IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...
IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ... IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Title Characterization of Rhizobia isolates using molecular methods Authors Bakhtiyor Umarov 1,2 , Zair Shakirov 1 , Khojiakbar Yadgarov 2 , Zufarjon Khojiev 2 Poster Board Number 5 1 Institute of Microbiology, Uzbekistan, 2 Institute of Genetics and Experimental Biology of Plants, Uzbekistan The rhizobia/legume root nodule symbiosis is the result of a complex interaction between the host plant and the bacteria. Within the rhizosphere, bacteria have access to carbon and nitrogen sources originating from the plant. In response, rhizobia themselves secrete molecules (Nod factors) that signal to the plant the presence of suitable symbiotic partners. The rhizobia are then able to enter the root in the region of emerging root hairs. Finally, the bacteria are wrapped by a plant-derived membrane and enter the cytosol of plant cells. (DW Ehrhardt, et al 1992) . The bacteria are now referred to as bacteroids and are able to fix molecular nitrogen, which is released into the plant cells. We are isolate new effective strains from nodule plants Onobrycis tr., grow in the Arid zones Central Asia. For the characterize and identify rhizobial strains and to study the diversity of indigenous Rhizobium strains we are used the PCR. PCR can be performed rapidly with strains, species or genus specific primers that generate fingerprint characteristics of each strain. DNA primers corresponding to repetitive sequences that present in multiple copies of the genomes of most Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can be used to fingerprint the genomes of rhizobial strains. Three families of repetitive sequences have been identified, including (REP), (ERIC) and BOX element. The REP-PCR genomic fingerprinting protocols have been successfully used in a wide variety of Eubacteria for typing strains and studying their diversity. We have used this highly discriminative and reproducible technique to study the genetic diversity of rhizobial strains. DW Ehrhardt, EM Atkinson and Long, SR. 1992: Depolarization of alfalfa root hair membrane potential by Rhizobium meliloti Nod factors Science. Vol. 256 no. 5059 pp. 998-1000 ,DOI: 10.1126/science.10744524 120 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Titles The contribution of N-fixing legumes to the productivity of wheat in Mediterranean agriculture systems of Chile. Authors Carlos Ovalle 1 , Alejandro del Pozo 2 & Soledad Espinoza 1 Poster Board Number 6 1 INIA-Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile. In highly intensified cereal farming systems in Chile fertilization is approximately 40% of the production costs, and N represents over 60% of this cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the recovery of N by wheat grown after Lupinus angustifolius, L. luteus, Pisum sativum or two mixtures of annual legumes. As a control we used a oat-wheat rotation without N fertilization. The study was conducted in two contrasting Mediterranean environments: interior dryland ( granitic Alfisol, pH 6.2, organic matter (OM) 1.5%; 650 mm of annual rainfall) and Andes foothill (volcanic Andisol, pH 5.5, OM 13%; 1200 mm of annual rainfall), during 2008 and 2009. The determination of the recovery of N in the cereal was performed by isotope dilution method with 15 N; after sowing the wheat crop. A microplot of 1 m 2 was enriched with the equivalent of 40 kg N ha -1 of (NH4)2SO4 10% enriched 15 N atom excess. In the interior dryland, the yield of wheat ranged 2.4-2.6 ton ha -1 after grain legumes, and 2.3- 2.4 ton ha -1 after annual legume mixtures. The recovery of N by wheat from the N fixed by grain legumes ranged 2.5- 2.9 kg N ha -1 (representing 6- 7.5% of the total N extracted by the wheat) and 2.7 - 2.8 kg N ha -1 (7.5% of total N) in the case of annual legumes . In the Andes foothill, wheat yield ranged 5.5-6.4 ton ha -1 after grain legumes and 6.9-7.4 ton ha -1 after annual legume mixtures.The recovery of N was 1.4 kg N ha -1 from P. sativum and between 3.4 to 4.3 kg N ha -1 in the rotation with annual legumes. With the other grain legumes the N recovery by wheat was not detected. 121 2011
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17 th <strong>International</strong> Congress on <strong>Nitrogen</strong> <strong>Fixation</strong><br />
Fremantle, Western Australia<br />
27 November – 1 December 2011<br />
Titles The contribution of N-fixing legumes to the productivity of wheat in Mediterranean agriculture<br />
systems of Chile.<br />
Authors Carlos Ovalle 1 , Alejandro del Pozo 2 & Soledad Espinoza 1<br />
Poster Board Number 6<br />
1 <strong>IN</strong>IA-Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile.<br />
2 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.<br />
In highly intensified cereal farming systems in Chile fertilization is approximately 40% of the production costs,<br />
and N represents over 60% of this cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the recovery of N by wheat grown<br />
after Lupinus angustifolius, L. luteus, Pisum sativum or two mixtures of annual legumes. As a control we used a<br />
oat-wheat rotation without N fertilization. The study was conducted in two contrasting Mediterranean<br />
environments: interior dryland ( granitic Alfisol, pH 6.2, organic matter (OM) 1.5%; 650 mm of annual rainfall)<br />
and Andes foothill (volcanic Andisol, pH 5.5, OM 13%; 1200 mm of annual rainfall), during 2008 and 2009. The<br />
determination of the recovery of N in the cereal was performed by isotope dilution method with 15 N; after sowing<br />
the wheat crop. A microplot of 1 m 2 was enriched with the equivalent of 40 kg N ha -1 of (NH4)2SO4 10% enriched<br />
15 N atom excess. In the interior dryland, the yield of wheat ranged 2.4-2.6 ton ha -1 after grain legumes, and 2.3-<br />
2.4 ton ha -1 after annual legume mixtures. The recovery of N by wheat from the N fixed by grain legumes ranged<br />
2.5- 2.9 kg N ha -1 (representing 6- 7.5% of the total N extracted by the wheat) and 2.7 - 2.8 kg N ha -1 (7.5% of<br />
total N) in the case of annual legumes . In the Andes foothill, wheat yield ranged 5.5-6.4 ton ha -1 after grain<br />
legumes and 6.9-7.4 ton ha -1 after annual legume mixtures.The recovery of N was 1.4 kg N ha -1 from P. sativum<br />
and between 3.4 to 4.3 kg N ha -1 in the rotation with annual legumes. With the other grain legumes the N<br />
recovery by wheat was not detected.<br />
121<br />
2011
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