IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...

Recommendations

Info

17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Thursday 1 December 2011 Authors: Concurrent Session 16 – Symbiotic Impacts & Emissions 1100 - 1230 Kiwamu Minamisawa, Manabu Itakura, Shoko Inaba, and Yoko Shiina. Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan Presentation Title: Mechanism of N2O emission from soybean nodule rhizosphere and its mitigation Presentation Time: 1140 – 1200 Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas that also degrades stratosphere ozone. Agricultural land is a major source of N2O through microbial transformation of nitrogen in plant-soil ecosystems. In particular, more N2O is emitted from legumes than that with non-legumes. Marked N2O emission were detected from root systems with degraded nodules during late growth stage in field-grown soybeans. To clarify the mechanism of N2O emission, a model system was developed in laboratory. Thirty-days after soybean plants inoculated with B. japonicum were cultivated in Leonard‟s jars, treatments of shoot decapitation (D) and/or soil addition (S) were conducted to simulate the nodule degradation and subsequent N2O emission. Double treatment (DS) resulted in the degradation and N2O emission from the nodules formed with B. japonicum lacking nosZ. These results suggested that soil microbes are required for the N2O emission from degraded soybean nodules. To evaluate bradyrhizobial contribution, N2O emission was compared between nirK mutant (∆nirK) and wild-type USDA110 under identical nosZ genetic backgrounds. N2O emission from the nodules formed with ∆nirK∆nosZ mutant was significantly lower than that from ∆nosZ mutant under DS treatment, but retained approximately a half amount of N2O emission in ∆nosZ mutant (30-60%), suggesting that nitrate reduction to N2O is due to both B. japonicum and other soil microorganisms. On the other hand, it is likely N2O reduction to N2 was mainly mediated by B. japonicum cells carrying nosZ, which was consistently supported by the comparisons between wild-type USDA110 and nosZ mutants. Thus, B. japonicum plays an important role in determining N2O flux from soybean rhizosphere as well as unknown soil microorganisms. To mitigate N2O emission from soybean rhizosphere, we developed B. japonicum mutants with higher N2OR activity, and inoculated them to field soils where nosZ minus strains of B. japonicum are dominant. As a result, N2O emission from soybean rhizosphere significantly reduced in Leonard‟s jar system. 102 2011
17 th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation Fremantle, Western Australia 27 November – 1 December 2011 Session Details: Thursday 1 December 2011 Concurrent Session 16 – Symbiotic Impacts & Emissions 1100 - 1230 Authors: Tran Yen Thao 1 , David Herridge 2 , Rosalind Deaker 3 , Le Nhu Kieu 4 , Phan Thi Cong 5 1 Research Institute for Oil and Oil Plants, 171-175 Ham Nghi Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2 University of New England, Primary Industries Innovation Centre, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Calala, New South Wales 2340 3 Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Ross St. Building A03, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 4 National Soils and Fertilizers Institute, Dong Ngac Village, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam 5 Institute of Agricultural Science, 121 Nguyen Binh Khiem Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Presentation Title: Change in farmer attitudes and practices in Vietnam in the use of inoculant compared with baseline Presentation Time: 1200 – 1220 The survey was constructed to provide the critical information that could be evaluated against baseline attitudes established from a similar survey carried out at the beginning of the project. It targeted farmers, extension workers as well as local agricultural technicians who are responsible for extending technological advances and innovations at agricultural localities. We conclude from this survey that there has been an increase in farmer awareness of inoculants and their role in legume growth promotion through biological N fixation. Almost all farmers in the final survey knew about inoculants and understood what they do. This was a result of the training and extension programe. Their knowledge mainly came from workshops and demonstrations. This survey also indicated a great interest by farmers and extension officers in future use of legume inoculants for soybean and groundnut in the target areas in Vietnam mostly because of economic reasons and because of their interest and desire to utilise new and novel technologies. The lack of use at the time of the second survey largely reflects lack of availability in the market place. The survey indicated that legume inoculants would be adopted readily in Vietnam provided they were accessible and easy to apply. Increasing production and supply of high quality legume inoculants in Vietnam, coupled with an effective extension program, should result in high adoption of inoculants. The further extension program would still need to emphasise the replacement of fertiliser N inputs, which represent a substantial part of the cost of growing these crops. The whole package should lead to increased farmer incomes and the relieving of poverty in many agricultural areas. 103 2011
Page 1 and 2:
PrinciPal SPonSor: SPonSorS: Progra
Page 3 and 4:
INVENTING THE FUTURE IN INOCULANTS
Page 5 and 6:
17 ICNF Organising Committee Graham
Page 7 and 8:
Cottesloe Beach © Tourism Western
Page 9 and 10:
GeNeRAl INfoRmATIoN aTM’s Automat
Page 11 and 12:
16:30 - 16:50 Felix Dakora Tshwane
Page 14 and 15:
Thursday 1 December 2011 08:00 - 12
Page 16 and 17:
17 th International Congress on Nit
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53: 17 th International Congress on Nit
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
show all

IN INOCULANTS Nodulaid - 17th International Nitrogen Fixation ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?