CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide

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CD-ROM Speeds The first CD-ROM drives processed data at roughly150,000 bytes per second (150 KBps), copying the speed from the originalCD-audio format. Although this speed is excellent for listening to music, theCD-ROM industry quickly recognized that installing programs or transferringfiles from a CD-ROM at 150 KBps was the electronic equivalent of watchingpaint dry. Since the day the first CD-ROM drives for PCs hit the market,there has been a desire to speed them up to increase their data throughput.Each increase in speed is measured in multiples of the original 150-KBpsdrives and given an × to show speed relative to the first (1×) drives. Here’s alist of the common CD-ROM speeds, including most of the early speeds thatare no longer produced:CD-R Making CD-ROMs requires specialized, expensive equipment andsubstantial expertise, so a relatively small number of CD-ROM productioncompanies do it. Yet, since the day the first CD-ROMs came to market,demand was high for a way that ordinary PC users could make their ownCDs. The CD industry made a number of attempts to create a technology thatwould let users record, or burn, their own CDs.In the mid-1990s, the CD industry introduced the CD-recordable (CD-R)standard, which enables affordable CD-R drives, often referred to as CDburners, to add data to special CD-R discs. Any CD-ROM drive can thenread the data stored on the CD-R, and all CD-R drives can read regular CD-ROMs. CD-R discs come in two varieties: a 74-minute disc that holdsapproximately 650 MB, and an 80-minute variety that holds approximately700 MB (see Figure 10-52). A CD-R burner must be specifically designed tosupport the longer, 80-minute CD-R format, but most drives you’ll encountercan do this.
Figure 10-52 A CD-R disc, with its capacity clearly labeledCD-R discs function similarly to regular CD-ROMs, although thechemicals used to make them produce a brightly colored recording side onalmost all CD-R discs. CD-ROM discs, in contrast, have a silver data side.CD-R technology records data by using organic dyes embedded into the disc.CD-R burners have a second burn laser, roughly ten times as powerful as theread laser, that heats the organic dye. This causes a change in the reflectivityof the surface, creating the functional equivalent of a CD-ROM’s pits.CD-R drives have two speeds that matter: the record speed and the readspeed, both expressed as multiples of the 150-KBps speed of the original CD-ROM drives. The record speed, which is listed first, is always equal to orslower than the read speed. For example, a CD-R drive with a specification of8×24× would burn at 8× and read at 24×.CD-RW Just as CD-R drives could both burn CD-R discs and read CD-ROMs, a newer type of drive called CD-rewritable (CD-RW) took over theburning market from CD-R drives. Although this drive has its own type ofCD-RW discs, it also can burn to CD-R discs, which are much cheaper.CD-RW technology enables you not only to burn a disc, but to burn overexisting data on a CD-RW disc. The CD-RW format essentially takes CD-
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ABOUT THE AUTHORMichael Meyers is t
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Copyright © 2019 by McGraw-Hill Ed
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To my grandson, William Siegmund Ke
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Chapter 21 The InternetChapter 22 V
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The Computing ProcessThe Computing
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Chapter ReviewQuestionsAnswersChapt
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Supplying DCInstalling and Maintain
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Maintaining and Troubleshooting Har
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Chapter 12 Windows Under the Hood10
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AnswersChapter 15 Working with the
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Application ProblemsApplication Ins
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Chapter 19 Local Area Networking100
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Internet Application Protocols10021
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Hardware/Device ReplacementTroubles
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ScannersCopy and Fax ComponentsAuto
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Implementing Change (Scenario)Disas
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Looking forward to many more.To Dud
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with every day? Seriously, count th
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by the Computing Technology Industr
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CompTIA offers several tracks to pu
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Network Associate (CCNA), plus nume
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Try This! Recommending an OSImagine
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asked how to set up and maintain vi
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Finding a Testing CenterPearson VUE
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their Web site and schedule the exa
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information they must know for the
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• Installing, running, and closin
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Safety and ProfessionalismCHAPTER 1
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Figure 1-1 Casual FordI have a ques
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you an idea of what we are trying t
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Figure 1-3 Don’t do this!It’s f
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rarely felt that technicians I’ve
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down, or do anything else necessary
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Figure 1-4 Never accuse!Follow up w
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this book!Beyond basic manners, nev
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Be Prepared!Effective communication
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prevalent in dry, cool environments
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Although having an antistatic wrist
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speakers in particular, are suscept
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Figure 1-10 Author’s go-to iFixit
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Figure 1-12 What a strange, bad tri
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Troubleshooting MethodologyAn effec
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cover backup options in detail in C
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fundamental understanding of the co
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Figure 1-16 Ford the Tech asks for
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malware is installed so a computer
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and check the records to find other
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C. Document any particularly import
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CHAPTER 2The Visible ComputerIn thi
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calculations. The most common types
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Figure 2-4 A point of sale computer
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Figure 2-5 The Microsoft Windows 10
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Figure 2-7 Monument Valley II game
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(CPU), usually a single, thin wafer
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what makes a good computer technici
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Figure 2-11 PC with common peripher
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Figure 2-13 Inside the system unitF
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Figure 2-16 Tablet computerWe could
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• The OS enables users to determi
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Other visible items are as follows:
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such as Windows Phone, to create a
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Figure 2-21 Windows 8 Start screen
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Figure 2-23 Apps sorted by nameWind
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Figure 2-25 Charms accessed by curs
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interface with an active applicatio
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WINDOWS LOGO KEY + LEFT ARROW or RI
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Figure 2-30 Mission Control button
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Figure 2-33 Ubuntu Linux desktop en
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Figure 2-35 File ExplorerThe defaul
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Figure 2-36 File Explorer viewing M
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Figure 2-38 Mike’s Home directory
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NOTE The Control Panel enables you
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Figure 2-41 Windows 7 System Tools
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Command Line The Windows command-li
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from the big three in Windows 7. Th
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Figure 2-47 Search charm with Contr
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Command Line The command-line inter
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line (cmd.exe) by typing cmd or com
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macOSmacOS has two key launch point
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Figure 2-55 Accessing All SettingsF
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A. CharmsB. DesktopC. Mission Contr
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9. C. Terminal is the equivalent of
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EXAM TIP CompTIA only uses the term
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Imagine that we install a set of 16
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Figure 3-5 Here “1” means on,
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Figure 3-7 CPU codebookIn this code
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wire (most diagrams label the clock
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Figure 3-11 Clock speed printed on
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directly to the CPU’s clock wire,
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decimal number 5 written in binary.
