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4 June <strong>2024</strong> June <strong>2024</strong><br />
5<br />
<strong>Read</strong> <strong>On</strong><br />
<strong>Read</strong> <strong>On</strong><br />
America’s East Coast<br />
Greenway<br />
A wooden bridge on the Greenway in Virginia. | Photo: Getty Images<br />
TOURISM • PARKS • SUSTAINABILITY<br />
Stretching along the eastern coast of the United States, the new park hopes<br />
to get Americans out of their cars and onto their bikes (or feet!).<br />
crossword puzzle: America’s East Coast Greenway 1 2<br />
All the answers for this crossword can be found in the article on this page.<br />
Put the letters in the orange boxes in the correct order to find the answer below.<br />
Answers on page 8.<br />
Across<br />
mit Audiodatei und<br />
American English<br />
By Jessica Stuart<br />
1 THE EAST COAST Greenway<br />
is a walking and biking route<br />
that goes from Calais, Maine,<br />
3 A big road that joins towns<br />
and/or cities together<br />
6 A way between places<br />
7 An organisation which does<br />
not have the goal of making<br />
money<br />
10 A city in Pennsylvania<br />
11 The land next to or close to<br />
the ocean<br />
12 See 9 Down<br />
14 The opposite of south<br />
15 The quality of being able to<br />
last over a longer period of<br />
time<br />
Down<br />
Übungsmaterial<br />
0 – 1 GREENWAY Grünzug — sustainability “s´ÆsteIn´"bIl´ti‘<br />
Nachhaltigkeit — to stretch along … sich entlang … erstrecken<br />
— walking and biking route “ru…t‘ Wander- und Radweg —<br />
1,050 miles ca. 1690 km — 3,000 miles ca. 4828 km — impact<br />
“"--‘ Effekt — community Gemeinde<br />
2 linear “"lini´‘ linear angelegt, länglich — to be made up of<br />
s.th. aus etw. bestehen — trail Weg — to get around sich fortbewegen<br />
— sustainably “s´"steIn´bli‘ nachhaltig — highway Autobahn<br />
— to be separated from s.th. “"sep´reItId‘ von etw. getrennt<br />
sein<br />
3 to be around bestehen — alliance “´"laI´ns‘ Bündnis —<br />
1 1.6 km<br />
2 Buildings where people live<br />
4 The opposite of north<br />
5 A place in West Virginia<br />
8 A city in Maine<br />
9 (Together with 12 Across) A city in<br />
Florida<br />
10 A large area of land, usually with<br />
grass and trees<br />
13 A path through a countryside,<br />
mountain, or forest area<br />
The Greenway is for biking and —— —— —— —— —— —— ——<br />
in the north of the U.S., to Key<br />
West, Florida, in the south. While<br />
the route is not yet complete –<br />
only 1,050 miles of the planned<br />
3,000 are there – the Greenway<br />
is already having a positive impact<br />
on the communities it passes<br />
through.<br />
2 The Greenway is a linear park,<br />
which means that it’s much longer<br />
than it is wide. It’s made up of<br />
trails that will one day connect<br />
nonprofit “-"--‘ gemeinnützige Organisation — to be in charge<br />
of s.th. für etw. verantwortlich sein — to found s.th. etw. gründen<br />
— bicycling “"baIsIklIN‘ Fahrradfahren; s.w.u. Fahrrad- — to<br />
benefit s.th. “"benIfIt‘ etw. zugutekommen<br />
4 – 5 co-founder Mitbegründer(in) — huge “hju…dZ‘ riesig —<br />
struggle “"strøg´l‘ Kampf — transportation official “ÆtrœnspO…<br />
"teIS´n; ´"fIS´l‘ Verkehrsverantwortliche(r) — to be negative toward<br />
s.th. etw. gegenüber negativ eingestellt sein — even<br />
though “D´U‘ obwohl — to keep going weitermachen — resident<br />
“"rezId´nt‘ Bewohner(in), Einwohner(in)<br />
6 – 7 survey “"s‰…veI‘ Umfrage — Virginia “v´"dZInj´‘ — study<br />
6<br />
10<br />
3<br />
4 5<br />
8 9<br />
