IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...

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17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Thursday 1 December 2011 Concurrent Session 18 – P Nutrition & Symbioses 1100 - 1230 Authors: Neera Garg 1 and Harmanjit Kaur 2 Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India Presentation Title: Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and zinc in enhancing nitrogen fixation in pigeon pea under cadmium stress Presentation Time: 1100 – 1120 AM fungi are known to alleviate heavy metal stress in plants (Hildebrandt et al 2007). Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non essential element, whereas Zinc (Zn) is an essential element but regarded toxic at high concentrations. Cd and Zn compete for transport via common carrier at root plasma membrane and Zn interferes with Cd uptake in plants (Hassan et al 2005). The intent of present work was to analyze accumulation of heavy metals (Cd and Zn) in nodules of two Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (pigeonpea) genotypes and their subsequent impact on nitrogen fixation, oxidative stress and non protein thiols (glutathione and phytochelatins) with and without AM fungus. Two levels of Cd (25 and 50 mg kg -1 dry soil) and two levels of Zn (500 and 1000 mg kg -1 dry soil) were applied singly and in combinations to 15 day old seedlings. Accumulation of Cd and Zn resulted in sharp reduction in nodule number (NN), nodule dry mass (NDM) as well as nitrogen fixation {leghemoglobin (LHb) and nitrogenase (N2ase)} of pigeonpea plants, although Cd had more pronounced effects than Zn. Cd induced ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and altered non protein thiols were largely reversed by Zn supplementation, suggesting antagonistic behaviour of Zn. Remarkable genotypic variation was found, with much more severe response of both the metals in P792 than Sel 85N. Glomus mosseae along with Zn further attenuated the phytotoxic effects of metals in nodules by significantly decreasing metal uptake and oxidative stress ultimately leading to better nitrogen-fixation in pigeonpea. Hassan MJ, Zhang G, Wu F, Wei K & Chen Z (2005). Zinc alleviates growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by cadmium in rice J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 168: 255-261. Hildebrandt U, Regvar M & Bothe H (2007). Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Heavy Metal Tolerance. Phytochemistry 68: 139-146. 108 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Thursday 1 December 2011 Concurrent Session 18 – P Nutrition & Symbioses 1100 - 1230 Authors: Andry Andriamananjara 1,2,* , Mahamadou Malam Abdou 3 , Lilia Rabeharisoa 1 , Laurie Amenc 5 , Hélène Vailhe 5 , Dominique Masse 4 , Jean-Jacques Drevon 5 1 LRI-SRA, Laboratoire des Radio-isotopes, Université d'Antananarivo, Route d'Andraisoro, BP 3383, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar ; 2 Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques d’Antananarivo, Madagascar. 3 Laboratoire Banques de gènes CERRA / KOLLO, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN), BP 429 Niamey, NIGER. 4 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier- France . 5 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier-France. Presentation Title: Genotypic variation for N2-fixation in Voandzou (Vigna subterranea) under P deficiency and P sufficiency Presentation Time: 1120 – 1140 Genetic variation associated with N2 fixation exists in numerous legume species (Graham, 2004). High symbiotic N2 fixation under P deficiency is related closely to nodulation which was used in legume selection for N2 fixation (Herridge and Rose, 2000). Until now, study of genetic potential of neglected crops like Vigna subterranea (bambara groundnut or voandzou) is often limited while its agronomic properties is interesting for the farmers of Africa. In order to assess the genotypic variation of voandzou for tolerance to phosphorus deficiency, a physiological approach of cultivar selection was performed with 54 cultivars from Madagascar, Niger and Mali in hydroponic culture under P deficiency and P sufficiency and inoculated with the reference strain of Bradyrhizobium sp. Vigna CB756. The results of nodulation and plant biomass, which are closely related, showed a large dispersion between cultivars (0.05-0.43 g nodule dry weight per plant and 0.50-5.51 g shoot dry weight per plant). The cultivars which presented the maximum growth during the experiment presented a high efficiency in use of the rhizobial symbiosis calculated as the slope of plant biomass regression as a function of nodulation. A large increase in nodulated-root O2 consumption under P deficiency was observed for the two most tolerant cultivars. The microscopic analysis with in situ RT-PCR of the nodule sections showed an increase of a phytase gene expression with tolerance of cultivars to P deficiency. These results highlight the genotypic variability among voandzou cultivars for the phosphorus use efficiency for N2 fixation as a mechanism of adaptation to phosphorus deficiency. Herridge D, Rose I, 2000. Breeding for enhanced nitrogen fixation in crop legumes. Field Crops Research 65. 229-248. Graham PH., Hungria M, Tlusty B., 2004. Breeding for better nitrogen fixation in grain legumes: Where do the rhizobia fit in? On line Crop Management. 109 2011
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