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East Coast Shellfish Growers Association June 2024 Newsletter

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<strong>East</strong> <strong>Coast</strong> <strong>Shellfish</strong> <strong>Growers</strong> <strong>Association</strong><br />

The <strong>East</strong> <strong>Coast</strong> <strong>Shellfish</strong><br />

<strong>Growers</strong> <strong>Association</strong> represents<br />

nearly 2,000 shellfish<br />

farmers from Maine to<br />

Florida and the Gulf states.<br />

These proud stewards of the<br />

marine environment produce<br />

sustainable, farmed shellfish<br />

while providing thousands of<br />

jobs in rural coastal towns.<br />

The ECSGA informs policy<br />

makers and regulators to<br />

protect a way of life.<br />

111 Myrtle St.<br />

New Bedford, MA 02740<br />

admin@ecsga.org<br />

Executive Director<br />

Bob Rheault<br />

(401) 783-3360<br />

bob@ecsga.org<br />

President<br />

Jeff Auger<br />

Vice-President<br />

Chris Matteo<br />

Secretary<br />

Alex Hay<br />

Treasurer<br />

Ben Lloyd<br />

Connecticut ..... .Brian Yarmosh<br />

Delaware ......... .Mark Casey<br />

Florida .........Adrianne Johnson<br />

Gulf <strong>Coast</strong> ........ .Terry Boyd<br />

Maine ............... .Dan Devereaux<br />

Maryland ......... . Tal Petty<br />

Massachusetts ..Mark Begley<br />

New Hampshire . Brian Gennaco<br />

New Jersey ...... .Bill Avery<br />

New York ............Matt Ketcham<br />

N. Carolina . Katherine McGlade<br />

Rhode Island .... . Matt Griffin<br />

South Carolina .Trey McMillian<br />

Virginia ............ .Chad Ballard<br />

Equipment Dealer<br />

Heather Ketcham<br />

<strong>Shellfish</strong> Dealer<br />

Chris Sherman<br />

Ex Officio<br />

Gef Flimlin, Ed Rhodes,<br />

Leslie Sturmer<br />

Editor: Ann Kane Rheault<br />

From the President<br />

Warmer Days Ahead<br />

President<br />

Jeff Auger<br />

Spring has sprung! It’s the<br />

best time of year to be on a<br />

farm, with food in the water<br />

and growth on our shellfish.<br />

Every year I look forward to<br />

the signs we see all up and<br />

down the coast, confirming<br />

that we are heading into the<br />

months of sandals and shorts.<br />

Worm hatches, baitfish in<br />

the water and osprey in the<br />

air are signs that waters are<br />

warming and the growing<br />

season will soon begin.<br />

Unfortunately, ocean temperatures continue on<br />

their upward climb over historical levels and warmer<br />

waters are now the new normal. Working on the<br />

water and being so connected to our ecosystems<br />

gives us a first-hand look at how those ecosystems<br />

have been changing. In Maine we are seeing black<br />

sea bass in the river and blue crabs on the flats. It<br />

also looks as if we are headed for a warmer summer<br />

in <strong>2024</strong>: NOAA just released their official summer<br />

forecast (July, August and September) predicting<br />

above-average temperatures for the Northeast.<br />

Hot summers are great for vacations, but they can<br />

have adverse effects on shellfish farms. I want to<br />

Birds on Gear Still a Pressing Issue<br />

by Robert Rheault,<br />

ECSGA Executive Director<br />

Over the past 20 years we have<br />

seen a proliferation of floating<br />

gear types for oyster culture.<br />

With its clear advantages in<br />

terms of better shellfish survival,<br />

improved product quality and<br />

ease of maintenance, floating<br />

gear is a game-changer.<br />

The downside is that birds like<br />

to perch on the gear, and when<br />

they fly off they invariably leave<br />

a little something behind. In<br />

2015 authorities in New York<br />

took water samples around<br />

floating gear deployed next to a<br />

bird sanctuary and found eyepopping<br />

coliform levels, forcing<br />

them to close the harvest area.<br />

When the Interstate <strong>Shellfish</strong><br />

Sanitation Conference (ISSC)<br />

revised the Aquaculture Chapter<br />

of the National <strong>Shellfish</strong><br />

Sanitation Program (NSSP)<br />

in 2019, the Food and Drug<br />

Administration (FDA) insisted<br />

on addressing the issue. The new<br />

NSSP language mandates that<br />

if your gear may attract birds<br />

or mammals, you must have an<br />

operational plan describing the<br />

measures you will use to deter<br />

them, so that water quality and<br />

shellfish sanitation are protected.<br />

In 2021 eight oyster consumers<br />

in Rhode Island ended up in the<br />

hospital with Campylobacter<br />

illnesses traced to cormorants on<br />

floating gear. This really caught<br />

the attention of regulators!<br />

States reacted in a variety of<br />

ways, and growers scrambled to<br />

try anything that might deter the<br />

birds from landing on their gear.<br />

Naturally, some approaches<br />

are more effective than others,<br />

and birds tend to acclimate to<br />

various tactics so growers are<br />

forced to mix it up and usually<br />

need a number of tools in their<br />

deterrence toolboxes. The aquaculture<br />

committee of the ISSC<br />

was able to develop guidance<br />

for state regulators, allowing<br />

them to consider growing-area<br />

conditions such as tidal current,<br />

remind all shellfish growers to monitor, follow and<br />

help police their local health and sanitation rules,<br />

especially state Vibrio regulations. Keep your shellfish<br />

cold! Our website has some great information<br />

on Vibrio risks and effects 1 , and also on what you<br />

have to do to ensure you’re sending safe shellfish<br />

into the market.<br />

Warmer temperatures also can lead to stronger<br />

and more intense storms. Currently we are seeing<br />

record-breaking temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico<br />