7<br />
11<br />
12 13<br />
15<br />
450 cities in 15 states, giving the<br />
people there an easy way to enjoy<br />
nature, stay healthy, and get<br />
around more sustainably. Cars<br />
are not allowed; the Greenway<br />
is not a highway and is separated<br />
from all car traffic.<br />
3 The idea for the Greenway<br />
has been around since 1991. That<br />
was the year that the East Coast<br />
Greenway Alliance, the nonprofit<br />
in charge of the route, was founded.<br />
Eight people got together<br />
then to turn their love for bicycling<br />
into something that could<br />
benefit a big part of the country.<br />
It wasn’t easy to do.<br />
4 Karen Votava, the co-founder<br />
of the Alliance, says on the organization’s<br />
website that getting<br />
people interested in bike routes<br />
was a “huge struggle” in the<br />
1990s. Transportation officials<br />
were “very negative toward bicycles,”<br />
she says, and other bicycling<br />
organizations didn’t want<br />
to build protected paths for bikes.<br />
They just wanted bikes and cars<br />
to share the same space.<br />
5 Even though it was hard, the<br />
Alliance kept going. It’s lucky for<br />
East Coast residents that it did,<br />
because a lot of good things come<br />
with a greenway.<br />
6 In an early 2000s survey of<br />
residents of Morgantown, West<br />
Virginia, 60 percent of them said<br />
they exercised more when using<br />
the city’s trails. A 2019 study<br />
also showed that separated bike<br />
lanes, like those on the Greenway,<br />
help reduce traffic injuries<br />
for everyone on the road. That’s<br />
great for public health, especially<br />
when you consider that there are<br />
50 million visits to the Greenway<br />
each year.<br />
7 It’s not just people that benefit<br />
from the Greenway. Nature<br />
benefits, too. When Philadelphia,<br />
Pennsylvania, got a trail that connected<br />
it to the Greenway, an area<br />
that was once full of trash became<br />
what the Alliance calls a “refuge.”<br />
The trash was removed, and trees<br />
and plants have been planted<br />
along one of the city’s rivers.<br />
8 There are, however, some<br />
negatives. When a city gets a<br />
greenway or park, housing prices<br />
in the area sometimes increase.<br />
Green spaces are attractive, and<br />
people want to live next to them.<br />
9 This allows landlords and developers<br />
to charge higher prices,<br />
knowing that there will be people<br />
willing to pay them. The people<br />
who already live in the area and<br />
can’t afford those prices often<br />
have to find homes elsewhere.<br />
10 Another problem: building<br />
a greenway costs a lot of money.<br />
Land is expensive, and the East<br />
Coast Greenway needs a lot of<br />
it. According to the East Coast<br />
Greenway Alliance, building the<br />
rest of the trail will cost around<br />
$4 billion.<br />
Studie — bike lane Radweg — traffic injury “"IndZ´ri‘ Verletzung<br />
durch einen Verkehrsunfall — public health öffentl. Gesundheit<br />
— to consider “k´n"sId´‘ bedenken — to benefit from s.th. von<br />
etw. profitieren — trash Müll — refuge “"refju…dZ‘ Schutzgebiet<br />
8 – 10 negative negativer Aspekt — housing prices Immobilienpreise<br />
— to increase “In"kri…s‘ steigen — green space Grünanlage<br />
— landlord Vermieter — developer Bauunternehmer(in) — to<br />
be willing to do s.th. bereit sein, etw. zu tun — elsewhere “-"-‘<br />
anderswo — billion Milliarde<br />
14<br />
Bird flu could<br />
reach New Zealand<br />
WILDLIFE If the contagious disease reached New Zealand, it could<br />
