Redefining Reality - The Intellectual Implications of Modern Science

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But eventually, the wilder among the boys break off and acquire power. As the boys shed their culture, they lose their humanity, ultimately becoming murderous savages. Removed from the structure and enforcement mechanisms of human society, the boys revert to their base animal selves. Although Golding’s book is considered one of the great works th century, we also see versions of this work in today’s reality television. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the program , which clearly sought to model Golding’s plot. Bowler, . Darwin, The Origin of Species. ———, The Descent of Man. we can say that certain species are more perfect than others? Is this akin good that holds for the whole of reality, as opposed to Aristotle saying that there is only good for? Is a sponge less perfect than a horse or just different? Is killing a sponge the same thing as killing a horse? Is the competitive nature of sports and reality television healthy for uncultured side of us that is undesirable? 102
Darwin posited that children look like their parents but never understood the mechanism. Twentieth-century biology showed that the mechanism of inheritance is the transfer of genetic material located on chromosomes in the cell’s nucleus. The genes are made up of DNA, which codes for protein production that gives rise to the observable properties. This discovery allowed us to understand how certain illnesses have their roots in a person’s DNA and leads us to ask whether it would be good for individuals and the species to breed out these genetic problems, that is, whether eugenics is morally necessary or necessarily immoral. regularities in inheritance. Mendel showed that some traits are dominant, others are recessive, and the passing on of traits can be modeled mathematically. But he was unable to discover the the reproductive process. Around the same time that Darwin and Mendel were doing their work, the focus of biology turned to the role of the nucleus in cell division, especially in fertilized eggs. One structure in the nucleus, the chromosomes, seemed a good candidate for the cellular “coins” biologists sought for three reasons: First, the number of chromosomes in a cell nucleus was the same in all the cells of every organism of a given species but different for different species. Second, the chromosomes were two seemingly identical strands that were tangled together; during cell division in most cells, they untangled themselves, with each new nucleus getting one of them. 103
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Topic Philosophy & Intellectual His
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Steven Gimbel, Ph.D. Professor of P
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Table of Contents LECTURE 11 Dark M
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Table of Contents SUPPLEMENTAL MATE
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: I and technological a
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This question allows us to turn fro
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The study of reality is what philos
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Semmelweis noticed that the inciden
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ut sometimes, even after checking t
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. The Matrix. We don’t believe
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Wisdom comes from rejecting the imp
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Thus, Aristotle’s prime mover, th
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Aristotle had said that an object
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For centuries, mathematics was cons
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th century, the Russian mathematici
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had turned their attention to logic
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Abbott, . Bell, Men of Mathematics.
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Scientists thought that the physica
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H. A. Lorentz had found, when you a
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Thinkers as far back as Gottfried L
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E grounds. First, the prin
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If you woke up tomorrow in a small
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speed up going in and slow down com
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Is it true that a difference that m
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Einstein thought, there would be lo
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Scientists largely hated this idea,
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If Gamow and Alpher’s work was ri
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Although physicists at the end of t
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In the 19 th century, there was the
Page 59 and 60: In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell publis
Page 61 and 62: The idea of a large central mass at
Page 63 and 64: We know, however, that for a given
Page 65 and 66: whether light is a particle or a wa
Page 67 and 68: is a particle, then the slits would
Page 69 and 70: One of the early results of quantum
Page 71 and 72: eams, we also knew that there were
Page 73 and 74: The hadrons are made up of quarks,
Page 75 and 76: As the meaning of the physics began
Page 77 and 78: The demon is a being with a super-i
Page 79 and 80: ignoring certain elements, we can c
Page 81 and 82: One of the simplest fractal pattern
Page 83 and 84: Earlier, we talked about Thomas Kuh
Page 85 and 86: so greatly separated that no proces
Page 87 and 88: een able to form in that environmen
Page 89 and 90: Nicolson, . Panek, . Our theories
Page 91 and 92: Similarly, James Clerk Maxwell, in
Page 93 and 94: But as we move away from the pole,
Page 95 and 96: Great press has been given to a pot
Page 97 and 98: Some people take the idea of a theo
Page 99 and 100: see from CAT scans that when someon
Page 101 and 102: Because we are just atoms, we, too,
Page 103 and 104: Would the randomness of quantum mec
Page 105 and 106: Aristotle thought that this world i
Page 107 and 108: If you select strange enough traits
Page 109: Although this aspect of the theory
Page 113 and 114: The key to understanding how we pas