and the Atlantic, which has led NOAA to predict<br />

an above-average hurricane season for <strong>2024</strong>. We<br />

all have seen the devastating impacts these storms<br />

can have, and the ECSGA has useful guidance to<br />

help growers prepare for hurricanes and storms in<br />

our 2023 Best Practices Manual 2 (and especially for<br />

floating gear 3 ). It’s worth taking a look to refresh<br />

your memory and get ahead of the curve well before<br />

bad weather hits.<br />

I hope you all enjoy the upcoming warm months.<br />

Just remember to keep your product cold, your farm<br />

prepared and your crew hydrated (with water, of<br />

course)!<br />

Hyperlinks<br />

1. ecsga.org/vibrio-resources<br />

2. ecsga.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ECSGA-<br />

BPs.pdf#page=26<br />

3. ecsga.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ECSGA-<br />

BPs.pdf#page=36<br />

MARTINA MULLER/UNIV. OF R.I.<br />

Floating gear has been a boon to<br />

aquaculture, but birds like to perch<br />

(and poop) on it. To protect water<br />

quality and shellfish sanitation, new<br />

regulatory language mandates that<br />

if your gear may attract birds or<br />

mammals, you need an operational<br />

plan describing the measures you’re<br />

taking to deter them.<br />

seasonal prevalence and re-submergence<br />

to purge oysters that<br />

may have been exposed to bird<br />

guano. This guidance should be<br />

—Continued on page 19<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 1


Member Profile:<br />

Ben Lloyd, Pangea <strong>Shellfish</strong> and<br />

Standish Shore Oysters<br />

by Robert Rheault,<br />

ECSGA Executive Director<br />

It was a treat to catch up with<br />

Ben Lloyd recently and to hear<br />

about how his shellfish dealer<br />

business in Boston’s Seaport<br />

District has been doing. Ben<br />

and I go way back to when he<br />

worked on my farm while he<br />

was a student at the University<br />

of Rhode Island. After graduating<br />

in 1998, Ben left Rhode<br />

Island and started working for a<br />

Boston area seafood wholesaler,<br />

where he learned the ropes of<br />

buying and selling seafood to<br />

area restaurants. He remembers<br />

that at the time, “you could feel<br />

the oyster industry starting to<br />

blossom. More farms were being<br />

permitted and the restaurant<br />

industry was demanding a larger<br />

variety of high-quality oysters.”<br />

In 2001 Ben founded Pangea<br />

<strong>Shellfish</strong> Company, where he<br />

was one of my best customers<br />

for many years until I sold the<br />

farm. He recalls that he saw an<br />

opening to focus on what he<br />

knew best, setting out to become,<br />

“the best Boston-based<br />

shellfish wholesaler [specializing]<br />

in providing high-quality<br />

oysters from all over the U.S.<br />

and Canada. That’s us in a<br />

nutshell.”<br />

Through the years Ben and I<br />

have been able to check in with<br />

each other briefly when I visited<br />

his well-stocked booth at<br />

the Boston Seafood Show. But<br />

with all the distractions at the<br />

shows, we never were able have<br />

in-depth conversations about the<br />

business. That all changed earlier<br />

this year when Ben stepped<br />

up to become the ECSGA’s new<br />

treasurer. His laid-back affect<br />

and cheery disposition belie the<br />

huge number of irons he has<br />

in the fire, so I was pleasantly<br />

surprised that he agreed to take<br />

on the role.<br />

In addition to overseeing the<br />

ever-growing dealer operation<br />

in Boston, Ben has been running<br />

Standish Shore Oysters in<br />

Duxbury, Massachusetts, for the<br />

past 15 years, and is a partner<br />

in Blish Point Oyster Farm in<br />

Barnstable. Managing 32 fulltime<br />

and a dozen part-time employees<br />

while raising three kids<br />

and two Saint Bernards keeps<br />

him busy.<br />

Pangea focuses almost exclusively<br />

on shellfish (with some<br />

urchin and crab thrown in),<br />

and Ben estimates that oysters<br />

account for about 75% of<br />

the business. His approach to<br />

marketing is uniquely effective:<br />

while many dealers simply show<br />

a price list, Ben goes to great<br />

lengths to describe each of the<br />

104 varieties he sells, taking the<br />

time to educate consumers on<br />

“Oysterology ® ,” with elaborate<br />

descriptions of flavor, culture<br />

methods, and even details about<br />

the growers and their stories.<br />

Nevertheless, Ben says he<br />

doesn’t really need to do much<br />

marketing. “After 23 years in the<br />

business, we have developed a<br />

good reputation and now we can<br />

rely mostly on word-of-mouth<br />

references. We display most<br />

years at the Boston Seafood<br />

Show [Seafood Expo North<br />

America], which is a great way<br />

Made in Brunswick, Maine<br />

info@topmeproducts.com<br />

www.topmeproducts.com<br />

KATHY RHODES/AQUATECNICS<br />

ECSGA Treasurer and Pangea<br />

<strong>Shellfish</strong> owner Ben Lloyd (R) and<br />

account manager Charlie Canty<br />

preside over an impressive display<br />

of shellfish at the Seafood Expo<br />

North America held in Boston in<br />

March. Pangea’s marketing approach<br />

relies on educating consumers<br />

about “Oysterology,” with detailed<br />

descriptions of flavor, culture<br />

methods and growers’ stories.<br />

to reach a larger market. We are<br />

also on social media, but admittedly,<br />

we are usually too busy to<br />

keep up with it,” he said.<br />

For Ben, the best part of the<br />

job is dealing with great people.<br />

“<strong>Shellfish</strong> growers tend to be<br />

very humble and down to earth.<br />

I think growing oysters can do<br />

that to you!” He can’t imagine<br />

himself working in a different<br />

industry, and points out that,<br />

“growers have to work with<br />

Mother Nature and she is always<br />

giving them challenges. Storms,<br />

rainfall closures, ice and heat are<br />

always throwing wrenches in<br />

the supply chain, so matching<br />

supply and demand is a constant<br />

balancing act.”<br />

Ben was one of the early adopters<br />

in building a wet-storage<br />

system to help modulate supply<br />

and demand. He noted that wet<br />

storage is key to keeping mussels<br />

and West <strong>Coast</strong> oysters in<br />

prime condition for customers.<br />

Although he says that Pangea’s<br />

prime mission is to “keep fighting<br />

the battle each day to provide<br />

the best oysters in Boston,”<br />

the team works constantly to<br />

expand the variety of products<br />

on offer to keep things fresh for<br />

customers. “Our motto is: The<br />

oyster is our World, and we are<br />

always looking for new highquality<br />

oysters and shellfish,”<br />

Ben said.<br />

—Continued on page 6<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 2 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>


ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 3


Platipus driven-plate<br />

anchors are being<br />

used more and more<br />

with floating gear.<br />

New Product Spotlight:<br />

Platipus Anchors<br />

by Robert Rheault,<br />

ECSGA Executive Director<br />

Since so many growers are<br />

singing the praises of Platipus<br />

anchors, I thought we should<br />

help spread the word. The Platipus<br />

is a small, percussive-driven,<br />

tipping-plate, earth-anchor<br />

system that has been gaining in<br />

popularity with growers who use<br />

floating gear. Applying Platipus<br />

anchors to floating oyster gear<br />

was pioneered by Frank Milchuck,<br />

who founded Platipus<br />

Anchors in 2003 in Raleigh,<br />

North Carolina. He started out<br />

installing anchors to stabilize<br />

retaining walls, trees and slopes<br />

prone to landslides, and then<br />

pivoted to manufacturing and<br />

sales. His crew of 25 employees<br />

manufactures anchor assemblies<br />

that are tailored to each customer’s<br />

needs, so you can order from<br />

a wide variety of anchor sizes<br />

and stainless-steel lead lengths<br />

that will work for your site.<br />

The anchors are relatively easy<br />

to install using a small, fourstroke,<br />

portable pile driver or<br />

standard hydraulic or pneumatic<br />

jack hammer to drive the unit<br />

into the sand/shell layer. Frank<br />

recommends driving the anchors<br />

at least 5-8 feet into the hard,<br />

compacted sand/shell layer that<br />

is typically covered by a layer<br />

of thin, soft mud. The key to<br />

proper installation is anchoring<br />

your boat or barge with multiple<br />

anchors (or spuds) so you can<br />

remain stationary and drive<br />

the anchor in vertically. As the<br />

anchor is driven into the bottom,<br />

the operator adds sections of<br />

2- to 4-foot drive rods to extend<br />

DAVE RYAN/CAPE COD OYSTER<br />

Dave Ryan of Cape Cod Oyster<br />

Company uses around 60 Platipus<br />

anchors to hold a 4,600-unit Flip<br />

Farm array on his 2-acre lease in<br />

Waquoit Bay on Cape Cod. He was<br />

pleased to see that the anchors held<br />

this past winter, even though he rigs<br />

his lines very tightly and experienced<br />

a number of “insanely high tides”<br />

that dragged several units at each<br />

end of the line underwater.<br />

ANCHORING SOLUTIONS FOR OYSTER FARMING<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