have terrible consequences for the country’s unique birds.<br />
By Franziska Lange<br />
1 SINCE 2021,millions of<br />
birds around the world have<br />
been killed by avian influenza,<br />
often called bird flu. Bird flu is a<br />
disease caused by avian influenza<br />
viruses, and the current strain of<br />
the virus, H5N1, is especially contagious.<br />
It spreads quickly across<br />
continents through migratory<br />
birds, especially water birds.<br />
2 <strong>On</strong>ly one region has not had<br />
any cases of bird flu yet, and<br />
that’s Oceania, which is made up<br />
of Australia, New Zealand, and<br />
the Pacific Islands.<br />
3 But now there have been<br />
cases of bird flu in Antarctica,<br />
and that has scientists in New<br />
Zealand worried. It could mean<br />
that the disease is coming closer<br />
to New Zealand.<br />
4 Professor Jemma Geoghegan,<br />
a virologist at the University of<br />
Otago, told Radio New Zealand<br />
it’s only a matter of time before<br />
the virus arrives on the islands.<br />
When it does, she said, “it could<br />
be catastrophic for many of the<br />
species that are sort of already<br />
tinkering on the brink of extinction”.<br />
5 New Zealand has many bird<br />
species that are found nowhere<br />
else on the planet, and many of<br />
them are endangered, like the<br />
tara iti, or<br />
fairy tern,<br />
for example,<br />
Fairy tern.<br />
| Photo: Wikimedia Commons<br />
Photo: Getty Images<br />
|<br />
of which there are only 40 birds<br />
left. Bird flu could wipe out the<br />
whole species.<br />
6 At the moment, Bio security<br />
New Zealand, a branch of the<br />
Ministry for Primary Industries<br />
(MPI) that responds to new diseases<br />
arriving in New Zealand,<br />
says the risk of bird flu coming<br />
to New Zealand is low. That’s<br />
because New Zealand has good<br />
border biosecurity and because<br />
other land masses are far away.<br />
7 The MPI, however, still warns<br />
there is a risk that H5N1 could<br />
arrive in New Zealand through<br />
migratory birds, infected people<br />
or contaminated items. The virus<br />
has also spread to marine mammals,<br />
which increases the risk of<br />
its being carried to New Zealand.<br />
Even with strong border biosecurity,<br />
smuggling of birds could<br />
be a problem as well.<br />
8 That’s why scientists and<br />
authorities in New Zealand<br />
are watching the<br />
global situation. Because<br />
it will be difficult to control<br />
H5N1 once it’s there,<br />
the focus is on surveillance<br />
and early detection.<br />
9 As part of the Te Niwha research<br />
project, scientists are collecting<br />
environmental samples<br />
to understand how and where<br />
bird flu could affect New Zealand.<br />
They’re developing an environmental<br />
DNA detection tool<br />
that can be used to discover signs<br />
of infection early on.<br />
10 Authorities are working on<br />
plans to reduce the spread of the<br />
disease and the risk to endangered<br />
species when it arrives in<br />
New Zealand. The MPI has approved<br />
a test trial for a bird flu<br />
vaccine on five endangered bird<br />
species. People have also been<br />
asked to inform the MPI if they<br />
see three or more dead or dying<br />
birds or marine mammals.<br />
11 According to the Department<br />
of Conservation, the best way to<br />
protect New Zealand’s birds is<br />
to make sure there are strong,<br />
healthy populations in lots of<br />
different places. This means<br />
breeding and predator control<br />