Page 115 and 116: This picture of illness is quite di
Page 117 and 118: How much of who we are is determine
Page 119 and 120: inferred that the function of that
Page 121 and 122: a byproduct of mental illness, Freu
Page 123 and 124: With the genetic approach, we are w
Page 125 and 126: After Freud, psychology developed i
Page 127 and 128: experiences that are not our own, t
Page 129 and 130: Behaviorism was an attempt to make
Page 131 and 132: Psychology, which had begun as a se
Page 133 and 134: I th century, psychology had the lu
Page 135 and 136: part, in the group. To understand t
Page 137 and 138: acting in ways that showed a lack o
Page 139 and 140: has learned from the so-called barb
Page 141 and 142: led him to begin one of the most fa
Page 143 and 144: ules. We are now adult in our ethic
Page 145 and 146: In a contract-based relationship, y
Page 147 and 148: The study of psychology changed for
Page 149 and 150: Instead, we are a part of the world
Page 151 and 152: But it turns out that exposure to c
Page 153 and 154: Glickstein, . Lynch, . mean we
Page 155 and 156: But evolutionary psychologists Leda
Page 157 and 158: suited to solving these problems an
Page 159 and 160: As such, when we look at the innate
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In looking at reality, we can exami
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We see this also in the writings of
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one universal is crime. Crime is no
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To avoid such situations of anomie
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Historians create narratives that e
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Society is composed of individuals
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© Digital Vision/Thinkstock.
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The concept of race has long been a
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there are different combinations am
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Perhaps race is what Durkheim calle
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Gould, . Hernnstein and Murray, . K
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Slavery, for example, was a necessa
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Parsons’s picture is not the Marx
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In defeat, the smaller neighbors wo
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Economics became a science with the
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self-interest. Second, the large-sc
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Under the classical model, this sho
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How do we account for these effects
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If the star is large enough, when i
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© amenic181/iStock/Thinkstock.
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What environment on Earth could pro
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The possibility of life on other pl
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Our newfound alien interlocutors te
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Perhaps the best evidence for extra
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Mayor and Frei, . Morrison, Billing
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It has long been argued, however, t
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But the idea of using the body’s
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Although that seems worrisome, it i
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I equally much for how w
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The use of one’s DNA in creating
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With cytoplasmic transfer, the nucl
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Macintosh, . Given that multiple
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we could begin with the desired por
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The second step is trickier. Here,
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Aside from medical uses, we can alt
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We can now use medical technology t
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The problem here is that sometimes
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of disease and disorder. In America
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performance-enhancing drugs? We see
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Advances have led to hand-shaped ap
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Warwick then went a step further. H
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Scientists at MIT have taken DNA fr
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Computers can do many things, but c
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possible right answers. The machine
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player having a king and a pawn and
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If intelligence or sentience is an
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enable us to become a global villag
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engineers used their technological
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Another intriguing development on t
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In these lectures, we’ve seen tha
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leave messages or comments, and whe
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This ability of mothers doesn’t m
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But Einstein showed us that the rea
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Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo. Linked: Th
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———. The Descent of Man: and
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Gilligan, Carol. . Cambridg
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Kramer, Peter. . New York: Viking
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eings that we are willing to act in
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Rothman, Sheila M. Medical Enhance
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———. . London: Century, 2002.
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