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YSM Issue 97.1

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The Editor-in-Chief Speaks<br />

AT THE CROSSROADS<br />

Last summer, the Vol. 96 Managing Editors and I combed through the Yale<br />

Scientific archives on Crown Street and in Welsh Hall, flipping through hundreds of<br />

dust-covered magazines. As we cataloged 130 years of history—a project culminating<br />

in a new archival exhibit in the Benjamin Franklin Library—we unearthed a series<br />

of articles. Some of these included “Science Helps Develop an Emotional Art”<br />

(November 1927), “On The Relevance Of Philosophy To Mathematics And The<br />

Sciences” (January 1961), and “Science Courses for Humanities Majors” (November<br />

1962). All shared a common theme: an interest in mining the rich, complex, and, at<br />

times, contentious, relationship between STEM and the liberal arts.<br />

Since 1894, <strong>YSM</strong> has occupied a specialized niche—the intersection of science<br />

and the humanities. As a science magazine, we strive to unite the rigor of research<br />

methodologies with the imaginative ethos of storytelling to explore how science<br />

impacts society. As clinical and basic research becomes increasingly siloed, we<br />

recognize that an interdisciplinary approach is necessary to tackle and spread<br />

awareness about our world’s most pressing issues, from climate change to cancer.<br />

In the spirit of interdisciplinarity, our cover story synthesizes organic chemistry<br />

and environmental public policy to reveal the alarming rates of total gas-phase<br />

organic carbon emissions in Canada’s tar sands (pg. 16). In Features, we trace the<br />

winding journey of a 14,000-year-old woolly mammoth using isotopic dating and<br />

anthropological methods (pg. 32). In News, we delve into social medicine, analyzing<br />

the neurological effects of racism during pregnancy on infants (pg. 6) and the<br />

mental health crisis among Black youth in the US (pg. 10). Our theme culminates<br />

in our special series this year, “Crossroads,” in which we invite writers to sit in on<br />

interdisciplinary class offerings at Yale and interview the professors teaching them.<br />

In our first iteration of “Crossroads,” we glimpse into professor Karla Neugebauer’s<br />

classroom, where she teaches “Biochemistry and Our Changing Climate” (pg. 39).<br />

As we begin the new year, we aim to enrich our understanding of the societal<br />

impacts of science through our blog, Scope, and to launch a multimedia video series<br />

highlighting researchers pushing the frontiers of science. In addition, we will continue<br />

to reckon with our past by curating special exhibitions using our archival materials,<br />

diversifying our coverage, and challenging our historical and present biases.<br />

We would like to extend our sincerest thanks to all of our supporters and<br />

contributors, from our staff members and masthead to our subscribers. We are<br />

incredibly grateful, as always, for our long-standing partnerships with the Yale Science<br />

and Engineering Association, the Yale Alumni Association, and Yale Departments.<br />

The magazine you hold in your hands is the distillation of hundreds of hours of<br />

researching, interviewing, editing, writing, photographing, drawing, and designing.<br />

It is a labor of love, and we hope that you’ll join us by immersing yourselves in the<br />