programmes need to be continued<br />
or even increased.<br />
12 Sooner or later, however,<br />
bird flu will find its way to New<br />
Zealand. Mary van Andel, the<br />
MPI’s chief veterinary officer,<br />
said the disease can’t be stopped.<br />
She added, “But we can work together<br />
to make it less bad.”<br />
0 BIRD FLU Vogelgrippe — contagious “k´n"teIdZ´s‘<br />
ansteckend — consequence “"kÅnsIkw´ns‘ — unique<br />
“ju…"ni…k‘ einzigartig<br />
1 – 3 avian influenza “"eIvi´n; ÆInflu"enz´‘ — to cause<br />
s.th. “kO…z‘ etw. verursachen — current “"kør´nt‘ gegenwärtig<br />
— strain Erregerstamm — to spread “spred‘ sich<br />
ausbreiten — migratory bird “"maIgr´t´ri‘ Zugvogel —<br />
Oceania “´USi"A…ni´‘ — to be made up of ... sich aus … zusammensetzen<br />
4 Geoghegan “"geIg´n‘ — virologist “vaI´"rÅl´dZIst‘<br />
Virologe(-in) — a matter of time eine Frage der Zeit —<br />
catastrophic “Ækœt´"strÅfIk‘ — species “"spi…Si…z‘ Spezies; Art<br />
— sort of irgendwie — to tinker (fig) vor sich hin vegetieren<br />
— brink Rand — extinction “Ik"stINkS´n‘ Aussterben<br />
5 – 6 endangered “In"deIndZ´d‘ bedroht — tara iti/fairy<br />
tern “"fe´ri Æt‰…n‘ Australseeschwalbe — to wipe s.th. out<br />
etw. auslöschen — biosecurity “ÆbaI´UsI"kjU´r´ti‘ Biosicherheit<br />
— branch Abteilung — ministry Ministerium<br />
— primary industry “"praIm´ri‘ Primärindustrie — to respond<br />
to s.th. “rI"spÅnd‘ auf etw. reagieren — risk Risiko<br />
— border … … an den Landesgrenzen<br />
7 – 8 contaminated “k´n"tœmIneItId‘ kontaminiert —<br />
marine mammal “m´"ri…n; "mœm´l‘ Meeressäuger — to<br />
increase s.th. “in"kri…s‘ etw. erhöhen; s.w.u. ausbauen —<br />
to carry s.th. to … h.: etw. nach … einschleppen —<br />
smuggling Schmuggel — authority “O…"TÅr´ti‘ Behörde<br />
— surveillance “s´"veIl´ns‘ Überwachung — early detection<br />
“dI"tekS´n‘ Früherkennung<br />
9 – 10 environmental sample “InÆvaIr´"ment´l‘ Umweltprobe<br />
— to affect s.th. “´"fekt‘ etw. treffen — detection<br />
tool Erkennungstechnologie — spread Ausbreitung — to<br />
approve s.th. “´"pru…v‘ etw. genehmigen — test trial<br />
“"traI´l‘ Probelauf — vaccine “"vœksIn‘ Impfstoff<br />
11 – 12 Department of Conservation “dI"pA…tm´nt;<br />
ÆkÅns´"veIS´n‘ Umweltschutzministerium — population<br />
“ÆpÅpj´"leIS´n‘ Bestand — breeding Brut(-) — predator<br />
“"pred´t´‘ Raubtier(-) — chief veterinary officer “tSi…f;<br />
"vet´rIn´ri‘ Leiter(in) des Veterinäramts<br />
question time<br />
What is a hongi?<br />
mit Audiodatei<br />
By Franziska Lange<br />
1 TO GREET<br />
someone, people in<br />
New Zealand sometimes<br />
touch their<br />
nose to the other<br />
person’s nose. This<br />
greeting is called hongi, and<br />
it’s a traditional Māori practice.<br />
The hongi is a way of showing<br />
respect and establishing a connection<br />
with another person.<br />
2 For the Māori, the hongi has<br />
a lot of significance because of its<br />
important place in their mythology.<br />
According to Māori legend,<br />
the god Tāne formed the first<br />
woman from the earth. He then<br />
touched his nose to hers and<br />
breathed into her nostrils, making<br />
her come to life.<br />
3 Angus Macfarlane, a professor<br />
of Māori research at the<br />
University of Canterbury, said,<br />
“Tāne is considered the progenitor<br />
of Te Ao Māori (the Māori<br />
world), and that is where the<br />
breath of life came from.”<br />
4 To this day, the Māori share<br />
this breath of life when they<br />
greet each other in a hongi. For<br />
them, the greeting is important<br />
