IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...

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17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Wednesday 30 November 2011 Concurrent Session 12 – PGPR & Plant Production 1100 – 1230 Author: Ivan Kennedy SUNFix Centre for Nitrogen Fixation, University of Sydney, Australia Presentation Title: Beneficial biofilms on plant root surfaces – achieving more sustainable crop production Presentation Time: 1200 - 1220 Plant growth promotion (PGP) for crops by microorganisms have been recognised for some time in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legumes, shown in Germany in the late 19 th century in the face of opposition by Justus Von Liebig. More subtle are the beneficial effects of the PGP microbes in cereals and other crops. These involve a complex of phytohormonal effects, nutrient mobilisation, BNF and biocontrol that benefit plant growth and overall yield (Kennedy et al. 2008). Essentially, it is possible to grow crops such as rice inoculated with microbes forming biofilms on the surfaces of their roots while that allow significantly reduced inputs of chemical fertilisers, seed, pesticides and water, as well as reduced harvest losses. This presentation will focus on properties of a successful biofertiliser, BioGro ─ a commercial product invented in Vietnam consisting of four strains (Pseudomonas, Bacillus and a yeast) inoculated to the rhizosphere of rice seedlings. It is remarkable that BioGro contains strains selected empirically on the basis of their effectivness for rice farmers later identified in Australia as including species recognised around the world in research laboratories as having a strong basis for beneficial effects as biofertilisers. As was the case about a century ago with legumes and the rhizobia that form N2-fixing nodules on their roots, obtaining an effective outcome from applying these biofilm-forming organisms to crops in the field is challenging. It may be important to match microbial strains with plant species but it is certainly important that inoculants of high quality in terms of particular microbial strains in sufficient numbers (ca. 10 8 cells per g of inert carrier). Furthermore, convincing farmers of the beneficial effects and the scale of economic benefits possible is also important. The design of an efficient supply chain that includes quality control and delivery of economic and environmental benefits from biofertilisers to farmers is equally challenging. In this presentation, a strategy for simultaneously achieving environment-friendly and economic benefits being developed in a World Bank Development Marketplace project Sustaining nitrogen-efficient rice production, will be described. Lessons learnt from this project found to be important for implementation of new technology based on these microbial biofilms in both developing and developed countries will be discussed. Efficient nutrient use in rice production in Vietnam achieved using inoculant biofertilisers, I.R. Kennedy et al., eds. ACIAR Proceedings 130, 2008, book downloadable from www.aciar.gov.au. 78 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Wednesday 30 November 2011 Plenary Session 6 1330 - 1500 Authors: Ross Ballard 1,5 , Nigel Charman 1,5 , Alan Humphries 1,5 , Matthew Denton 2,3,5 , Lori Phillips 2,5 , David Pearce 2 , Shoba Venkatanagappa 4,5 & Tim O‟Brien 4 1 South Australian Research and Development Institute, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001. 2 Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Rutherglen, Vic 3685. 3 The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond SA 5064 4 NSW Department of Primary Industries. Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Tamworth NSW 2340. 5 Cooperative Research Centre for Future Farm Industries. Crawley, WA, 6009. Presentation Title: Limits to lucerne nodulation in acidic field soils Presentation Time: 1330 – 1400 Lucerne is valued for its supply of high quality feed throughout the year, N2-fixation and environmental benefits. A constraint to the wider use of lucerne is the sensitivity of the symbiosis and in particular the rhizobia to low pH. Hence, lucerne is not recommended for soils below pH 5 (CaCl2). Ten strains of rhizobia that resulted in large improvements in lucerne nodulation in solution culture at pH 4.8 are being evaluated at four field sites ranging in pH (CaCl2) from 4.1 to 4.7. Lucerne nodulation, and plant survival and production were measured in the two years after establishment. Saprophytic competence of the strains has also been determined. Large differences in plant nodulation 10 months after sowing occurred at the different sites. At the site with soil pH 4.7, 64% of plants were nodulated compared to 8% at the site with soil pH 4.1. Differences in nodulation by the strains of rhizobia were smaller. Strains SRDI684, SRDI672 and SRDI736 ranked highest overall. Strain SRDI736 was also shown to have greater saprophytic competence at pH 4.7 than RRI128 which is used in commercial inoculants. Density of inoculated plants declined from 127 to 76 plants/m 2 (pH 4.7 site) and from 103 to 21 plants/m 2 (pH 4.1 site). To date strain of rhizobia has not significantly (P
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