IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...
IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ... IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Monday 28 November 2011 Author: Plenary Session 2 1330 - 1500 Jens Stougaard Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Presentation Title: Nod factor perception, signal transduction and the role of LysM type receptors Presentation Time: 1400 - 1430 Formation of root nodules in legumes relies on a genetic program controlling and synchronising two processes running in parallel. Nodule primordia are formed from root cortical cells initiating cell divisions and simultaneously a bacterial infection process targets the primordia developing from the cell division foci. Plant receptors involved in perception of bacterial signal molecules are important components of these pathways and they are also involved in determining host specificity. The role of Lotus japonicus LysM type serine/threonine receptor kinases in perception of Nod-factor signals from bacterial microsymbionts during nodule initiation and nodule maintenance will be discussed. The extracellular domains of the trans-membrane kinases carry LysM domains suggesting that they are involved in perception of the rhizobial lipochitin-oligosaccharide signals and in deciphering the structure of lipochitin-oligosaccharides. Experiments and studies addressing these questions will be presented and the involvement of receptor kinases in the early physiological and cellular responses as well as later during nodule development will be illustrated. In addition to the NFR1 and NFR5 receptors, the Lotus japonicus genome encodes fifteen hitherto uncharacterised LysM type receptor kinases. The functional role of these receptors is currently investigated using a number or approaches including TILLING mutants and expression studies. 20 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Monday 28 November 2011 Plenary Session 2 1330 - 1500 Author: Kristina Lindström University of Helsinki, Finland Presentation Title: Rhizobium taxonomy and diversity – Is there anything more to learn? Presentation Time: 1430 - 1500 The taxonomy and diversity of rhizobia have during the last few years deserved ample attention, and more new species than ever of legume-nodulating bacteria were described. With our collaborators we have recently studied collections of rhizobia from Galega orientalis and G. officinalis from the Caucasus, of bacteria from Chinese medicinal Glycyrrhiza species, and of bacteria isolated from Ethiopian Phaseolus beans. We also investigated diversity and evolutionary patterns in plant accessions of Caucasian Galega species and sequenced the genomes of two R. galegae strains. The phylogenetic tree of rhizobia and agrobacteria displays patterns of related species, “species compexes”. By an MLSA approach we try to sort out the “R. galegae species complex” in relation to genus Agrobacterium and other Rhizobium species. According to MLSA, the Ethiopian bean isolates mainly belong to the “R. leguminosarum species complex”, and represent R, leguminosarum, R. phaseoli and R. etli. In our study R. fabae and R. pisi seem to be one species, whereas current R. leguminosarum might be two. A sister clade to R. etli of Ethiopian strains might represent a new species, but do we want to be “splitters” or “lumpers”? Current criteria for the description of new species focus on doing a plethora of tests with little relevance to biology, evolution and symbiosis. Resources should be directed towards answering interesting questions in those fields instead. Our studies of the Glycyrrhiza isolates showed that the bacteria were taxonomically diverse but that symbiotically could be divided into true symbionts, sporadic symbionts and other endophytes. The true symbionts were Mesorhizobium species. Systematic sampling, biogeographical analyses, including aspects of symbiosis (host plants, effectiveness, Nod factors) in combination with molecular diversity and phylogenetic studies still hold promise and are likely to yield important information for biology and agronomy. 21 2011
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17 th <strong>International</strong> Congress on <strong>Nitrogen</strong> <strong>Fixation</strong><br />
Fremantle, Western Australia<br />
27 November – 1 December 2011<br />
Session Details: Monday 28 November 2011<br />
Author:<br />
Plenary Session 2<br />
1330 - 1500<br />
Jens Stougaard<br />
Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology,<br />
Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.<br />
Presentation Title: Nod factor perception, signal transduction and the role of LysM type receptors<br />
Presentation Time: 1400 - 1430<br />
Formation of root nodules in legumes relies on a genetic program controlling and synchronising two processes<br />
running in parallel. Nodule primordia are formed from root cortical cells initiating cell divisions and simultaneously<br />
a bacterial infection process targets the primordia developing from the cell division foci. Plant receptors involved<br />
in perception of bacterial signal molecules are important components of these pathways and they are also<br />
involved in determining host specificity. The role of Lotus japonicus LysM type serine/threonine receptor kinases<br />
in perception of Nod-factor signals from bacterial microsymbionts during nodule initiation and nodule<br />
maintenance will be discussed. The extracellular domains of the trans-membrane kinases carry LysM domains<br />
suggesting that they are involved in perception of the rhizobial lipochitin-oligosaccharide signals and in<br />
deciphering the structure of lipochitin-oligosaccharides. Experiments and studies addressing these questions will<br />
be presented and the involvement of receptor kinases in the early physiological and cellular responses as well as<br />
later during nodule development will be illustrated. In addition to the NFR1 and NFR5 receptors, the Lotus<br />
japonicus genome encodes fifteen hitherto uncharacterised LysM type receptor kinases. The functional role of<br />
these receptors is currently investigated using a number or approaches including TILL<strong>IN</strong>G mutants and<br />
expression studies.<br />
20<br />
2011
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