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Figure 3-14 RAM as a spreadsheet•
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Figure 3-16 Extending the EDBWait a
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Figure 3-18 Address busBy turning t
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Well, yes, I am, but not out of mal
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00000000000000001000Hey, wouldn’t
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portable computers. Most of Intel
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companies use code names to keep tr
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Desktop Versus MobileMobile devices
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All modern CPUs run at some multipl
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64-Bit ProcessingOver successive ge
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Parallel ExecutionModern CPUs can p
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part, the arithmetic logic unit (AL
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many times.Pipelining CPUs work fan
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Figure 3-28 CPU-Z displaying the ca
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Figure 3-30 Windows Task Manager wi
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Figure 3-31 CPU-Z showing the cache
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discrete microprocessor that differ
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Everybody calls the NX bit technolo
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EXAM TIP The CompTIA A+ 1001 object
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based motherboards, the sockets hav
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Figure 3-36 Underside and top of a
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Figure 3-38 Fully opened socketAlig
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Figure 3-39 Intel stock heat-sink a
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Figure 3-41 Liquid-cooled CPUSevera
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Figure 3-42 CPU fan power standout
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Figure 3-44 AMD stock heat-sink and
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NOTE Chapter 5, “Firmware,” goe
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Figure 3-47 CMOS-clear jumperTo cle
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result in a system running slowly o
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C. The external data bus provides a
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Answers1. B. The CPU uses registers
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Figure 4-1 Mass storage holds progr
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computers—not just PCs—since th
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So if some of the commands are more
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Figure 4-7 A 72-pin SIMMModern CPUs
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Development of newer, wider, and fa
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RDRAMWhen Intel was developing the
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Figure 4-13 172-pin DDR SDRAM micro
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Figure 4-14 A motherboard showing f
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Figure 4-16 DDR2 DIMM on top of a D
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that can reduce the air conditionin
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Figure 4-17 Double-sided DDR SDRAML
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notice when such a rare event happe
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Working with RAMWhenever people com
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Let’s assume you have a PC with 4
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Figure 4-23 Program B being unloade
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Figure 4-26 Program C is swapped to
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sealed. Today many desktop and lapt
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Figure 4-30 Dedicating a flash driv
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NOTE The freeware CPU-Z program tel
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Your motherboard should detect and
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hard to handle. Wide acceptance of
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memory issues but not necessarily s
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cause an error. Still, you can find
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D. Fetch interval5. How does an NMI
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for the proper slots.)7. A. You can
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We Need to TalkFor a keyboard or a
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Figure 5-4 Ancient 430VX chipset sh
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Figure 5-6 Everything connectingIt
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Figure 5-8 Electronic view of the k
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erased every time you turned off th
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Figure 5-11 Function of the flash R
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needs a place to store all its sett
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Figure 5-14 Gigabyte system setup u
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Figure 5-15 ASUS UEFI system setup
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CPUs, hard drives and optical drive
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Figure 5-20 Boot tabThe Tool tab (s
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Figure 5-22 Information tabThe Conf
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default in BIOS, so if your virtual
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computing. We’ll hit the subject
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EXAM TIP BIOS security-related opti
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drive controller—basically just a
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almost any device for your computer
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codes before and during the video t
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Figure 5-31 POST card in actionPOST
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devices so you can run utilities to
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Figure 5-34 Options for resetting C
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Figure 5-36 Changing shunt location
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booting are slim—but you’ll sti
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NOTE A failed BIOS/UEFI update—wh
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needs BIOS.C. All hardware built in
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4. B. Most likely the device has an
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Figure 6-1 Traces visible beneath t
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EXAM TIP CompTIA A+ 1001 exam objec
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NOTE In case your curiosity has run
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Figure 6-5 Keyboard connector on th
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Figure 6-7 ATX portsThe ATX form fa
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Figure 6-9 A microATX motherboardEX
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Figure 6-10 Mini-ITXOne of the grea
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vary in features, performance, and
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Figure 6-13 Driver disc for ASUS mo
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building a custom rig is selecting
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case, another example (like USB) of
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Figure 6-18 Expansion slots connect
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architecture (see Figure 6-22) in t
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PCI ExpressPCI Express (PCIe) is st
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Figure 6-25 PCIe ×1 slot (top)NOTE
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Optimally, a card should always be
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Figure 6-27 Always secure all cards
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Figure 6-28 Properly seated expansi
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Figure 6-30 Uninstalling a deviceUn
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Figure 6-32 Installation menuDriver
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should open Device Manager and veri
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Figure 6-35 Running Add Hardware Wi
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Figure 6-37 Updating the driverIf y
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Upgrading a motherboard can very qu
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NOTE If you have a motherboard with
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Figure 6-40 Standoff in a case, rea
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Figure 6-41 Motherboard wire connec
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a CPU fan can be a bear of a task,