FLOATING BAG & CAGE SYSTEMS<br />

WHY USE PLATIPUS ANCHORS:<br />

• Fast and easily installed from a boat or shallow water<br />

• Can be installed using hand-held tools<br />

• Once installed the anchor is post-tensioned and immediately serviceable<br />

• On-site technical and installation support as needed<br />

• Anchor assemblies made in Raleigh, NC USA<br />

Page 4 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

T: (919) 662-0991 E: CIVILS@PLATIPUS.US<br />

W: WWW.PLATIPUS.US<br />

the depth. Frank says the system<br />

can be used to drive anchors in<br />

waters up to 20 feet deep. While<br />

the anchor itself is relatively<br />

small, the holding strength is<br />

determined by the weight of the<br />

cone of sediment above the anchor<br />

that would need to be lifted<br />

to allow the anchor to be pulled<br />

out. Similar to an auger anchor,<br />

you would typically need to<br />

jet the anchor out with a water<br />

pump if you wanted to retrieve<br />

it or reposition it.<br />

The anchors cost between $40<br />

and $100, depending on the size<br />

and the specifications for the<br />

stainless cable attachment “tendon,”<br />

while the four-stroke pile<br />

driver can be purchased for under<br />

$1,000 or even rented if you<br />

only need to install a few. The<br />

chief advantages of the Platipus<br />

system over helix anchors are<br />

the speed and ease of installation.<br />

Of course, each anchor<br />

system requires proper engineering<br />

and installation to be effective,<br />

and several folks I spoke to<br />

emphasized the importance of a<br />

vertical installation.<br />

—Continued on page 8


ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 5


—Continued from page 2<br />

Pangea <strong>Shellfish</strong> Co.<br />

His advice for new growers trying to break<br />

into the market: “Don’t get too stuck in<br />

your methods. Things change from year<br />

to year and it’s always good to experiment<br />

with techniques and new gear. Try to have a<br />

consistent supply. It’s tempting to run out of<br />

oysters before winter, but wholesalers need a<br />

year-round supply. Don’t get discouraged by<br />

weak fall sales because the market is flooded<br />

and nobody wants them! Hang on till spring<br />

and markets always recover.” With hundreds<br />

of oyster brands to compete with, Ben maintains<br />

that quality and strong branding are<br />

now more important than ever.<br />

In terms of where the market is headed, Ben<br />

is noticing more and more consolidation of<br />

late. “A lot of people are realizing how much<br />

work goes into growing oysters, and it’s often<br />

a grind. Smaller farms are getting gobbled up<br />

to create larger, more efficient companies.<br />

I think this is inevitable.”<br />

Ben noted that Pangea wouldn’t<br />

be where it is today without<br />

their staff of dedicated employees.<br />

“Many of our crew<br />

have been with us for eightplus<br />

years, and our V.P. Dan<br />

Light has been with us for 21!<br />

The wholesale and farm employees<br />

show up every day, and battle<br />

through the ups and downs and poor<br />

weather. They are the backbone of our business.”<br />

Ben is active in many associations, including<br />

the Massachusetts Aquaculture <strong>Association</strong><br />

and the ECSGA. He also believes<br />

it’s important to become involved in local<br />

politics, especially when farms are located<br />

in small towns. He explained that Pangea<br />

takes part in, “quite a bit of charitable work”<br />

and participates in various fundraisers. The<br />

company’s “Season of Giving”<br />

includes fundraising efforts for<br />

the Massachusetts Aquaculture<br />

<strong>Association</strong> in September,<br />

Breast Cancer Awareness in<br />

October, Feeding America<br />

in November, and Toys for<br />

Tots in December. “It’s been<br />

very successful for us, and our<br />

customers really get behind the<br />

efforts, with some even matching<br />

our contributions!” he said.<br />

In addition to all that charitable work, Ben<br />

has been actively supporting the ECSGA for<br />

decades because, as he says, “This business<br />

is tough, and we all need someone fighting<br />

for our interests. It’s hard to find the time to<br />

do this effectively on your own. The ECSGA<br />

does a great job of polling its members on<br />

their relevant issues and acting on those,<br />

both regionally and nationally. They are a<br />

great partner to have in your corner.”<br />

SCALABLE ALGAE PRODUCTION<br />

With control in the palm of your hand<br />

• Indoor / Outdoor Use<br />

• Microalgae and Macroalgae<br />

• Simple, Modular Assembly<br />

• Remote Wi-Fi Control for pH,<br />

Temperature, and LED’s<br />

• High Productivity<br />

• Cost Effective Solution<br />

www.purebiomass.org<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 6 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>


New Product Spotlight:<br />

Ketcham Supply Partners<br />

with Saeplast and<br />

Aqua Production Systems<br />

by Ann Kane Rheault,<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Editor<br />

