The Water Framework Directive and state of Europe's water - WISER
The Water Framework Directive and state of Europe's water - WISER
The Water Framework Directive and state of Europe's water - WISER
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Water</strong> <strong>Framework</strong> <strong>Directive</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>state</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
Europe’s <strong>water</strong><br />
Peter Kristensen, European Environment Agency<br />
Anne Lyche Solheim, Kari Austnes, NIVA
State <strong>of</strong> Europe’s <strong>water</strong>s http://<br />
www.eea.europa.eu/themes/<strong>water</strong><br />
How is it? (Nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals, ecological<br />
quality..............)<br />
How much is there? (Run<strong>of</strong>f, availability, dem<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>Water</strong><br />
Stress.........)<br />
• Time trends<br />
• Getting better or worse?<br />
Pressures on the environment<br />
• Climate change<br />
• Human<br />
• Industrial<br />
• Agricultural<br />
“What is causing the problems?”<br />
State <strong>of</strong> Action on policies<br />
“Are they working towards target?”
Nitrate (mg N/l)<br />
< 0.8<br />
0.8-2<br />
2-3.6<br />
3.6-5.6<br />
5.6-11.3<br />
> 11.3<br />
Nitrate concentration per river basin district<br />
latest year (most RBDs 2008))<br />
See WISE<br />
http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/<strong>water</strong>/mapviewers/soe-ri-ni
Overall trend in river <strong>water</strong> quality<br />
BOD & total ammonium<br />
Nitrate & orthophosphate
2012 will be the European year <strong>of</strong> <strong>water</strong> in which the EU Commission<br />
will publish its “Blue-print to safeguard European<br />
<strong>water</strong>s” comprising reviews <strong>of</strong> the RBMPs, <strong>water</strong> scarcity <strong>and</strong><br />
drought <strong>and</strong> vulnerability <strong>and</strong> adaptation policies.<br />
To accompany <strong>and</strong> inform the Blue-print <strong>and</strong> policy processes<br />
the European Environment Agency (EEA) plans for a 2012<br />
report “State <strong>of</strong> Europe’s <strong>water</strong>”.<br />
RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT<br />
PLANS – REPORTED IN 2010
EEA 2012 State <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> assessment<br />
• 100 pages synthesis/integrated report<br />
• Four thematic assessments (30-60 pages)<br />
• Overview <strong>of</strong> status <strong>and</strong> pressures affecting Europe’s<br />
<strong>water</strong><br />
• Some more detailed sector <strong>and</strong> activities chapters<br />
WFD Article 18: … a review <strong>of</strong> the status <strong>of</strong> surface <strong>water</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
ground<strong>water</strong> in the Community under-taken in coordination with the<br />
European Environment Agency;
170 RBMPs<br />
Other information<br />
Analysis<br />
Baseline (Status <strong>of</strong> <strong>water</strong>s <strong>and</strong><br />
pressures affecting them)<br />
Further assessments – e.g. <strong>water</strong><br />
resource efficiency, <strong>water</strong> accounts,<br />
ecosystem goods <strong>and</strong> services<br />
DG Environment<br />
Blueprint to Safeguard European<br />
<strong>Water</strong>s<br />
WFD implementation<br />
<strong>Water</strong> scarcity &<br />
drought<br />
Climate change &<br />
<strong>water</strong><br />
EEA State <strong>of</strong> European <strong>Water</strong><br />
Synthesis/integrated<br />
<strong>Water</strong> assessment<br />
<strong>The</strong>matic (focused) assessments
Status <strong>of</strong> reporting<br />
• 23 countries have reported data (not all<br />
countries have accepted RBMPs)<br />
• 141 River Basin Districts<br />
• 82 000 river <strong>water</strong> bodies (900 000 km –<br />
average length 11 km)<br />
• 17 000 lake <strong>water</strong> bodies (2/3 in Sweden<br />
<strong>and</strong> Finl<strong>and</strong>)<br />
• 950 transitional <strong>and</strong> 2800 coastal <strong>water</strong><br />
bodies<br />
Preliminary results from analysis <strong>of</strong> 141 RBD reported by<br />
23 EU Member States to the WISE-WFD database
16 coastal <strong>water</strong> bodies (14500 km2)<br />
645 river <strong>water</strong> bodies (11800 km)<br />
89 lake <strong>water</strong> bodies (2000 km2)<br />
Source: Estonian Environmental Review 2009
Ecological status <strong>and</strong> potential<br />
http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/<strong>water</strong>/interactive/soe-wfd/wfd-surface
http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/<strong>water</strong>/interactive/soe-wfd/wfd-surface
RESULTS ON STATUS,<br />
PRESSURES AND IMPACTS
Ecological status/potential - I<br />
Preliminary results from analysis <strong>of</strong> 141 RBD reported by<br />
23 EU Member States to the WISE-WFD database
Ecological status/potential - II<br />
Preliminary results from analysis <strong>of</strong> 141 RBD reported by<br />
23 EU Member States to the WISE-WFD database
10 %<br />
10-30 %<br />
30-50 %<br />
50-70 %<br />
70-90%<br />
> 90 %<br />
Rivers <strong>and</strong> lakes<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>water</strong> bodies<br />
in less than good ecological<br />
status/potential
Transitional <strong>and</strong> coastal <strong>water</strong>s<br />
< 10 %<br />
10-30 %<br />
30-50 %<br />
50-70 %<br />
70-90%<br />
> 90 %<br />
Percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>water</strong> bodies<br />