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nose to lead you to a popped capaci
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Figure 6-43 USB POST card (left) an
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flash ROM chip. Refer to Chapter 5
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7. Solon has a very buggy computer
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CHAPTER 7Power SuppliesIn this chap
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EXAM TIP Some questions on the Comp
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you push too much through, the wire
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Supplying ACEvery PC power supply m
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Figure 7-6 Outlet voltages
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haven’t used one in the past, get
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amperage output is too low, the dev
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telephone line protection (see Figu
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Figure 7-12 Uninterruptible power s
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monitoring and maintenance software
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Figure 7-14 Desktop PSUEXAM TIP The
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Figure 7-16 Molex connectorMini Con
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Chapter 8, “Mass Storage Technolo
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benefits. Soft power prevents a use
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ATX12V standard was the lack of enf
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Figure 7-23 Convertible motherboard
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designed specifically for mini-ITX
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Figure 7-26 Power supply advertisin
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rail power from a PSU may continue
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as simple. Let’s take a look.Inst
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Figure 7-30 On/off switch for an AT
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power supply.Figure 7-32 Power supp
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Figure 7-34 Case fanThe single bigg
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EXAM TIP Missing slot covers can ca
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motherboard, and the manufacturer
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Figure 7-39 Testing one of the 5-V
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PC, making it a rather challenging
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burning inside of it, stop using it
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Chapter ReviewQuestions1. What is t
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C. Sleep modeD. Soft power10. How m
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in modern operating systems.Histori
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Figure 8-2 Read/write heads on actu
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dust or animal hair, and so on.Tech
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devices.SSDs for personal computers
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randomly around the drive, and how
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Figure 8-8 Standardized physical co
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Figure 8-10 PATA cable plugged into
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ATA/ATAPI drives.Serial ATA address
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device—theoretically, up to 30 ti
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Most hard drives sold today are SAT
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AHCICurrent versions of Windows sup
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SCSISATA drives dominate the person
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continue to operate even if the pri
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majority of network servers use a t
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EXAM TIP In preparation for the Com
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NOTE Chapter 9, “Implementing Mas
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Dedicated RAID BoxesMany people add
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cables reach the drive? A quick tes
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Figure 8-26 Drive label showing mas
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configure SATA version/speed (1.5,
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information whenever you installed
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If you want your computer to run, i
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A. 5200B. 7200C. 9200D. Not applica
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2. C. The M.2 (and mSATA) SSD has a
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After you’ve successfully install
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The CPU and operating system never
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EXAM TIP You might see the terms ba
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EXAM TIP Only one master boot recor
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Figure 9-8 GRUB in actionExtended P
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partitioning called dynamic storage
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limited Windows to 128 partitions.
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common situations likely to require
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SIM Check out the excellent Chapter
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Figure 9-14 Drive with four partiti
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file is larger than 4096 bytes, it
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Figure 9-17 Bad blocks markedNOTE H
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Windows finds the first open cluste
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FAT32 is still very much commonly u
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Figure 9-21 Piriform Recuva in acti
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over the hard drive to retrieve a s
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defragment an NTFS partition, you
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Figure 9-25 Hard drive quotas in Wi
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bigger in capacity, however, the fi
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You cannot follow the procedure in
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Partitioning and Formatting with th
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Figure 9-29 Disk Management showing
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The Disk Management utility is the
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Figure 9-32 Unknown drive in Disk M
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properly with the computer.• Offl
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tool, diskpart, offers options not
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Figure 9-37 Turning on compressionD
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Figure 9-38 Converting to a dynamic
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Figure 9-40 Simple volumesSpanning
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Figure 9-42 The Extend Volume Wizar
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without using dynamic disks. You ca
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Figure 9-45 Selecting a new mirror
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While partitions and volumes can be
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one partition into two, you need to
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blocks and is a handy option when y
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Figure 9-52 Formatted drives reveal
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mirror array, so you can lose one o
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addressing. A block is one step abo
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Figure 9-54 The Tools tab in the Pr
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—or defrag—your drives as part
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Figure 9-57 Mike’s Recycle BinEve
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1001Troubleshooting Hard Drive Impl
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moment you try to do something with
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or any service technician can do to
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on individual drives. There are a c
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examples: Avanquest Partition Comma
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The answer is easy—the folks at G
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5. Jaime wishes to check her hard d
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CHAPTER 10Essential PeripheralsIn t
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the CompTIA A+ 1001 exam. Just reme
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• USB 3.0 is capable of speeds of
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Figure 10-5 Shared USB ports for 1.