When Bob Ketcham founded Ketcham<br />

Traps back in 1975, the business primarily<br />

catered to commercial lobstermen and fishermen,<br />

selling the first wire-mesh traps, rope<br />

and wire-coated mesh from their factory and<br />

store in New Bedford, Massachusetts.<br />

In 2016 Bob retired and his daughter Heather<br />

decided to purchase the company, “after a<br />

lifetime of heated fisheries talk at the dinner<br />

table.” She is well qualified to run a business<br />

of this size and scope: she earned a Business<br />

Management degree from the University of<br />

Massachusetts, Dartmouth, and pursued<br />

graduate studies at Babson College and the<br />

University of California, Berkeley. Heather<br />

is highly attuned to the needs of the industry<br />

and says that she gets some of her best ideas<br />

from visiting farms and talking to growers.<br />

Since those early days as “a fisherman’s candy<br />

store” the business has changed its name<br />

to Ketcham Supply and added an impressive<br />

array of innovative aquaculture gear to the<br />

mix. It is now a full-service shellfish-aquaculture<br />

gear supplier, selling nearly every<br />

type of equipment growers could possibly<br />

need: floating cages, mesh bags, vinyl-coated<br />

wire, ropes, closures and clips, tools, buoys<br />

and more. And now they’ve added one more<br />

category to their aquaculture repertoire:<br />

insulated coolers and recirculating bins from<br />

Saeplast.<br />

Heather recognized an industry<br />

need for insulated coolers that<br />

make it easier to get oysters<br />

on ice in order to comply with<br />

regulatory and best-practice recommendations<br />

geared towards<br />

preventing Vibrio outbreaks. She<br />

also realized that, “recirculating<br />

bins for wet storage and depuration<br />

are becoming increasingly<br />

important to help growers manage inventory<br />

and sell product when their growing site is<br />

closed.”<br />

To that end, Ketcham Supply has partnered<br />

with Saeplast to distribute their full product<br />

line 1 in the U.S. The new DWS352 recirculating<br />

bin (94-gallon capacity) and its predecessors<br />

the 405 (109-gallon capacity) and 705<br />

(158-gallon capacity) are made of doublewalled,<br />

food-grade polyethylene filled with<br />

polyurethane. The modular design makes for<br />

easy stacking and includes forklift access.<br />

AQUA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS<br />

Aqua Production Systems makes a mobile<br />

recirculation-chiller system that can hold oysters<br />

for up to six months. Their shower decks using<br />

Seaplast DWS352 wet-storage containers can<br />

be stacked up to four high. APS uses exact<br />

calculations of the new-water requirements,<br />

biomass heat transfer, shower-head aeration and<br />

energy-efficient chilling to keep the water at 2°C.<br />

The DWS352 multi-function shellfish wetstorage<br />

system can be stacked four or five<br />

high under a continuous flow of water raining<br />

down from above, providing clean water<br />

and oxygen to the shellfish in all the containers.<br />

These bins have a larger, standard palletsize<br />

footprint of 48" x 48" and come with<br />

lifting handles on each corner. (For more<br />

details on the DWS352 see the article in the<br />

April 2021 newsletter 2 ).<br />

Ketcham Supply is currently working with<br />

Aqua Production Systems, a Canadian<br />

company that designs, manufactures, installs<br />

and maintains live-storage and shower<br />

systems for seafood processing. APS sells<br />

a mobile system for use with the Saeplast<br />

DWS352 wet-storage containers, which it<br />

says can hold oysters “for up to six months<br />

using shower-head aeration and energyefficient<br />

chilling that will keep your water at<br />

2° Celsius.” APS will also custom-design recirculating<br />

systems that can maintain water<br />

temperatures from 0° to 30° C.<br />

The Saeplast connection<br />

Saeplast Americas Inc. is a division of Rotovia,<br />

with headquarters in Dalvik, Iceland,<br />

and a rotomolding manufacturing plant for<br />

—Continued on page 9<br />

Sustainable Oyster Farming Systems<br />

516 US Highway 70 West<br />

Havelock, NC, 28532<br />

tel: 1-888-412-8948<br />

email: sales@submurge.com<br />

www.submurge.com<br />

SAEPLAST<br />

False-bottom grids in the Saeplast<br />

bins allow mud and dirt to wash<br />

away from shellfish, and securely<br />

lock into place along all four sides<br />

to ensure animals don’t fall through<br />

into the muck.<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 7


—Continued from page 4<br />

Platipus Anchors<br />

Bubba Frisbee, who runs the<br />

floating-farm operation for<br />

Cherrystone Aquafarms, has<br />

installed hundreds of these anchors<br />

to secure their thousands<br />

of floating cages off the <strong>East</strong>ern<br />

Shore of Virginia. He says that<br />

on a good day he can plant 30-<br />

40 Platipus anchors. He drives<br />

them into the sand/shell layer<br />

until they won’t go any further.<br />

Bubba estimates that he has engineered<br />

his system to withstand<br />

a Category 3 hurricane.<br />

Dave Ryan, President of Cape<br />

Cod Oyster Company, recently<br />

installed about 60 Platipus<br />

anchors to hold a 4,600-unit Flip<br />

Farm array on his 2-acre lease<br />

in Waquoit Bay on Cape Cod,<br />

Massachusetts, but expects that<br />

number to reach 5,000 soon. He<br />

was very pleased to see that the<br />

anchors held this past winter,<br />

even though he rigs his lines<br />

very tightly and experienced a<br />

number of “insanely high tides”<br />

that dragged several units at<br />

each end of the line underwater.<br />

He dove on them in mid-May<br />

and reported that, “they look<br />

brand new after a year in the<br />

water.”<br />

Frank says he enjoys working<br />

with shellfish growers because<br />

he loves a new challenge and<br />

every farm he works with is<br />

unique. I have seen him at<br />

several trade shows and there is<br />

always a line of folks looking at<br />

his gear and asking him questions<br />

about it. He enjoys talking<br />

to people about his products, but<br />

laments that he can never find<br />

enough help to run his shop,<br />

which makes it harder to keep<br />

up with demand.<br />

Platipus is currently working<br />

with industry leaders to gather<br />

more information that will help<br />

the company determine how<br />

much capacity is required to<br />

hold the floating gear in place.<br />

These real-world studies include<br />

measuring the tension on the<br />

lines of gear in various conditions<br />

and locations. Using this<br />

data, Platipus will be able to<br />

provide the necessary anchors<br />

with an even higher level of confidence<br />

in their performance.<br />

For more information on<br />

Platipus anchors visit platipus.<br />

us/industry-sectors/otherapplications<br />

or email the<br />

company at info@platipus.us<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 8 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>