in less than good ecological<br />
status/potential
Significant pressures<br />
% <strong>of</strong> river WBs (65 000) being affected by pressures<br />
(number <strong>of</strong> Member States)<br />
32 000 rWBs<br />
Preliminary results from analysis <strong>of</strong> 141 RBD reported by<br />
23 EU Member States to the WISE-WFD database
Significant pressures<br />
Lakes<br />
> 50 % without pressures<br />
hydromorphology <strong>and</strong><br />
diffuse pollution<br />
Transitional <strong>water</strong>s<br />
Around 20 % without<br />
pressures<br />
High pollution <strong>and</strong><br />
hydromorphology<br />
pressures<br />
Coastal <strong>water</strong>s<br />
50 % without pressures<br />
Diffuse & point sources<br />
<strong>and</strong> Others pressures<br />
Hydromorphology<br />
pollution<br />
No pressure<br />
0 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %
Ecological status <strong>of</strong> lake WBs without <strong>and</strong><br />
with significant pressures
Impacts<br />
% <strong>of</strong> river WBs being subject to specific impacts<br />
(number <strong>of</strong> Member States)<br />
Preliminary results from analysis <strong>of</strong> 141 RBD reported by<br />
23 EU Member States to the WISE-WFD database
Impacts<br />
Lakes<br />
> 60 % without<br />
impacts<br />
Altered habitats <strong>and</strong><br />
pollution<br />
Transitional <strong>water</strong>s<br />
Around 35 % without<br />
impacts<br />
High pollution <strong>and</strong> altered<br />
habitats<br />
Coastal <strong>water</strong>s<br />
50 % without pressures<br />
40 % Nutrient enrichment<br />
pollution<br />
Hydromorphology<br />
0 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 %
River Ecological status/potential<br />
by population density <strong>of</strong> RBDs<br />
< 15 15-50 50-100 100-200 >200<br />
Population density in RBDs (inh./km2)
Percentage <strong>of</strong> river WBs having no or diffuse<br />
pollution or hydromorphology pressures<br />
No pressures<br />
Diffuse pollution<br />
pressures<br />
Hydromorphology<br />
pressures<br />
Population density in RBDs<br />
< 15 15-50 50-100 100-200 >200
River ecological status & pressures<br />
Ecological status,<br />
by count <strong>of</strong> WBs<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> river WBs<br />
with <strong>and</strong> without pressures
Significant pressures<br />
Pollution pressures<br />
(Diffuse <strong>and</strong> point source)<br />
Hydromorphology pressure<br />
<strong>and</strong> altered habítats
Hydromorphological alteration
TraC ecological status & potential<br />
Transitional <strong>water</strong>s<br />
by count <strong>of</strong> WBs<br />
Coastal <strong>water</strong>s<br />
by count <strong>of</strong> WBs
Finl<strong>and</strong> Environmental objectives<br />
(will be covered by DG Environment)<br />
Source: Keto 2010 at www.vannportalen.no
Implementation <strong>of</strong> measures<br />
Status 2010<br />
Pressures causing<br />
less than good GES/<br />
GEP<br />
Measures Status 2015<br />
Are the proposed measures (PoM) tackling the right pressures?<br />
What will be the status in 2015/21/27 if the PoMs are implemented?<br />
du<br />
m<br />
m<br />
y
Conclusions<br />
• <strong>The</strong> information reported via the RBMPs can<br />
markedly improve the overview <strong>of</strong> status <strong>and</strong><br />
pressures affecting Europe’s <strong>water</strong>.<br />
• More than half <strong>of</strong> surface <strong>water</strong> bodies in<br />
Europe are in less than good ecological status or<br />
potential.<br />
• River <strong>and</strong> transitional <strong>water</strong> bodies are in worse<br />
ecological status/potential than <strong>water</strong> bodies in<br />
lakes <strong>and</strong> coastal <strong>water</strong>s.<br />
• <strong>The</strong> most severe pressures are<br />
hydromorphological pressures causing altered<br />
habitats <strong>and</strong> diffuse pollutant pressures causing<br />
nutrient enrichment.
<strong>WISER</strong> <strong>and</strong> the future <strong>of</strong> WFD<br />
WFD implementation can benefit from the<br />
knowledge <strong>and</strong> tools produced by <strong>WISER</strong>.<br />
<strong>The</strong> scientific community can contribute to a<br />
better underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> the status <strong>and</strong><br />
pressures. I miss you in the evaluation <strong>of</strong><br />
results from the RBMPs<br />
Future <strong>of</strong> <strong>WISER</strong> database: Shared<br />
Environmental Information System principles:<br />
- Keep data at the source, but make them<br />
available for multiple uses<br />
- EEA has a vision <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> is working on an Eye<br />
on Earth portal – producers make information<br />
available <strong>and</strong> the portal ensures users access<br />
to information.
EEA 2012 State <strong>of</strong> <strong>Water</strong> assessment<br />
Mid-February EEA will start stakeholder consultation <strong>of</strong><br />
the draft reports on ecological status <strong>and</strong> pressures <strong>and</strong><br />
hydromorphology. <strong>The</strong> consultation will run until the end<br />
<strong>of</strong> March.<br />
We hope that the <strong>WISER</strong> community will read <strong>and</strong> make<br />
comments <strong>and</strong> input to the draft reports.<br />
Condensed versions <strong>of</strong> the reports will be published over<br />
the year.
Questions? Comments?<br />
Thank you for your attention!