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Figure 10-8 USB 3.0 ports (left) an
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device involved. If you have a USB
Page 632 and 633: USB ConfigurationThe biggest troubl
Page 634 and 635: USB, FireWire went through a few it
Page 636 and 637: see if the port’s been turned off
Page 638 and 639: a PC. All modern operating systems
Page 640 and 641: correspond to ctrl and alt; the com
Page 642 and 643: probably useless with the stuck key
Page 644 and 645: Figure 10-21 Cleaning an optical mo
Page 646 and 647: Figure 10-23 Training Windows Hello
Page 648 and 649: commands or text. Apple, Microsoft,
Page 650 and 651: Touch ScreensA touch screen is a mo
Page 652 and 653: Figure 10-29 A typical KVM switchTo
Page 654 and 655: Figure 10-31 A joystickGame control
Page 656 and 657: skies, or the streets, or wherever
Page 658 and 659: Figure 10-34 Drawing with a digitiz
Page 660 and 661: Figure 10-35 Secure Digital cardCon
Page 662 and 663: Figure 10-38 Video chatting by webc
Page 664 and 665: two tracks (stereo). More advanced
Page 666 and 667: Microsoft’s first OS, DOS.The bea
Page 668 and 669: used to connect to an external devi
Page 670 and 671: Figure 10-43 A standard microphoneN
Page 672 and 673: A video is two or more separate tra
Page 674 and 675: Flash MemoryFlash memory, the same
Page 676 and 677: Figure 10-48 CF cardSecure Digital
Page 678 and 679: are critical for figuring out wheth
Page 680 and 681: Figure 10-51 USB card readerWhichev
Page 684 and 685: media to the functional equivalent
Page 686 and 687: Figure 10-55 Typical DVD-videoThe s
Page 688 and 689: up to 25 GB (single-layer disc), 50
Page 690 and 691: Figure 10-58 CD-RW, DVD, and BD-R d
Page 692 and 693: A. The bus speed stays constant, bu
Page 694 and 695: 2. C. The bus speed decreases becau
Page 696 and 697: Prerequisites to BuildingIn a typic
Page 698 and 699: system? What about the customer’s
Page 700 and 701: Table 11-1 shows the minimum hardwa
Page 702 and 703: purpose systems, like point-of-sale
Page 704 and 705: smoothly. Many desktop computers ca
Page 706 and 707: EXAM TIP Standalone sound cards are
Page 708 and 709: Audio Editing WorkstationsThe requi
Page 710 and 711: (NAS) device to dish out files and
Page 712 and 713: Figure 11-7 Media streaming turned
Page 714 and 715: Figure 11-9 Streaming with iTunesHa
Page 716 and 717: NOTE This section explores the inst
Page 718 and 719: EXAM TIP The CompTIA A+ 1002 object
Page 720 and 721: Clean InstallationA clean installat
Page 722 and 723: Before you begin an upgrade of Wind
Page 724 and 725: NOTE When configuring a computer fo
Page 726 and 727: Figure 11-15 Image deployment over
Page 728 and 729: Figure 11-16 Windows 64-bit or 32-b
Page 730 and 731: Figure 11-18 The Windows setup welc
Page 732 and 733:
Figure 11-20 Choosing the edition o
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Figure 11-22 Choose your installati
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the oh-so-irritating Cortana to hel
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Figure 11-25 Choosing a user nameMi
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for a piece of software, don’t yo
Page 742 and 743:
Figure 11-28 Setting up PXE in syst
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Troubleshooting Installation Proble
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logs.2. Identify the specific log f
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to be a lemon.Restoring User Data F
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about the process, so there’s not
Page 752 and 753:
EXAM TIP Professional hard drive di
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disposed of in the right way. Safel
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You can tighten up privacy settings
Page 758 and 759:
C. Service packD. Service release10
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without it.Every version of Windows
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This root key combines class object
Page 764 and 765:
To describe the location of a speci
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Windows includes a couple of comman
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NOTE If you work with Windows long
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Figure 12-5 Task Manager in Windows
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Figure 12-6 Processes tab in Window
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Figure 12-8 Processes tab with more
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Figure 12-10 Processes detail on ri
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Figure 12-11 Process priorityMessin
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Figure 12-12 Turning off affinity t
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Figure 12-14 Process ExplorerThink
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EXAM TIP You can open the Services
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EXAM TIP You can start any service
Page 788 and 789:
issue.Figure 12-19 CPU usageNetwork
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Services, and Users tabs all still
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processes running.Beyond these chan
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Figure 12-23 Processes tab with mul
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Figure 12-25 App history tab in Win
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Figure 12-27 Users tab in Windows 8
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Because I was already in the comman
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Beyond that, each tab brings subtle
Page 804 and 805:
Figure 12-32 Blank Performance Moni
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Figure 12-34 Sample reportEXAM TIP
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Figure 12-35 Component Services in
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Questions1. What is the name of the
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Answers1. C. On Windows machines, b
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section describes methods for shari
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accounts (tied to a specific comput
Page 818 and 819:
NOTE Every secure organization sets
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just a single user account. You can
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• Type lusrmgr.msc in the search
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Figure 13-5 Default groupsLet’s a
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Figure 13-7 Creating the Morning gr
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Figure 13-9 Adding a new userManagi
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Figure 13-12 Accounts screen in Win
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Figure 13-14 Options for a new acco
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Figure 13-16 Accounts app homeThe A
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Figure 13-18 User Accounts in Windo
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ownership. Owners can do anything t
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• Full Control Enables you to do
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Execute permissions (see Figure 13-
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Figure 13-23 Special permissionsPer
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EXAM TIP Current versions of Window
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• Everyone Permissions for anyone
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chmod <permissions> <filename>Using
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but they are not visible by default
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remove them and edit existing NTFS
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two choices for permissions to give
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Locating Shared FoldersBefore you w
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To encrypt a file or folder takes s
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Figure 13-34 Selecting encryptionAs
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NOTE As of Windows 10 BitLocker can
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Figure 13-36 Local Security Policy
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When picking the poster child for t
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Figure 13-40 The danger of administ
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action—thus, the infamous UAC dia
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Figure 13-44 Shield icons in User A
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Figure 13-46 Change User Account Co
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has a place on everyone’s compute
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B. Place the files in the Public Sh
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Maintaining and OptimizingOperating
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only for Windows. Both macOS and Li
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Windows Update checks your system,
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Figure 14-3 Hiding an updateWindows
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Figure 14-5 Windows 7 Windows Updat
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Figure 14-8 Windows 10 Windows Upda
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Figure 14-9 App Store update option
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A+ 1002 exam because the objectives
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Figure 14-12 CCleaner Registry Clea
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Figure 14-13 Error checking in Wind
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you need to error check your disk,
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Figure 14-16 Conditions tab in Wind
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all.) The OS runs scans late at nig
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A lot of software loads when you bo
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• Tools This tab lists many of th
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Users & Groups in macOSIn the Users
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Microsoft includes a couple of hand
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checking your video card that Chapt
Page 919 and 920:
Figure 14-26 Device Manager as a sn
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potential impact could installing t
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Figure 14-29 Installation UACShould
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Figure 14-31 Microsoft StoreInstall
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Figure 14-33 Linux store optionsBut
Page 929 and 930:
applet in Control Panel (see Figure
Page 931 and 932:
For all other macOS apps, removing
Page 933 and 934:
processes you read about specifical
Page 935 and 936:
Figure 14-40 Adding a device in Win
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Figure 14-41 Windows 10 Performance
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Data Execution Prevention (DEP) wor
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Figure 14-44 What do you want to ba
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Figure 14-46 Showing some of a sing
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drive, I suppose, but what would be
Page 948 and 949:
users store all personal documents.