—Continued from page 7<br />

Ketcham, Saeplast, Aqua<br />

Production Systems<br />

the Americas in Saint John,<br />

New Brunswick, on Canada’s<br />

<strong>East</strong> <strong>Coast</strong>. Saeplast has been<br />

around since 1984 and now has<br />

more than 800 employees working<br />

at 14 operations all over the<br />

world. Mark Crandall, Saeplast’s<br />

sales manager for the North<br />

American territory, explained<br />

that the company is “the market<br />

leader in rotationally molded<br />

plastic products, specializing in<br />

cold-chain and on-board handling<br />

processes for all species of<br />

seafood.”<br />

Mark said he was excited about<br />

Saeplast’s new initiative focusing<br />

on recycling and environmental<br />

sustainability while honoring its<br />

commitment to improving seafood<br />

quality. “We currently are<br />

the only ones who sell a triplewalled,<br />

100% recyclable polyethylene<br />

container using closedcell<br />

technology. Like our other<br />

products, the box is durable,<br />

food-safe and easy to clean and<br />

repair.” Mark said that Saeplast<br />

is “discovering and implementing<br />

a huge swing from PUR<br />

[polyurethane] to PE [polyethylene]<br />

throughout the industry,<br />

in keeping with our mission of<br />

quality and sustainability over<br />

and over again.”<br />

He recognizes that the biggest<br />

challenge in the vast North<br />

American market has been a<br />

reluctance for some industry<br />

members to come around to<br />

new and better ways of doing<br />

things. Mark said it can be a<br />

struggle to overcome the attitude<br />

that, “my grandfather did<br />

it this way, his father and mine<br />

did it this way, so this is how it<br />

is done.” Nevertheless, he has<br />

seen a large movement “starting<br />

with the farmers and fishermen,<br />

where they are looking to<br />

improve catches and yields and<br />

lower mortalities. We’ve never<br />

had as much access to education<br />

and information as we do now<br />

and folks realize we have some<br />

of the greatest product in the<br />

industry and [we] need to start<br />

showing that to the rest of the<br />

world.”<br />

Mark noted that ECSGA members<br />

are Saeplast’s target demographic<br />

for the DWS352 wetstorage<br />

container, and provide a<br />

major source of information on<br />

industry processes and needs.<br />

“Along with Ketcham Supply<br />

KETCHAM SUPPLY<br />

Ketcham offers the full Saeplast<br />

product line, including the 405<br />

and 705 nesting recirculating bins,<br />

constructed of double-walled,<br />

food-grade polyethylene filled with<br />

polyurethane.<br />

and a couple of other partners,<br />

we’ve secured access to everything<br />

bivalve. The ECSGA is so<br />

big and has access to so many<br />

regions, farmers, processes and<br />

different bodies of water that<br />

we are working with folks and<br />

learning more every day,” he<br />

concluded.<br />

Aqua Production Systems<br />

Aqua Production Systems has<br />

been in business for 12 years,<br />

with operations in two Canadian<br />

locations, New Glasgow and<br />

Woods Harbour, Nova Scotia.<br />

According to APS Chief Operating<br />

Officer Wayne Carter, the<br />

company's 10 employees and<br />

three contractors play an active<br />

role in helping to maintain<br />

customers’ systems long after<br />

installation. He explained that<br />

APS provides its customers with<br />

“daily checklists specific to each<br />

system, allowing for spot checks<br />

on vital information to ensure<br />

the systems are running correctly.”<br />

The time needed to go through<br />

the checklist depends on the<br />

installation, but takes an average<br />

of 45 minutes a day. “When<br />

shared with APS personnel<br />

weekly, this information allows<br />

for a comprehensive review and<br />

confirmation that vital equipment<br />

is operating as it should,”<br />

Wayne noted.<br />

APS takes full advantage of<br />

advances in automation technology<br />

to “address one of the<br />

—Continued on page 11<br />

Mark Winowich<br />

(206) 962-0437<br />

Freshtag®<br />

The sign of freshness®<br />

Temperature Monitoring Made Simple<br />

Sept. 6, 2023<br />

Freshtag® by Vitsab announces IAFP Food<br />

Safety Innovation Award for proprietary<br />

Time Temperature Indicator (TTI) labels<br />

Sept. 18, 2023<br />

Vitsab International, the creators of<br />

Freshtag® temperature monitoring<br />

technology, celebrate 33 years in business<br />

For Perishable<br />

Catering Products<br />

Validates Caviar<br />

Freshness and Quality<br />

Cold Chain Monitoring<br />

For Shellstock<br />

eCommerce<br />

Retail<br />

Engineered to C-bot Toxin<br />

for ROP/MAP<br />

ROP/MAP<br />

Seafood<br />

mark.winowich<br />

@vitsab.com<br />

• Meets Food Safety Regulation • Builds Consumer Confidence<br />

• Reduces Shrink and Food Waste • Strengthens Customer Loyalty<br />

Sept. 8, 2023<br />

How Vitsab by Freshtag® is replacing<br />

outdated best-by food safety systems<br />

with its temperature monitoring labels<br />

2023 Food Safety Innovation<br />

Award Recipient<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 9


Seafood Traceability<br />

Summit Takeaways<br />

by Robert Rheault,<br />

ECSGA Executive Director<br />

I spent the day on May 3 remotely attending<br />

the Seafood Traceability Summit sponsored<br />

by Virginia Tech so you didn’t have to. Following<br />

are some notes I took on the trends,<br />

innovations and challenges that lie ahead.<br />

Molluscan shellfish regulated under the National<br />

<strong>Shellfish</strong> Sanitation Program (NSSP)<br />

are currently exempted from the traceability<br />

requirements of the Food Safety Modernization<br />

Act 1 (FSMA), but you may soon find<br />

your buyers demanding that you adopt all<br />

the tagging requirements of the rule if you<br />

want to sell to them. So from a practical<br />

standpoint, you should talk to your buyers<br />

now to see what they will want from you.<br />

Samuels Seafood Company<br />

Joe Lasprogata, Vice President of Samuels<br />

Seafood Company, kicked off the summit<br />

using his company as a case study in why<br />

traceabilty software systems are needed in<br />

our industry. Although the main facility is<br />

headquartered in Philadelphia, Samuels<br />

also has satellite locations in Miami and<br />

Las Vegas. They have over 500 employees<br />

and put 100 trucks on the road every day.<br />

Samuels offers 5,000 products, and 250 of<br />

them are perishable, fresh fish and shellfish.<br />

Most of their products are farmed, and they<br />

cut fish to order for each customer. Roughly<br />

40 fish cutters are on the job every day, and<br />

a customer might be receiving fish from<br />

several different batches on any given day.<br />

Every night they unload products from about<br />

20 trucks dropping off seafood from all over<br />

the country; the daily receiving log is several<br />

pages long.<br />

In 2017 Samuels sold 27 million oysters,<br />

and they usually have 30-50 varieties of<br />

oysters in the shellfish cooler. As you can<br />

imagine, Joe has had to deal with plenty of<br />

recalls in his time. Before Samuels began<br />

using traceability software, the recalls were<br />

a total nightmare, but all that has changed.<br />

For example, a few months ago Joe was<br />

notified that a 500-pound load of mussels<br />

that he had purchased two weeks prior had<br />

been recalled, and every customer had to be<br />

notified. He had purchased 2,000 pounds<br />

of mussels from three different vendors that<br />

day, and they had been sent out to well over<br />

100 different customers. Before the traceability<br />

software, manually figuring out who got<br />

which mussels might have taken him all day.<br />

But because he now uses BlueTrace tagging<br />

and inventory software, it took him about 10<br />

minutes to identify and notify the 50 or so<br />

customers who had purchased mussels from<br />

that specific lot.<br />

Joe talked about many of the reasons he<br />

needs sophisticated traceability and inventory-management<br />

software to maintain his<br />

sanity. Bar code or QR code scanners greatly<br />

facilitate the creation of receiving and shipping<br />

logs. This significantly reduces data-entry<br />

labor costs and eliminates concerns about<br />

illegible handwriting or language barriers at<br />

the receiving dock. The software also helps<br />

with inventory management, ensuring that<br />

the first product in is the first product sold.<br />

Since all perishable products lose value over<br />

time, anything dealers can do to speed delivery<br />

is a money saver.<br />

Facilitating product recalls is an obvious<br />

benefit, but Joe also appreciates the potential<br />

to reduce the scope (breadth) of recalls.<br />

Traceback speed and accuracy should get<br />

better in the future, which could reduce illnesses<br />

as well as eliminate the cases where a<br />

product is falsely implicated in an illness.<br />

FDA CORE Network<br />

Adam Friedlander is a policy<br />

analyst in the Food and Drug<br />

Administration’s (FDA’s) Office<br />

of Coordinated Outbreak Response<br />

and Evaluation (CORE)<br />

Network who interacts with<br />

a variety of stakeholders on<br />

the requirements of the FDA<br />

Food Traceability Rule. Adam<br />

described how Rule 204 of the<br />

Food Safety Modernization Act<br />

(FSMA) is being implemented.<br />

The FDA has designated a Food<br />

Traceability List 2 of dairy, fruit,<br />

vegetable and seafood products<br />

considered “high-risk foods,”<br />

and anyone distributing foods<br />

on this list will be required to<br />

implement new traceability<br />

procedures starting in January<br />

2026, although they probably<br />

won’t become elements of routine<br />

inspections until 2027.<br />

Even though molluscan shellfish<br />

are currently exempt from the<br />

traceability requirements, Adam<br />

expects that most customers will<br />

demand that shellfish producers<br />

and dealers adopt the requirements<br />

well before then. He suggested<br />

that anyone with questions<br />

could check the 179-page<br />

—Continued on page 13<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 10 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>


