 1030 Authors: Jean-Jacques Drevon 1 , Hesham Attar 2 , Adnane Bargaz 3 , Mustapha Faghire 3 , Cherki Ghoulam 3 , Mohamed Lazali 4 , Mohamed Ounan 1 , Paula Rodino 5 1 INRA, Eco&Sols, 2 Place Viala, 34000 Montpellier, France 2 NRC Cairo, Egypt 3 Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Gueliz, Marrakech, Maroc 4 Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, El Harrach, Alger, Algérie. 5 Plant Genetics and Breeding, CSIC, 36080-Pontevedra, Spain. Presentation Title: Is phosphorus efficiency low for symbiotic nitrogen fixation? Presentation Time: 1000 - 1030 Phosphorus is the limiting nutrient for legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation in most soils of the planet. Thus the yield of legumes generally responds to phosphorus fertilization. The P requirement of legumes is generally higher when their growth depends upon atmospheric nitrogen than upon ammonium or nitrate. This communication will revise the metabolic and structural utilizations of P that may limit the P efficiency for N2 reduction in legume nodules and their genetic variation among legume species. The interaction with P metabolism will be illustrated with our results on nodule phytase activity (Araujo et al. 2008), and the tissue expression of the corresponding gene by in situ RT-PCR on nodule sections. The later will be compared with that of phosphoenol pyruvate phosphatase, and other candidate genes like trehalose 6-P phosphatase, that have been identified by deep super SAGE on nodule mRNA populations (Molina et al. 2011). The selection procedure of contrasting genotypes in P utilization for N2 fixation will be proposed to assess the functions involved in the adaptation of N2-fixing legumes in agro-ecosystems with low P soils, and to improve the yield of legumes and the sustainability of agricultural systemsdepending upon N2-fixation. Araujo AP, Plassard C & Drevon JJ (2008) Phosphatase and phytase activities in nodules of common bean genotypes at different levels of phosphorus supply. Plant Soil 312, 129-138. Molina C, Zaman-Allah M, Faheema K, Fatnassi N, Horres R, Rotter B, Steinhauer D, Drevon JJ, Winter P, Kahl G (2011) The salt-responsive transcriptome of chickpea root and nodules via deep super SAGE. BMC Plant Biology 11, 11-31. 99 2011
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IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...

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