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yourself needing to roll back a Win
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Figure 14-53 System Restore setting
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4. What tool enables you to correct
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storage devices, such as HDDs and S
Page 958 and 959:
The command prompt is popular for m
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Windows shell is Command. On macOS
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and press ENTER.Figure 15-2 The Win
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EXAM TIP Spotlight (or Spot Light,
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In Windows, if you see a prompt tha
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Figure 15-6 File association in Fil
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“Running a Program in Windows”
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macOS and Linux prompts show your f
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almost completely inflexible, so yo
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NOTE Some commands give you the sam
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We’ll discuss this output in more
Page 980 and 981:
OS on which everyone depended.In th
Page 982 and 983:
Try inserting an optical disc or a
Page 984 and 985:
NOTE Make sure that the prompt poin
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on rm a little later in the chapter
Page 988 and 989:
Figure 15-10 Running mmc in Windows
Page 990 and 991:
see in black and white print!). The
Page 992 and 993:
Because you probably don’t have a
Page 994 and 995:
Wildcards in macOS and Linux work b
Page 996 and 997:
To delete all of the files in a dir
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C:\Users\mike\Jedi>copy3. Type note
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many years ago as an add-on tool fo
Page 1002 and 1003:
The chkdsk (checkdisk) command scan
Page 1004 and 1005:
gpupdateGroup policies define vario
Page 1006 and 1007:
Figure 15-15 Checking sfc options w
Page 1008 and 1009:
some amazing tasks. Figure 15-16 sh
Page 1010 and 1011:
macOS and Linux use special terms t
Page 1012 and 1013:
as it has two totally different typ
Page 1014 and 1015:
together:Note that grep shows us a
Page 1016 and 1017:
If apt-get finds any out-of-date pa
Page 1018 and 1019:
Figure 15-18 vi with textTo save yo
Page 1020 and 1021:
stand for “Disk Destroyer.” Thi
Page 1022 and 1023:
appropriate file extension will dep
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languages (but they have many other
Page 1026 and 1027:
computer to remember the value by n
Page 1028 and 1029:
good idea, even if you don’t expe
Page 1030 and 1031:
Figure 15-19 Environment variables
Page 1032 and 1033:
A. helpB. ?C. manD. /?7. Which of t
Page 1034 and 1035:
CHAPTER 16Troubleshooting Operating
Page 1036 and 1037:
Figure 16-1 If you see this screen,
Page 1038 and 1039:
days old, you know it might have su
Page 1040 and 1041:
before you have problems. Go to Con
Page 1042 and 1043:
Figure 16-5 Download Windows 10 pag
Page 1044 and 1045:
Figure 16-7 Recovery Environment ma
Page 1046 and 1047:
Figure 16-9 WinRE Advanced options
Page 1048 and 1049:
• Restores critical system and dr
Page 1050 and 1051:
Figure 16-12 Windows Error Recovery
Page 1052 and 1053:
you are attempting to fix a Windows
Page 1054 and 1055:
Figure 16-15 Additional restore opt
Page 1056 and 1057:
For image recovery in Windows 10, m
Page 1058 and 1059:
Figure 16-20 Windows Memory Diagnos
Page 1060 and 1061:
NOTE You can find out more about Me
Page 1062 and 1063:
To make changes to the BCD store, y
Page 1064 and 1065:
up at boot.Figure 16-22 bootmgr sho
Page 1066 and 1067:
utility autochk runs after a reboot
Page 1068 and 1069:
Figure 16-23 Login screenSeveral is
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Buggy video drivers can result in a
Page 1072 and 1073:
reg prompt. From there, you have nu
Page 1074 and 1075:
utility, and then click the Boot ta
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Enable Low-Resolution VideoSelectin
Page 1078 and 1079:
You have two options to rebuild a p
Page 1080 and 1081:
Reboot the computer and log in as t
Page 1082 and 1083:
systems.Keep in mind that Event Vie
Page 1084 and 1085:
Figure 16-33 Created custom ViewsNO
Page 1086 and 1087:
Autoloading ProgramsWindows loves t
Page 1088 and 1089:
Figure 16-37 Autostarting a service
Page 1090 and 1091:
System Restore is the final step in
Page 1092 and 1093:
Figure 16-39 Printer troubleshootin
Page 1094 and 1095:
Figure 16-41 Security and Maintenan
Page 1096 and 1097:
Security and Maintenance/Action Cen
Page 1098 and 1099:
Figure 16-43 Apps & features in Set
Page 1100 and 1101:
Problems with UninstallingThe singl
Page 1102 and 1103:
Figure 16-47 Compatibility mode opt
Page 1104 and 1105:
or other files to Windows, overwrit
Page 1106 and 1107:
Figure 16-49 Repair and Reset optio
Page 1108 and 1109:
Figure 16-50 Previous Versions tab
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Figure 16-51 System Protection tabN
Page 1112 and 1113:
D. System Refresh4. What can device
Page 1114 and 1115:
8. D. Jane should use the Windows M
Page 1116 and 1117:
Figure 17-1 Typical monitor and vid
Page 1118 and 1119:
image darker. That’s why many sun
Page 1120 and 1121:
Figure 17-4 Liquid crystal molecule
Page 1122 and 1123:
Figure 17-7 LCD pixelsOnce all of t
Page 1124 and 1125:
Figure 17-9 An LCD matrix of wiresI
Page 1126 and 1127:
Figure 17-12 LCD componentsLCD Pane
Page 1128 and 1129:
LED backlighting. The drawback is t
Page 1130 and 1131:
change the aspect ratio of many mon
Page 1132 and 1133:
Figure 17-16 Narrow versus wide vie
Page 1134 and 1135:
decisions on LCD screens.Color Dept
Page 1136 and 1137:
Figure 17-18 CRT projectorGiven tha
Page 1138 and 1139:
Figure 17-20 Projector throw variat
Page 1140 and 1141:
the streets of Paris from the comfo
Page 1142 and 1143:
translated into practical terms, li
Page 1144 and 1145:
Type-C connectors and cables lack T
Page 1146 and 1147:
Figure 17-28 DVI-to-VGA adapterAlte
Page 1148 and 1149:
stand for mounting two monitors sid
Page 1150 and 1151:
Figure 17-33 USB ports on monitorDi
Page 1152 and 1153:
CRT days). Plus, almost every syste
Page 1154 and 1155:
NOTE Many video cards come with a d
Page 1156 and 1157:
Figure 17-38 Wide path between vide
Page 1158 and 1159:
for system memory, cache memory, an
Page 1160 and 1161:
NOTE The installation steps in this
Page 1162 and 1163:
DriversJust like any other piece of
Page 1164 and 1165:
Figure 17-43 Vertically stacked mon
Page 1166 and 1167:
Figure 17-45 More Display Settings
Page 1168 and 1169:
Figure 17-47 My editor hard at work
Page 1170 and 1171:
Figure 17-49 Properties dialog box
Page 1172 and 1173:
Figure 17-51 Personalization Settin
Page 1174 and 1175:
Figure 17-53 Personalization applet
Page 1176 and 1177:
Figure 17-55 Dock optionsDifferent
Page 1178 and 1179:
information about the card, but the
Page 1180 and 1181:
3-D GraphicsNo other area in comput
Page 1182 and 1183:
seriously taxing the 486s and early
Page 1184 and 1185:
stores a number of image files call
Page 1186 and 1187:
Although they might accomplish the
Page 1188 and 1189:
• www.hardocp.com• www.tomshard
Page 1190 and 1191:
Figure 17-65 Serious video problemB
Page 1192 and 1193:
require internal adjustment. This i
Page 1194 and 1195:
Figure 17-66 Changing the size of t
Page 1196 and 1197:
cool off before you work on it. Aft
Page 1198 and 1199:
Figure 17-67 Example of a chromatic
Page 1200 and 1201:
research the compatibility of your
Page 1202 and 1203:
A. BacklightsB. InverterC. LampD. L
Page 1204 and 1205:
6. B. You’ll typically see video
Page 1206 and 1207:
asked, would say, “surf the Inter
Page 1208 and 1209:
special software capable of sending
Page 1210 and 1211:
a resource. The goal of networking,
Page 1212 and 1213:
Frames and NICsData is moved from o
Page 1214 and 1215:
The many varieties of frame share c
Page 1216 and 1217:
communicate just fine.Most modern E
Page 1218 and 1219:
Figure 18-9 A switchHubs and switch
Page 1220 and 1221:
Figure 18-10 Cable markings for Cat
Page 1222 and 1223:
Figure 18-12 RJ-45 pin numbersPlenu
Page 1224 and 1225:
as a quick way to connect two compu
Page 1226 and 1227:
EXAM TIP There are a number of Ethe
Page 1228 and 1229:
Figure 18-15 BNC connectorFigure 18
Page 1230 and 1231:
EXAM TIP For the CompTIA A+ exams,
Page 1232 and 1233:
NOTE A structured cabling system is
Page 1234 and 1235:
Figure 18-20 Horizontal cabling and
Page 1236 and 1237:
Figure 18-21 Solid and stranded cor
Page 1238 and 1239:
Figure 18-23 A floor-to-ceiling rac
Page 1240 and 1241:
Figure 18-25 Typical patch panelsTh
Page 1242 and 1243:
network tech’s best friend! Simpl
Page 1244 and 1245:
Figure 18-30 Typical patch cableRol
Page 1246 and 1247:
Figure 18-32 Properly stripped cabl
Page 1248 and 1249:
Figure 18-34 Crimping the cableFigu
Page 1250 and 1251:
Figure 18-36 Adding a bootAfter mak
Page 1252 and 1253:
Figure 18-38 Typical work area outl
Page 1254 and 1255:
is the Internet.Figure 18-40 Two br
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D. SC, ST, or LC7. Microsoft Intern
Page 1258 and 1259:
CHAPTER 19Local Area NetworkingIn t
Page 1260 and 1261:
simple protocols into groups, calle
Page 1262 and 1263:
“255,” the class system is long
Page 1264 and 1265:
Figure 19-2 Typical SOHO routerA ro
Page 1266 and 1267:
Figure 19-4 Domain name serviceThe
Page 1268 and 1269:
Figure 19-5 IP settings on a Window
Page 1270 and 1271:
the default gateway and .2 through
Page 1272 and 1273:
Figure 19-7 WAN conceptFigure 19-8
Page 1274 and 1275:
Figure 19-9 The ping command’s sy
Page 1276 and 1277:
Figure 19-10 An ipconfig/ all comma
Page 1278 and 1279:
techs absolutely love the tool. Typ
Page 1280 and 1281:
Figure 19-13 Setting up IP4. Enter
Page 1282 and 1283:
Network Addressing with IPv6When th
Page 1284 and 1285:
First, leading zeros can be dropped
Page 1286 and 1287:
Figure 19-14 Link-local address in
Page 1288 and 1289:
NOTE A router solicitation message
Page 1290 and 1291:
Installing and Configuring a Wired
Page 1292 and 1293:
think a system is disconnected from
Page 1294 and 1295:
should know that a solid green ligh
Page 1296 and 1297:
enabling networking hardware to tre
Page 1298 and 1299:
Figure 19-23 Managed switch interfa
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you must set both the network permi