Samuel W. (Billy)<br />

Plauché<br />

billy@plauchecarr.com<br />

Megan Terrell<br />

megan@plauchecarr.com<br />

plauchecarr.com<br />

Advocates and Counselors<br />

Representing <strong>Shellfish</strong><br />

<strong>Growers</strong> Since 1999<br />

Gulf <strong>Coast</strong><br />

Office<br />

225.256.4028<br />

Pacific<br />

Northwest<br />

Office<br />

206.588.4188<br />

—Continued from page 9<br />

Ketcham, Saeplast, Aqua Production<br />

Systems<br />

industry’s pain points: filtration.” Wayne<br />

explained that they start by “designing a<br />

filtration system with media equipped to<br />

do the job, reducing the need for media<br />

changes to…only once every five to seven<br />

years. Daily maintenance is automated, with<br />

backwash cycles performed at<br />

the intervals necessary to maintain<br />

water cleanliness.” Each<br />

installed system also automatically<br />

transmits information on<br />

equipment operation and water<br />

quality back to the company.<br />

Wayne explained that APS<br />

joined the ECSGA as an equipment<br />

supplier because the<br />

company’s work promoting industry<br />

best practices and sharing<br />

knowledge is in keeping with the<br />

mission of the ECSGA. They<br />

plan to continue growing their<br />

business “with a strong focus<br />

on technology and innovation,”<br />

while facing the challenges of<br />

gaining access to all the markets<br />

that could benefit from their<br />

products and expertise. Wayne<br />

added that the best part of his<br />

job is “watching our customers<br />

thrive with us. The worst part<br />

is watching potential customers<br />

struggle with dead loss when<br />

there is no need for it.”<br />

Hyperlinks<br />

1. ketchamsupply.<br />

com/<strong>2024</strong>/04/30/new-productlaunch-seaplast-recirculatingboxes-for-wet-storage-and-depuration<br />

2. ecsga.org/wp-content/up-<br />

loads/2021/03/ECSGA_NL_v2-<br />

21.pdf#page=14<br />

Prop 65 Could<br />

Bankrupt You!<br />

If you ship product to<br />

California and don't label it<br />

with a Proposition 65 warning,<br />

you could be ruined by<br />

predatory lawyers. They<br />

have sued several firms<br />

over regulations that set<br />

very low tolerances for<br />

hundreds of chemicals and<br />

metals present in products<br />

sold in the state. Oysters<br />

could easily exceed allowable<br />

lead and cadmium levels.<br />

For more details visit:<br />

ecsga.org/wp-content/<br />

uploads/2021/07/ECSGA_<br />

NL_v3-21.pdf#page=8<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 11


ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 12 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>


—Continued from page 10<br />

Traceability<br />

final rule 3 published in the Federal Register,<br />

or better yet, search for more digestible summaries<br />

on the web.<br />

The rules are extensive, and at first glance<br />

they appear quite daunting. In reality, almost<br />

all of the larger operations are already doing<br />

most of what is specified. Everyone in the<br />

value chain will be required to record Critical<br />

Tracking Events (CTEs), and Key Data<br />

Elements (KDEs). CTEs include steps such<br />

as harvesting, packing, shipping, product<br />

transformation, comingling and repackaging.<br />

Each CTE has one or more KDEs that must<br />

be recorded, such as lot code, location, date,<br />

temperature, and records like invoices and<br />

bills of lading.<br />

One of the new requirements that many will<br />

have to get used to is that the “first landbased<br />

receiver” must establish a “lot code”<br />

that will identify the product source, description<br />

and harvest date, and will follow the<br />

product from the first dealer to the end user.<br />

Adam reiterated that shellfish regulated<br />

under the NSSP are exempt from the rule,<br />

but he acknowledged that many buyers will<br />

start to require lot codes and scannable tags<br />

to facilitate their receiving and inventory<br />

management. Once they have to implement<br />

the Rule for other foods, they will probably<br />

want to do it across the board.<br />

The rest of the seminar featured presentations<br />

from a variety of software and hardware<br />

purveyors. We heard from BlueTrace,<br />

Trace Register, Innova, Wholechain and<br />

HeavyConnect. Each firm has its own pricing<br />

scheme. For example, while Trace Register<br />

charges a fee based on the weight of the<br />

product you ship, BlueTrace charges growers<br />

a flat fee for printers and tags, but has a different<br />

pricing structure for dealers who need<br />

scanners and inventory management features.<br />

Many companies using these software<br />

solutions use smartphones for scanning and<br />

data entry.<br />

Athough some seafood buyers require that<br />

sellers use specific software (with proprietary<br />

tagging and coding), there is a lot of pressure<br />

across the industry for interoperability,<br />

so that each system can understand other<br />

systems’ tags and codes. Most of these programs<br />

are integrated with billing, and may<br />

help in the recovery of lost product.<br />

Benefits<br />

I think that growers could also see benefits<br />

from traceability requirements. The FSMA<br />

Rule requires the first receiver to establish a<br />

lot code, but for growers who are also dealers,<br />

it makes sense for them to take care of<br />

this step. QR codes on the tags will allow<br />

the grower to convey to the customer the<br />

story about how the product was produced.<br />

—Continued on page 17<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 13


Sorry, But <strong>Shellfish</strong> Will<br />

Not Fix Climate Change<br />

by Robert Rheault,<br />

ECSGA Executive Director<br />

I wish it were true, but unfortunately, shellfish<br />

are not a carbon sink. We can make<br />

a lot of great claims about the benefits of<br />

shellfish, but the scientific evidence does<br />

not support the conclusion that shellfish are<br />

reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide. It is<br />

true that pound for pound, shellfish farming<br />

has an extremely low greenhouse gas<br />

footprint. It is also true that shellfish remove<br />

nitrogen and phosphate from sensitive eutrophic<br />

coastal estuaries and that shellfish farms<br />

provide habitat for juvenile fish and enhance<br />

fish survival and production. We can probably<br />

also make claims about wave energy<br />

mitigation and reduction in coastal erosion,<br />

HAMPTON HISTORY MUSEUM<br />

This circa 1900 photo shows the massive shell pile<br />

at the J.S. Darling & Son oyster packing plant that<br />

loomed as high as six stories over the waterfront<br />

in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Although the carbon<br />

in shell can be sequestered for up to tens of<br />

thousands of years, to be considered a carbon sink<br />

you would need to remove more carbon than it<br />

took to make the shell, so it’s not a carbon sink.<br />

and certainly we can tout the great taste and<br />

nutritional benefits of bivalves.<br />

However, we should not be making the claim<br />

that shellfish farming is going to fix climate<br />

change. Max Zavell, a fisheries postdoctoral<br />

fellow at the School for Marine Science and<br />

Technology at the University of Massachusetts<br />

Dartmouth, published a paper 1 last fall<br />

with Odd Lindahl, Ramon Filgueira and<br />

Sandy Shumway looking at this question.<br />

He also held a session on the subject at the<br />

National <strong>Shellfish</strong>eries <strong>Association</strong> meeting<br />

in March.<br />

The chemistry gets a little wonky so hold on<br />

tight. First, I should explain the difference<br />

between a “carbon sink” and “sequestering<br />

carbon.” A carbon sink refers to the process<br />

that removes CO2 from the atmosphere and<br />

ties it up in another form, preferably for<br />

hundreds or thousands of years. Plants take<br />

up carbon and turn it into carbohydrates, but<br />

that carbon is usually released in short order<br />

when the plant is eaten or decays.<br />

—Continued on page 17<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 14 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>