wondrous intersection of science and the humanities.<br />

About the Art<br />

Hannah Han, Editor-in-Chief<br />

New research shows that Canada’s<br />

tar sands—infamous for being<br />

one of the most environmentally<br />

harmful sources of oil—are even<br />

worse than we thought. This piece<br />

highlights the devastating effects<br />

of this pollution: sticky black<br />

scars cutting across the vibrant<br />

landscape, and dark smoke<br />

obscuring the blue sky.<br />

Annli Zhu, Cover Artist<br />

MASTHEAD<br />

March 2024 VOL. 97 NO. 1<br />

EDITORIAL BOARD<br />

Editor-in-Chief<br />

Managing Editors<br />

News Editor<br />

Features Editor<br />

Special Sections Editor<br />

Articles Editor<br />

Online Editors<br />

Scope Editors<br />

Copy Editors<br />

Archivist<br />

PRODUCTION & DESIGN<br />

Production Manager<br />

Layout Editors<br />

Art Editor<br />

Cover Artist<br />

Photography Editor<br />

BUSINESS<br />

Publisher<br />

Operations Managers<br />

Subscriptions Manager<br />

Community Coordinator<br />

OUTREACH<br />

Synapse Presidents<br />

Synapse Vice President<br />

Synapse Outreach Coordinators<br />

Synapse Events Coordinator<br />

WEB<br />

Web Manager<br />

Head of Social Media Team<br />

Web Coordinator<br />

Web Developer<br />

Social Media Content Creator<br />

STAFF<br />

Ebru Ayyorgun<br />

Gabriela Berger<br />

Ryan Bose-Roy<br />

Andre Botero<br />

Risha Chakraborty<br />

Kelly Chen<br />

Yuanyu Chen<br />

Kenny Cheng<br />

Cara Chong<br />

Rayyan Darji<br />

Sara de Ángel<br />

Pempem Dorji<br />

Ian Gill<br />

Molly Hill<br />

Elisa Howard<br />

Nusaiba Islam<br />

Patricia Joseph<br />

Genevieve Kim<br />

Paul-Alexander Lejas<br />

Nyla Marcott<br />

Cullen Matthews<br />

Kenna Morgan<br />

Lee Ngatia Muita<br />

Diya Naik<br />

Brandon Ngo<br />

Kimberly Nguyen<br />

Nicole Isabel Oo<br />

Faith Pena<br />

Ethan Powell<br />

Yusuf Rasheed<br />

Ignacio Ruiz-Sanchez<br />

Sharna Saha<br />

Fareed Salmon<br />

Alondra Moreno Santana<br />

Hannah Han<br />

Sophia Burick<br />

Kayla Yup<br />

Mia Gawith<br />

William Archacki<br />

Keya Bajaj<br />

Evelyn Jiang<br />

Cindy Mei<br />

Lawrence Zhao<br />

Matthew Blair<br />

Lea Papa<br />

Katrin Marinova<br />

Yossi Moff<br />

Patrick Wahlig<br />

Matthew Blair<br />

Kara Tao<br />

Nina Yorou Liu<br />

Jiya Mody<br />

Madeleine Popofsky<br />

Luna Aguilar<br />

Annli Zhu<br />

Emily Poag<br />

Tori Sodeinde<br />

Gia-Bao Dam<br />

Megan Kernis<br />

Henry Chen<br />

Samantha Liu<br />

Hannah Barsouk<br />

Brandon Quach<br />

Jordan Thomas<br />

Sarah Li<br />

Sunny Vuong<br />

Michael Sarullo<br />

Abigail Jolteus<br />

Elizabeth Watson<br />

David Gaetano<br />

Henry Chen<br />

Sunny Vuong<br />

Jamie Seu<br />

Helen Shanefield<br />

Nikolai Stephens-<br />

Zumbaum<br />

Lynna Thai<br />

Melda Top<br />

Hien Tran<br />

Proud Ua-arak<br />

Qinyi Wang<br />

Max Watzky<br />

Elise Wilkins<br />

Estella Wittstruck<br />

Aiden Wright<br />

Nathan Wu<br />

Aaron Yu<br />

Johnny Yue<br />

Hanwen Zhang<br />

The Yale Scientific Magazine (<strong>YSM</strong>) is published four times a year by Yale<br />

Scientific Publications, Inc. Third class postage paid in New Haven, CT<br />

06520. Non-profit postage permit number 01106 paid for May 19, 1927<br />

under the act of August 1912. ISN:0091-287. We reserve the right to edit<br />

any submissions, solicited or unsolicited, for publication. This magazine is<br />

published by Yale College students, and Yale University is not responsible<br />

for its contents. Perspectives expressed by authors do not necessarily reflect<br />

the opinions of <strong>YSM</strong>. We retain the right to reprint contributions, both text<br />

and graphics, in future issues as well as a non-exclusive right to reproduce<br />

these in electronic form. The <strong>YSM</strong> welcomes comments and feedback. Letters<br />

to the editor should be under two hundred words and should include the<br />

author’s name and contact information. We reserve the right to edit letters<br />

before publication. Please send questions and comments to yalescientific@<br />

yale.edu. Special thanks to Yale Student Technology Collaborative.

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