IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...
IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ... IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Monday 28 November 2011 Plenary Session 1 1100 - 1230 Author: Giles Oldroyd John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK Presentation Title: Establishing beneficial interactions with the symbiosis signalling pathway Presentation Time: 1200 - 1230 The establishment of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses requires the common symbiotic signalling pathway that utilises oscillations in calcium as a secondary messenger. This signalling pathway is differentially activated by rhizobial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi and this is expressed as differential calcium oscillations. Specificity must be maintained in this common signalling pathway since alternate developmental processes need to be activated in order to accommodate rhizobial bacteria or mycorrhizal fungi. The calcium oscillations are decoded by a calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCaMK). This protein is unique among calcium activated kinases in having the capability to respond independently to both free calcium and to calcium complexed with calmodulin. This dual modality of calcium activation appears to allow exquisite perception of calcium concentrations that is likely involved in the differential activation of CCaMK by the two symbionts. Lying downstream of CCaMK are a suite of transcription factors, with both rhizobial and mycorrhizal specific transcription factors. It appears that specificity in this pathway is encoded by the differential activation of these symbiosis specific transcription factors, that in turn coordinate the different processes necessary for these two symbioses. 18 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Monday 28 November 2011 Plenary Session 2 1330 - 1500 Author: Ken Giller Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700AT Wageningen, The Netherlands Presentation Title: N2Africa – Putting Nitrogen Fixation to work for smallholder farmers in Africa Presentation Time: 1330 - 1400 Maximal rates of N2-fixation recorded in the tropics reach an astonishing 5 kg N ha -1 day -1 . We have measured more than 250 kg N ha -1 of fixed N2 in soyabean in southern Africa with associated grain yields of more than 4 t ha -1 . But often less than 5 kg N ha -1 year -1 is fixed by legumes at farm scale in African smallholder systems. Increase of inputs from nitrogen fixation is required to achieve the increases in productivity required as part of the African green revolution that is gaining momentum. Successful N2-fixation by legumes in the field depends on the interaction: (GL � GR) � E � M that is (legume genotype � rhizobium genotype) � environment � management. Environment encompasses climate (temperature, rainfall, daylength etc) and soil stresses (acidity, aluminium toxicity, limiting nutrients etc). Management includes aspects of agronomic management (use of mineral fertilizers, sowing dates, plant density, weeding). Although much research is focused on identifying best combinations of GL and GR, the E and M factors often override the potential of the legume/rhizobium symbiosis for N2-fixation. Attention will be focused on identifying new socioecological niches for fitting grain, forage and tree legumes into existing farming systems, and the conditions necessary to achieve successful N2-fixation. The N2Africa project aims to increase inputs from N2-fixation on more than 225,000 smallholder farms across eight African countries within four years through: a) Increasing the area of land cropped with legumes; b) Increasing legume productivity through better agronomy and basal (P, K etc) fertilizer; c) Selecting and disseminating legume varieties with increased N2-fixation; d) Selecting better rhizobium strains and promoting high quality inoculants; e) Linking farmers to markets and creating new enterprises to increase demand for legumes. N2Africa has already reached more than 25,000 farmers and conducted more than 1,000 inoculation trials. The latest learnings will be discussed. 19 2011
- Page 1 and 2: PrinciPal SPonSor: SPonSorS: Progra
- Page 3 and 4: INVENTING THE FUTURE IN INOCULANTS
- Page 5 and 6: 17 ICNF Organising Committee Graham
- Page 7 and 8: Cottesloe Beach © Tourism Western
- Page 9 and 10: GeNeRAl INfoRmATIoN aTM’s Automat
- Page 11 and 12: 16:30 - 16:50 Felix Dakora Tshwane
- Page 14 and 15: Thursday 1 December 2011 08:00 - 12
- Page 16 and 17: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 20 and 21: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 22 and 23: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 24 and 25: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 26 and 27: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 28 and 29: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 30 and 31: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 32 and 33: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 34 and 35: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 36 and 37: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 38 and 39: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 40 and 41: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 42 and 43: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 44 and 45: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 46 and 47: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 48 and 49: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 50 and 51: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 52 and 53: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 54 and 55: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 56 and 57: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 58 and 59: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 60 and 61: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 62 and 63: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 64 and 65: 17 th International Congress on Nit
- Page 66 and 67: 17 th International Congress on Nit
17 th <strong>International</strong> Congress on <strong>Nitrogen</strong> <strong>Fixation</strong><br />
Fremantle, Western Australia<br />
27 November – 1 December 2011<br />
Session Details: Monday 28 November 2011<br />
Plenary Session 1<br />
1100 - 1230<br />
Author: Giles Oldroyd<br />
John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK<br />
Presentation Title: Establishing beneficial interactions with the symbiosis signalling pathway<br />
Presentation Time: 1200 - 1230<br />
The establishment of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses requires the common symbiotic signalling pathway<br />
that utilises oscillations in calcium as a secondary messenger. This signalling pathway is differentially activated<br />
by rhizobial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi and this is expressed as differential calcium oscillations. Specificity<br />
must be maintained in this common signalling pathway since alternate developmental processes need to be<br />
activated in order to accommodate rhizobial bacteria or mycorrhizal fungi. The calcium oscillations are decoded<br />
by a calcium and calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CCaMK). This protein is unique among calcium activated<br />
kinases in having the capability to respond independently to both free calcium and to calcium complexed with<br />
calmodulin. This dual modality of calcium activation appears to allow exquisite perception of calcium<br />
concentrations that is likely involved in the differential activation of CCaMK by the two symbionts. Lying<br />
downstream of CCaMK are a suite of transcription factors, with both rhizobial and mycorrhizal specific<br />
transcription factors. It appears that specificity in this pathway is encoded by the differential activation of these<br />
symbiosis specific transcription factors, that in turn coordinate the different processes necessary for these two<br />
symbioses.<br />
18<br />
2011
Change language