CDC Improves Its<br />

Website<br />

by Robert Rheault,<br />

ECSGA Executive Director<br />

It seems as if every few years we<br />

see an explosion of news articles<br />

about flesh-eating bacteria, a<br />

sensational topic that is irresistible<br />

to members of the media.<br />

Invariably these incidents result<br />

from Vibrio vulnificus illnesses<br />

caused by wound infections<br />

contracted while swimming in<br />

warm, brackish water. V. vulnificus<br />

infections are incredibly<br />

rare (156 total cases reported in<br />

2019) and only 10% are associated<br />

with eating seafood. But<br />

notably, V. vulnificus infections<br />

have a 20% mortality rate in<br />

immune-compromised patients.<br />

The go-to source for reporters<br />

looking for information about<br />

flesh-eating bacteria is the Centers<br />

for Disease Control and Prevention<br />

(CDC) website where,<br />

until recently, visitors saw that<br />

an estimated 80,000 vibriosis<br />

cases occur each year, and that<br />

oysters are commonly implicated.<br />

The fact that only 15 or so of<br />

the extremely rare V. vulnificus<br />

cases are linked to oysters got<br />

lost in the confusing language<br />

that made it hard to distinguish<br />

the generic term “vibriosis”<br />

from V. vulnificus infections,<br />

so just about every media story<br />

on flesh-eating bacteria showed<br />

pictures of oysters and cited<br />

“80,000 cases a year.”<br />

When three people died of V.<br />

vulnificus wound infections in<br />

the summer of 2023 after swimming<br />

in Long Island Sound, I<br />

counted more than 47 breathless<br />

news reports and watched in<br />

horror as oyster markets in New<br />

York evaporated. I arranged a<br />

meeting with CDC press relations<br />

folks requesting substantive<br />

changes to their website to clarify<br />

the rarity of the disease and to<br />

emphasize that the overwhelming<br />

majority of V. vulnificus<br />

cases are wound-related. They<br />

rejected our suggested edits. On<br />

our Walk the Hill trip to D.C. in<br />

March we brought up the issue<br />

with our congressional colleagues,<br />

and later began working<br />

on a letter that representatives<br />

could send to the CDC urging<br />

the agency to make changes to<br />

its website.<br />

To its credit, in recent months<br />

the CDC has overhauled its<br />

Vibrio pages and they are now<br />

much clearer and easier to<br />

understand. I’d like to think that<br />

all our hard work advocating<br />

for changes to the website paid<br />

off, but who knows? Maybe the<br />

revamp had been in the works<br />

for some time. In any event, the<br />

improvements are noticeable.<br />

For example, on the About<br />

Vibrio 1 page, key points are<br />

highlighted right off the bat:<br />

• Vibrio are bacteria that naturally<br />

live in coastal waters.<br />

• About a dozen kinds of<br />

Vibrio can cause people to get an<br />

infection called vibriosis.<br />

• People can get vibriosis after<br />

swallowing Vibrio or getting it in<br />

a wound.<br />

• Vibrio infection can be serious.<br />

Know when to seek medical<br />

care.<br />

In addition to the simplified Vibrio<br />

presentations for members<br />

of the public and the media, the<br />

National Outbreak Reporting<br />

System (NORS) infection and<br />

outbreak data are now accessible<br />

online in the NORS Dashboard 2<br />

and can be downloaded to a<br />

monster csv file for massaging<br />

with your favorite spreadsheet<br />

application.<br />

—Continued on page 18<br />

CDC/ JANICE H. CARR<br />

Vibrio vulnificus infections<br />

are very rare (156 cases<br />

in 2019) and only 10% are<br />

linked to eating seafood.<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 15


ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 16 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>


—Continued from page 14<br />

<strong>Shellfish</strong> Won’t Fix<br />

Climate Change<br />

Trees tie up carbon for many<br />

years until they die and rot or<br />

get burned. Many are touting<br />

trees as a carbon sink, but forest<br />

fires may be challenging that<br />

concept.<br />

Sequestration refers to tying up<br />

carbon in another form for long<br />

periods of time. Bivalve shell is<br />

composed of calcium carbonate,<br />

and the carbon in shell can<br />

be sequestered for up to tens of<br />

thousands of years. So why is<br />

shell not a sink? For shell to be<br />

considered a sink you would<br />

need to remove more carbon<br />

than it took to make the shell.<br />

Cement ties up tremendous<br />

amounts of carbon around the<br />

world for long periods of time,<br />

but making cement is extremely<br />

energy-intensive and requires the<br />

burning of immense amounts<br />

of fossil fuels, so cement is not a<br />

carbon sink.<br />

For starters, shellfish liberate<br />

a molecule of CO2 for every<br />

molecule of calcium carbonate<br />

they create. <strong>Shellfish</strong> also use<br />

energy to make shell, and that<br />

requires respiration, which produces<br />

CO2. Some argue that the<br />

CO2 released in respiration is<br />

immediately taken up by algae,<br />

which absorb the CO2 and make<br />

carbohydrates. Depending on<br />

your assumptions, at best the<br />

whole process is a net zero, so<br />

you can’t claim that shellfish are<br />

reducing atmospheric CO2.<br />

Removing shell from the ocean<br />

decreases the alkalinity of the<br />

seawater, which lowers the solubility<br />

of CO2 in seawater. It’s<br />

estimated that roughly a third of<br />

the CO2 produced by burning<br />

fossil fuels has dissolved into the<br />

ocean, but if we lower the alkalinity<br />

of the ocean, it incrementally<br />

pushes that CO2 back into<br />

the atmosphere. I don’t know<br />

what percentage of shell gets returned<br />

to the ocean after we eat<br />

the animals inside, but I suspect<br />

it is a pretty small fraction.<br />

Then there is the question of<br />

scale. Global emissions of CO2<br />

are approximately 37 gigatons<br />

per year. Zavell’s estimates of total<br />

global farmed-shellfish shell<br />

are on the order of 4-7 million<br />

tons produced each year. Using<br />

the higher estimate, and assuming<br />

there is no CO2 produced<br />

in making the shell, the CO2<br />

sequestered in shell represents<br />

only 0.02% of annual emissions.<br />

Doubling global production<br />

would have a negligible impact,<br />

even under an ideal scenario. It<br />

has been argued that if we could<br />

replace 10% of meat consumption<br />

with shellfish, the impact on<br />

carbon emissions would be similar<br />

to pulling 10.8 million cars<br />

off the road (Ray et al. 2019).<br />

I am all for that, but it might<br />

be a hard sell. We have a great<br />

product with a great story to tell,<br />

but let’s not stretch the truth by<br />

making claims that don’t add up.<br />

Notes<br />

1. An Estimate of Carbon Storage<br />

Capabilities from Wild and<br />

Cultured <strong>Shellfish</strong> in the Northwest<br />

Atlantic and Their Potential<br />

Inclusion in a Carbon Economy.<br />

Zavell et al. <strong>2024</strong>, Journal of<br />

<strong>Shellfish</strong> Research<br />

doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0214<br />

—Continued from page 13<br />

Traceability<br />

We have great stories to tell and<br />

there is solid evidence that this<br />

increases the value of the product.<br />

Traceability will also cut<br />

down on fraud and trademark<br />

abuse, which will go a long way<br />

toward improving customer<br />

trust.<br />

Challenges<br />

Some hardships and challenges<br />

remain for sure. Small producers<br />

and “first receivers” (who need<br />

to create lot codes) will have to<br />

absorb training and software<br />

costs and will need to adopt<br />

new protocols. Change is hard!<br />

Dealers will need to pay for<br />

scanners, software and training.<br />

The various traceability software<br />

companies offered a wide range<br />

of options and their on-boarding<br />

time estimates to get up to<br />

speed varied from 2 hours to<br />

4-6 weeks. One thing everyone<br />

agreed on is that it would be<br />

prudent to engage in traceability<br />

early so that your concerns are<br />

addressed and any regulations<br />

that are developed will fit our<br />

industry.<br />

Hyperlinks<br />

1. www.fda.gov/food/guidanceregulation-food-and-dietarysupplements/food-safetymodernization-act-fsma<br />

