IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...

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17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Title Development of an inoculant for Acacia acuminata to improve growth of Santalum spicatum Authors Elizabeth Watkin 1 , Len Norris 2, 3 , Liz Barbour 2,4 Poster Board Number 33 1 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University 2 Forest Products Commission 3 Department of Agriculture & Food WA 4 Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia Acacia acuminata is the most widely used host species within commercial plantations of the hemi-parasitic species Santalum spicatum (West Australian sandalwood). Some 10 thousand hectares of WA sandalwood plantations have been established in the 400 to 600 mm rainfall zone of the wheat-belt to supplement future shortfalls in West Australian sandalwood supply resulting from native harvest restrictions and increase in world demand. Host selection trials in WA demonstrated that leguminous N-fixing species are superior compared to non N-fixing species, with A. acuminata being a superior choice across a range of environments. Improving Nfixation of A. acuminata was identified as a potential factor to increase sandalwood productivity. This study aimed to develop a high-performing N-fixing inoculant for application to A. acuminata seedlings in nurseries or directly onto seeds. Seventeen root nodule bacteria isolates previously identified as being effective on A. acuminata were used to inoculate five different A. acuminata provenances to test their effectiveness in a containerised nursery environment. Isolates were ranked on their ability to increase seedling growth over an uninoculated control. Based on the results of this trial, five inoculum treatments were prepared with combinations of the most effective isolates. All five treatments produced significantly larger seedlings than the control. Higher total nodule mass had a stronger relationship with seedling growth, than nodule size alone. All isolates were demonstrated to be Bradyrhizobium spp. based on 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. These isolates are a valuable resource to further investigate the impact of efficient N-fixation in A. acuminata on the vigour and heartwood production in WA sandalwood. Greater N-fixation efficiency through a seed or nurseryapplied inoculant may enable the host to survive greater parasitic loading. Thus superior inoculant treatment could improve the supply of nutrients for increased sandalwood growth or reduce host mortality within a plantation and subsequent sandalwood death. 148 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Title Endophytic colonization of sweet potato by a diazotrophic bradyrhizobia Authors Yoshinari Ohwaki 1 and Junko Terakado-Tonooka 1,2 Poster Board Number 34 1 NARO Agricultural Research Centre, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan 2 JSPS Research Fellow, 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan Biological nitrogen fixation has been suggested as a potential source of nitrogen to sweet potato. In the present study, endophytic diazotrophs were isolated from surface-sterilized stems and tubers of field-grown sweet potato and characterized. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belong to the genera of Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas and Paenibacillus. Nitrogen-fixing capacity of the isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of the PCR-amplified fragment of nifH gene and acetylene reduction activity in the semi-solid Rennie medium. The phylogenetic tree based on nifH gene sequences was consistent with 16s rRNA gene phylogeny, and all the isolates exhibited nitrogenase activity. Re-colonization ability of Bradyrhizobium as endophyte was assessed in the laboratory conditions. Further, the influence of nitrogen on the endophytic colonization of the isolate was examined. Internal population of the Bradyrhizobium in surface-sterilized leaves, stems, petioles and roots of sweet potato was in the range of 10 3 to 10 5 CFU per g fresh weight by 24 days after inoculation to the roots. In contrast, none of the uninoculated control plants showed any infection of the bacteria. The amount of nitrogen applied to the media had only a small effect on the internal population of the endophytes in sweet potato. Colonization in the stems after inoculation of the Bradyrhizobium to the roots as assessed by PCR-amplification of the nifH gene fragments was also observed in sunflower, rice, soybean and maize. 149 2011
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INVENTING THE FUTURE IN INOCULANTS
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17 ICNF Organising Committee Graham
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Cottesloe Beach © Tourism Western
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