on a spiritual level: “My wairua<br />
(spiritual self) greets yours”, as<br />
Father Henare Tate describes<br />
it in an article for New Zealand<br />
Geographic.<br />
5 The typical way to hongi<br />
someone is to take the other person’s<br />
hand, as in a handshake,<br />
lean forward, and softly press<br />
your noses together. You can put<br />
your left hand on the other person’s<br />
shoulder while doing the<br />
hongi.<br />
6 But different tribes, or iwi,<br />
have different ways of doing<br />
the hongi. Some iwi touch the<br />
Sean Wainui and Bryn<br />
Hall hongi at a rugby game<br />
in New Zealand.<br />
| Photo: Getty Images<br />
other person’s nose two or even<br />
three times. Others also touch<br />
foreheads during a hongi. This<br />
is thought to add another<br />
level to the greeting because<br />
the head is where<br />
our thoughts are. A hongi<br />
with foreheads touching<br />
means that two spirits<br />
metaphorically exchange not<br />
only breath but also knowledge,<br />
Professor Te Hurinui Clarke, of<br />
the University of Canterbury’s<br />
College of Education, explains.<br />
7 In the book Tikanga: Living<br />
with the traditions of Te Ao<br />
Māori, which he wrote together<br />
with his wife Kaiora, Francis Tipene<br />
describes it like this: “We<br />
have shared a breath through the<br />
nose. We have shared thoughts.<br />
It’s all symbolic and it’s a beautiful<br />
way to connect with one another.”<br />
8 That connection can be made<br />
in both formal and informal<br />
situations. Although the hongi<br />
remains an important part of<br />
traditional Māori gatherings,<br />
Clarke said the hongi has also<br />
always been an everyday greeting<br />
in Māori communities. “If<br />
you haven’t seen someone for a<br />
long time and run into them at<br />
the bank or the doctor’s or a café,<br />
you give them a hongi”, as Kaiora<br />
Tipene writes in Tikanga.<br />
9 Non-Māori sometimes also<br />
greet each other this way, especially<br />
during formal occasions.<br />
Jacinda Ardern, the former prime<br />
minister of New Zealand, often<br />
greeted visitors, including Prince<br />
William, with a hongi. And when<br />
you’re taking part in Māori ceremonies,<br />
you can also expect to be<br />
greeted with a hongi, which is an<br />
honour because it means<br />
you’re no longer just a<br />
visitor.<br />
0 – 2 PRACTICE Praktik; Brauch — to establish a connection with s.o.<br />
“I"stœblIS; k´"nekS´n‘ eine Verbindung zu jdm. aufbauen — significance<br />
“ÆsIg"nIfIk´ns‘ Bedeutung — mythology “mI"TÅl´dZi‘ — to breathe “bri…D‘ atmen<br />
— nostril Nasenloch — to come to life zum Leben erwachen<br />
3 – 5 research “rI"s‰…tS‘ Forschung — to be considered … “k´n"sId´d‘ als …<br />
angesehen werden — progenitor “pr´U"dZenIt´‘ Vater; Schöpfer — breath of<br />
life “breT‘ Atemhauch des Lebens — spiritual “"spIrItSu´l‘ spirituell — (the)<br />
self das Selbst; das Ich — geographic “ÆdZi´"grœfIk‘ — to lean forward sich<br />
nach vorne neigen<br />
6 – 7 tribe Stamm — forehead “"fÅrId‘ Stirn — s.th. is thought to do … von<br />
etw. wird geglaubt, es würde … — spirit Geist — metaphorically “Æmet´"fO…<br />
rIk´li‘ metaphorisch, im übertragenen Sinne — to exchange s.th. “Iks"tSeIndZ‘<br />
etw. austauschen — knowledge “"nÅlIdZ‘ Wissen — to connect with s.o.<br />
“k´"nekt‘ zu jdm. eine Verbindung aufbauen<br />
8 – 9 gathering “"gœD´rIN‘ Zusammenkunft — everyday im Alltag gebräuchlich<br />
— community “k´m"ju…n´ti‘ Gemeinde — to run into s.o. zufällig jdn.<br />
treffen — occasion “´"keIZ´n‘ Anlass — honour “"Ån´‘ Ehre