2. www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety-modernization-act-fsma/<br />

food-traceability-list<br />

3. www.federalregister.gov/<br />

documents//2022/11/21/<br />

2022-24417/requirementsfor-additional-traceabilityrecords-for-certain-foods<br />

ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 17


—Continued from page 15<br />

CDC Improves Its Website<br />

Of course, I still have several beefs with their<br />

presentation. They say “Most people get vibriosis<br />

by eating raw or undercooked shellfish,<br />

particularly oysters.” In fact, wound infections<br />

account for 35% of all vibriosis infections<br />

and 65-85% of Vibrio vulnificus infections.<br />

Only 44% of all foodborne vibriosis<br />

infections are linked to oysters.<br />

That is not “most”!<br />

Although, since many illnesses are linked<br />

to crab and shrimp and some people refer<br />

to these as “shellfish,” I guess technically<br />

they could say “most.” And I suppose that<br />

since there are more infections from oysters<br />

than either shrimp or crab, again you could<br />

technically say “particularly oysters,” but<br />

oysters are implicated in fewer than half of<br />

foodborne infections so I am not happy that<br />

we get special treatment. Since oysters are<br />

responsible for less than half of foodborne<br />

vibriosis infections (and only 10% of V. vulnificus<br />

infections) do they really deserve their<br />

own special page 3 that leads with, “You can<br />

get very sick from eating raw oysters”?<br />

The CDC page on oysters and vibriosis still<br />

talks about amputations and 20% mortality<br />

without mentioning how rarely this disease<br />

is caused by oysters. We are talking about<br />

15 cases a year tied to seafood consumption!<br />

I should be pleased that we have gotten<br />

the CDC to make some changes, but we<br />

know there will be more flesh-eating bacteria<br />

deaths next summer, and when they are<br />

wound-related (as the vast majority are) it<br />

would be nice if the press didn’t immediately<br />

throw oysters under the bus.<br />

If you'd like more details on this issue and<br />

the specific edits we are requesting, visit<br />

ECSGA.org and take a look at my short<br />

webinar 4 . We also have a fact sheet 5 on flesheating<br />

bacteria. Remember, the next time<br />

you get cornered by a reporter, your response<br />

should be short and sweet: “Our shellfish are<br />

safe, but if you are immune compromised<br />

you should be careful about swimming in<br />

warm seawater if you have a scratch or a<br />

cut.” Don’t get trapped in a long conversation<br />

because the key points you want to<br />

make will likely get lost.<br />

Hyperlinks<br />

1. www.cdc.gov/vibrio/about<br />

2. wwwn.cdc.gov/norsdashboard<br />

3. www.cdc.gov/vibrio/prevention/vibrioand-oysters.html<br />

4. ecsga.org/vibrio-resources/#CDCdestroysmarkets<br />

5. ecsga.org/vibrio-resources/#flesh-eating<br />

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ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 18 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

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—Continued from page 1<br />

Birds on Gear a Problem<br />

formally accepted by the FDA in<br />

a few months.<br />

I headed up two sessions at the<br />

National <strong>Shellfish</strong>eries <strong>Association</strong><br />

annual meeting in March,<br />

and posted the notes from those<br />

sessions 1 and a brief webinar 2 on<br />

shellfish sanitation and birds to<br />

the ECSGA website.<br />

This spring the ISSC Executive<br />

Board agreed to establish a committee<br />

to conduct a literature<br />

review, and to hold a workshop<br />

on guano remediation. One of<br />

the key challenges: although<br />

sea birds excrete high levels of<br />

coliform-indicator bacteria, they<br />

only rarely carry human pathogens.<br />

Nevertheless, high coliform<br />

levels can force the closure<br />

of harvest areas even though the<br />

risk of human illness may be<br />

relatively low.<br />

In April the Environmental<br />

Protection Agency published a<br />

283-page document highlighting<br />

how the presence of fecal-coliform-indicator<br />

bacteria is a poor<br />

predictor of risk when waters<br />

are primarily contaminated with<br />

fecal material from non-human<br />

animals (such as dogs, livestock<br />

or wild birds). These Technical<br />

Support Materials 3 are posted on<br />

the ECSGA website and provide<br />

the foundation for discussions<br />

on how to conduct a risk analysis<br />

on bird waste. The hope is<br />

that with continued research, we<br />

can avoid unnecessary closures<br />

of harvest areas impacted by<br />

nearby birds.<br />

While the risk of human illness<br />

may be low, it is clearly not<br />

negligible. <strong>Growers</strong> should do<br />

everything possible to deter birds<br />

from landing on their gear, and<br />

plenty of new ideas and refinements<br />

are being developed and<br />

evaluated. At minimum, guano<br />

on food is a bad look, but it<br />

can be catastrophic if it results<br />

in closing growing areas. Stay<br />

tuned for more developments on<br />

this issue.<br />

Hyperlinks<br />

1. ecsga.org/bird-interactions/<br />

#nsa-notes-11<br />

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3. ecsga.org/bird-interactions/<br />

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ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong> Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong><br />

Page 19


ECSGA Dues Categories<br />

<strong>Growers</strong>, dealers and equipment suppliers enjoy full voting rights.<br />

(If you are both a grower and a dealer simply ask yourself where<br />

most of your revenue comes from.) If you don’t fall into one of<br />

these industry categories please consider joining as a non-voting<br />

associate member.<br />

Member Type Gross Annual Sales Dues<br />

Grower $0 to 50,000 $100<br />

Grower $50,000 to $100,000 $200<br />

Grower $100,000 to 300,000 $500<br />

Grower $300,000 to 1 million $1,000<br />

Grower $1 million to $3 million $2,000<br />

Grower over $3 million $3,000<br />

<strong>Shellfish</strong> Dealers and<br />

Equipment Suppliers<br />

$250<br />

Restaurant Ally $100<br />

Non-voting<br />

Associate<br />

$50<br />

Because ECSGA is a 501(c)(6) non-profit trade organization, a<br />

portion of your membership dues may be tax deductible as a<br />

business expense; please contact us for details.<br />

You can pay online using PayPal or your credit card on our website<br />

ECSGA.org or mail this form with your check to:<br />

ECSGA, 111 Myrtle St., New Bedford, MA 02740<br />

Name ______________________________________________<br />

Company ___________________________________________<br />

Street Address ______________________________________<br />

City, State, Zip ______________________________________<br />

Email ______________________________________________<br />

Phone _____________________________________________<br />

Member Type and Level*______________________________<br />

* Rest assured, your sales information will be closely<br />

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ECSGA <strong>Newsletter</strong><br />

Page 20 Issue 2 <strong>June</strong> <strong>2024</strong>

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