Redefining Reality - The Intellectual Implications of Modern Science

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Eagleton, Why Marx Was Right. Fukyama, The End of History and the Last Man. Parsons, Societies. Rand, . Tainter, . . Is social progress progress toward something? Is there an ultimate goal, an ultimate social good or state we are working toward, or is it an endless process? Is Tainter correct that cultures eventually create the conditions for their destruction? If Tainter is correct, is it inevitable? If we know what is coming, could we act to prevent it? 180
Economics became a science with the formulation of the ideal type of and completely self-interested. The behavior of such a being in the marketplace would be predictable, and the large-scale movements of the economy would be determinable from the properties of the individual. But in the 20 th century, the classical picture was undermined, both in terms of the macro picture deriving from small-scale interactions and because humans are indeed neither perfectly rational nor completely self-interested. Economics as a science began in the 18 th century when relations among production, consumption, scarcity, and price began to be formulated. In the shadow of Newton’s work on mechanics and physical system. The problem, of course, is that physics deals with objects that have no will. People, in contrast, are seemingly not bound by deterministic rules. Hence, a science of economics seemed to some to be in well-regulated, predictable ways. Early economists objected that this romanticized image of the capricious human who acts however he or she wants at all times is an empirical matter. If we look at the functioning of the marketplace, we actually observe a well-regulated system that acts and reacts in predictable ways. Human choices are not random; to the contrary, we can fully understand why humans do what they do in the marketplace in a quite straightforward way. 181
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Topic Philosophy & Intellectual His
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Steven Gimbel, Ph.D. Professor of P
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Table of Contents LECTURE 11 Dark M
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Table of Contents SUPPLEMENTAL MATE
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: I and technological a
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This question allows us to turn fro
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The study of reality is what philos
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Semmelweis noticed that the inciden
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ut sometimes, even after checking t
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. The Matrix. We don’t believe
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Wisdom comes from rejecting the imp
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Thus, Aristotle’s prime mover, th
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Aristotle had said that an object
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For centuries, mathematics was cons
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th century, the Russian mathematici
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had turned their attention to logic
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Abbott, . Bell, Men of Mathematics.
Page 35 and 36:
Scientists thought that the physica
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H. A. Lorentz had found, when you a
Page 39 and 40:
Thinkers as far back as Gottfried L
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E grounds. First, the prin
Page 43 and 44:
If you woke up tomorrow in a small
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speed up going in and slow down com
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Is it true that a difference that m
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Einstein thought, there would be lo
Page 51 and 52:
Scientists largely hated this idea,
Page 53 and 54:
If Gamow and Alpher’s work was ri
Page 55 and 56:
Although physicists at the end of t
Page 57 and 58:
In the 19 th century, there was the
Page 59 and 60:
In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell publis
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The idea of a large central mass at
Page 63 and 64:
We know, however, that for a given
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whether light is a particle or a wa
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is a particle, then the slits would
Page 69 and 70:
One of the early results of quantum
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eams, we also knew that there were
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The hadrons are made up of quarks,
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As the meaning of the physics began
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The demon is a being with a super-i
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ignoring certain elements, we can c
Page 81 and 82:
One of the simplest fractal pattern
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Earlier, we talked about Thomas Kuh
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so greatly separated that no proces
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een able to form in that environmen
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Nicolson, . Panek, . Our theories
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Similarly, James Clerk Maxwell, in
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But as we move away from the pole,
Page 95 and 96:
Great press has been given to a pot
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Some people take the idea of a theo
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see from CAT scans that when someon
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Because we are just atoms, we, too,
Page 103 and 104:
Would the randomness of quantum mec
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Aristotle thought that this world i
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If you select strange enough traits
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Although this aspect of the theory
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Darwin posited that children look l
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The key to understanding how we pas
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This picture of illness is quite di
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How much of who we are is determine
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inferred that the function of that
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a byproduct of mental illness, Freu
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With the genetic approach, we are w
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After Freud, psychology developed i
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experiences that are not our own, t
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Behaviorism was an attempt to make
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Psychology, which had begun as a se
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I th century, psychology had the lu
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part, in the group. To understand t
Page 137 and 138: acting in ways that showed a lack o
Page 139 and 140: has learned from the so-called barb
Page 141 and 142: led him to begin one of the most fa
Page 143 and 144: ules. We are now adult in our ethic
Page 145 and 146: In a contract-based relationship, y
Page 147 and 148: The study of psychology changed for
Page 149 and 150: Instead, we are a part of the world
Page 151 and 152: But it turns out that exposure to c
Page 153 and 154: Glickstein, . Lynch, . mean we
Page 155 and 156: But evolutionary psychologists Leda
Page 157 and 158: suited to solving these problems an
Page 159 and 160: As such, when we look at the innate
Page 161 and 162: In looking at reality, we can exami
Page 163 and 164: We see this also in the writings of
Page 165 and 166: one universal is crime. Crime is no
Page 167 and 168: To avoid such situations of anomie
Page 169 and 170: Historians create narratives that e
Page 171 and 172: Society is composed of individuals
Page 173 and 174: © Digital Vision/Thinkstock.
Page 175 and 176: The concept of race has long been a
Page 177 and 178: there are different combinations am
Page 179 and 180: Perhaps race is what Durkheim calle
Page 181 and 182: Gould, . Hernnstein and Murray, . K
Page 183 and 184: Slavery, for example, was a necessa
Page 185 and 186: Parsons’s picture is not the Marx
Page 187: In defeat, the smaller neighbors wo
Page 191 and 192: self-interest. Second, the large-sc
Page 193 and 194: Under the classical model, this sho
Page 195 and 196: How do we account for these effects
Page 197 and 198: If the star is large enough, when i
Page 199 and 200: © amenic181/iStock/Thinkstock.
Page 201 and 202: What environment on Earth could pro
Page 203 and 204: The possibility of life on other pl
Page 205 and 206: Our newfound alien interlocutors te
Page 207 and 208: Perhaps the best evidence for extra
Page 209 and 210: Mayor and Frei, . Morrison, Billing
Page 211 and 212: It has long been argued, however, t
Page 213 and 214: But the idea of using the body’s
Page 215 and 216: Although that seems worrisome, it i
Page 217 and 218: I equally much for how w
Page 219 and 220: The use of one’s DNA in creating
Page 221 and 222: With cytoplasmic transfer, the nucl
Page 223 and 224: Macintosh, . Given that multiple
Page 225 and 226: we could begin with the desired por
Page 227 and 228: The second step is trickier. Here,
Page 229 and 230: Aside from medical uses, we can alt
Page 231 and 232: We can now use medical technology t
Page 233 and 234: The problem here is that sometimes
Page 235 and 236: of disease and disorder. In America
Page 237 and 238: performance-enhancing drugs? We see
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Advances have led to hand-shaped ap
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Warwick then went a step further. H
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Scientists at MIT have taken DNA fr
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Computers can do many things, but c
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possible right answers. The machine
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player having a king and a pawn and
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If intelligence or sentience is an
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enable us to become a global villag
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engineers used their technological
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Another intriguing development on t
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In these lectures, we’ve seen tha
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leave messages or comments, and whe
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This ability of mothers doesn’t m
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But Einstein showed us that the rea
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Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo. Linked: Th
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———. The Descent of Man: and
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Gilligan, Carol. . Cambridg
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Kramer, Peter. . New York: Viking
Page 275 and 276:
eings that we are willing to act in
Page 277 and 278:
Rothman, Sheila M. Medical Enhance
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———. . London: Century, 2002.
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