Page 1302 and 1303:
Figure 19-25 Changing the workgroup
Page 1304 and 1305:
Figure 19-26 Windows logon screenNO
Page 1306 and 1307:
who created the folder is assigned
Page 1308 and 1309:
Figure 19-29 Advanced Sharing dialo
Page 1310 and 1311:
NTFS permissions, Deny always trump
Page 1312 and 1313:
very pretty way to protect user nam
Page 1314 and 1315:
NOTE Even though a computer is on a
Page 1316 and 1317:
Figure 19-36 Domain logon screenWhe
Page 1318 and 1319:
Figure 19-38 Active Directory Users
Page 1320 and 1321:
Figure 19-40 Removing a computer fr
Page 1322 and 1323:
Figure 19-42 Adding a new domain ac
Page 1324 and 1325:
Figure 19-44 Adding a logon script
Page 1326 and 1327:
Figure 19-45 totalhome.local domain
Page 1328 and 1329:
Figure 19-46 Default HomeGroup dial
Page 1330 and 1331:
Figure 19-48 The homegroup’s pass
Page 1332 and 1333:
EXAM TIP Remember that homegroups s
Page 1334 and 1335:
Figure 19-52 The Share with menuNot
Page 1336 and 1337:
NOTE To learn about accessing share
Page 1338 and 1339:
Figure 19-54 Windows 7 red X error
Page 1340 and 1341:
a loopback test. A loopback test se
Page 1342 and 1343:
TonersIt would be nice to say that
Page 1344 and 1345:
To trace a cable, connect the tone
Page 1346 and 1347:
The net use command is a command-li
Page 1348 and 1349:
Because the cache is temporary, you
Page 1350 and 1351:
computers?A. net sendB. show net_se
Page 1352 and 1353:
CHAPTER 20Wireless NetworkingIn thi
Page 1354 and 1355:
Figure 20-2 Wireless PCIe add-on ca
Page 1356 and 1357:
Figure 20-4 Smartphone with wireles
Page 1358 and 1359:
both power and a network connection
Page 1360 and 1361:
access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA
Page 1362 and 1363:
in direct contact with every other
Page 1364 and 1365:
as Internet connections and central
Page 1366 and 1367:
all—except on a CompTIA A+ exam q
Page 1368 and 1369:
vulnerable to attack. Although WEP
Page 1370 and 1371:
Let’s say you want to connect a W
Page 1372 and 1373:
Wireless Networking StandardsMost w
Page 1374 and 1375:
11 Mbps (with actual throughput ave
Page 1376 and 1377:
802.11x.Table 20-1 Comparison of 80
Page 1378 and 1379:
NOTE Apple and Linux computers also
Page 1380 and 1381:
some devices (such as a Bluetooth h
Page 1382 and 1383:
Ad Hoc ModeAd hoc mode wireless net
Page 1384 and 1385:
Most consumer WAPs have an integrat
Page 1386 and 1387:
analyzer to find the “quietest”
Page 1388 and 1389:
—the usual choices are either 64-
Page 1390 and 1391:
password can offer. Their networks
Page 1392 and 1393:
Figure 20-19 Changing the channelWi
Page 1394 and 1395:
use—anything within the signal ra
Page 1396 and 1397:
It’s a Polarizing Issue Antennas
Page 1398 and 1399:
Figure 20-23 Goggle Nexus receiving
Page 1400 and 1401:
Figure 20-24 macOS Bluetooth PAN co
Page 1402 and 1403:
As with any troubleshooting scenari
Page 1404 and 1405:
By the time you unpack your new WAP
Page 1406 and 1407:
Figure 20-26 Windows 10’s wireles
Page 1408 and 1409:
A. Hi-EncryptB. WEPC. WPAD. WPA23.
Page 1410 and 1411:
4. A. In ad hoc mode networks, all
Page 1412 and 1413:
How the Internet WorksThanks to the
Page 1414 and 1415:
Figure 21-2 Message traveling from
Page 1416 and 1417:
Figure 21-4 Electric Power Board (E
Page 1418 and 1419:
in Chapter 19. Wireless connections
Page 1420 and 1421:
Figure 21-7 Modem converting analog
Page 1422 and 1423:
Figure 21-9 A USB modemDial-Up Netw
Page 1424 and 1425:
then hear someone saying, “Hello?
Page 1426 and 1427:
house to install the DSL receiver,
Page 1428 and 1429:
in modern networking. Both DSL and
Page 1430 and 1431:
the Internet. Wireless access point
Page 1432 and 1433:
Figure 21-16 iPhone connecting over
Page 1434 and 1435:
NOTE LTE has become synonymous with
Page 1436 and 1437:
SatelliteSatellite connections to t
Page 1438 and 1439:
Figure 21-19 Common SOHO router wit
Page 1440 and 1441:
Figure 21-21 Configuration home pag
Page 1442 and 1443:
most people, but for some home user
Page 1444 and 1445:
Figure 21-24 Firmware update pageIn
Page 1446 and 1447:
Figure 21-25 A secure Web pageIn or
Page 1448 and 1449:
Refer to Chapter 19 if you need a r
Page 1450 and 1451:
other settings. Although all Web br
Page 1452 and 1453:
Figure 21-28 The Security tab in In
Page 1454 and 1455:
explaining the options available to
Page 1456 and 1457:
Configuring Other Web BrowsersI wan
Page 1458 and 1459:
Figure 21-31 Google Chrome Settings
Page 1460 and 1461:
sending and receiving stuff and thu
Page 1462 and 1463:
Figure 21-33 Windows 10 MailFile Tr
Page 1464 and 1465:
Figure 21-35 The Cyberduck FTP prog
Page 1466 and 1467:
every desk? Why not just use the ex
Page 1468 and 1469:
ever-handy ping, so try this!1. Run
Page 1470 and 1471:
Figure 21-39 Windows Remote Desktop
Page 1472 and 1473:
Figure 21-40 Creating a Remote Assi
Page 1474 and 1475:
Figure 21-41 VPN connecting compute
Page 1476 and 1477:
Figure 21-43 Endpoints must have th
Page 1478 and 1479:
Figure 21-45 VPN connection in Wind
Page 1480 and 1481:
something is, the more quickly flow
Page 1482 and 1483:
SNMP. The third, SMB, is more commo
Page 1484 and 1485:
Home Automation: ThermostatsYou can
Page 1486 and 1487:
Figure 21-50 Controlling lighting o
Page 1488 and 1489:
devices.Setting up these personal a
Page 1490 and 1491:
1. Can you get to other Web sites?
Page 1492 and 1493:
unavailable resources, such as no a
Page 1494 and 1495:
Figure 21-55 No WAN connectionSlow
Page 1496 and 1497:
Figure 21-56 QoSBeyond A+The areas
Page 1498 and 1499:
Figure 21-58 My editor playing Worl
Page 1500 and 1501:
C. 80 = HTTPSD. 22 = SSH8. What opt
Page 1502 and 1503:
CHAPTER 22VirtualizationIn this cha
Page 1504 and 1505:
Before virtualization, each OS need
Page 1506 and 1507:
Figure 22-2 Saving a snapshotEXAM T
Page 1508 and 1509:
Figure 22-4 Supervisor on a generic
Page 1510 and 1511:
Figure 22-6 Author’s busy VMware
Page 1512 and 1513:
Figure 22-9 Parallels DesktopThis i
Page 1514 and 1515:
Figure 22-10 Super Nintendo emulato
Page 1516 and 1517:
• Leave enough RAM for the hyperv
Page 1518 and 1519:
can “virtually” network them. D
Page 1520 and 1521:
with a switch. The answer is actual
Page 1522 and 1523:
Figure 22-15 Installing Hyper-V in
Page 1524 and 1525:
Figure 22-17 Creating a new VM in O
Page 1526 and 1527:
Figure 22-19 Setting the virtual dr
Page 1528 and 1529:
Figure 22-21 Fedora Workstation run
Page 1530 and 1531:
Server-Side VirtualizationWhen it c
Page 1532 and 1533:
Figure 22-24 Web interface for ESXi
Page 1534 and 1535:
handle on how it increases flexibil
Page 1536 and 1537:
on a single server that was also ho
Page 1538 and 1539:
Dropbox, Gmail, and Facebook, which
Page 1540 and 1541:
Figure 22-30 Amazon Simple Storage
Page 1542 and 1543:
Figure 22-31 Heroku’s management
Page 1544 and 1545:
EXAM TIP Know the differences betwe
Page 1546 and 1547:
Sometimes we can have our cake and
Page 1548 and 1549:
Resource PoolingAny time you can co
Page 1550 and 1551:
successes in getting people to move
Page 1552 and 1553:
D. Network as a Service8. Powerful
Page 1554 and 1555:
CHAPTER 23Portable ComputingIn this
Page 1556 and 1557:
Figure 23-1 An older notebook compu
Page 1558 and 1559:
(right)• Gaming laptops, which te
Page 1560 and 1561:
functional keyboard and a device to
Page 1562 and 1563:
surface to move the pointer, and ta
Page 1564 and 1565:
see everything I click or type, but
Page 1566 and 1567:
device that would operate unplugged
Page 1568 and 1569:
DisplayMost laptops support a secon
Page 1570 and 1571:
EXAM TIP The CompTIA A+ 1001 exam o
Page 1572 and 1573:
life.Figure 23-13 Wireless switchEX
Page 1574 and 1575:
Figure 23-15 34-mm and 54-mm Expres
Page 1576 and 1577:
Figure 23-16 Devices attached to US
Page 1578 and 1579:
clean up unwanted files. That said,
Page 1580 and 1581:
true! See if you can find one in yo
Page 1582 and 1583:
power is restored after an outage.O
Page 1584 and 1585:
power plan optionsNOTE While you ca
Page 1586 and 1587:
the Change advanced power settings
Page 1588 and 1589:
Figure 23-26 Offline Files dialog b
Page 1590 and 1591:
fail on laptops, causing overheatin
Page 1592 and 1593:
ShippingMuch of the storage and tra
Page 1594 and 1595:
and the shrinking size of portable
Page 1596 and 1597:
Now that you have the official line
Page 1598 and 1599:
Figure 23-31 Some of the Dell lapto
Page 1600 and 1601:
has, so the computer uses the page
Page 1602 and 1603:
removable batteries! Failure to dis
Page 1604 and 1605:
NOTE If you have a newer portable,
Page 1606 and 1607:
Figure 23-37 Inserting a replacemen
Page 1608 and 1609:
need to hunt down the part number u
Page 1610 and 1611:
Figure 23-39 CPU heat-sink and fan
Page 1612 and 1613:
display needs to happen. These are
Page 1614 and 1615:
device receives power, the outlet i
Page 1616 and 1617:
inconsistent reboots, graphical gli
Page 1618 and 1619:
Wireless Devices (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
Page 1620 and 1621:
are prone to unseating from any phy
Page 1622 and 1623:
D. Store them in a cool, dry place.
Page 1624 and 1625:
B. The laptop uses a CRT display.C.
Page 1626 and 1627:
Windows, macOS, or some Linux distr
Page 1628 and 1629:
Figure 24-1 RIM BlackBerry (courtes
Page 1630 and 1631:
large smartphones (without the phon
Page 1632 and 1633:
and media use, purpose-built e-read
Page 1634 and 1635:
body, and more sophisticated fitnes
Page 1636 and 1637:
Figure 24-9 VR headset/player (who
Page 1638 and 1639:
Mobile Hardware FeaturesMuch of the
Page 1640 and 1641:
When electrical engineers talk abou
Page 1642 and 1643:
Figure 24-13 Find My iPhone appStan
Page 1644 and 1645:
Figure 24-14 Turning off LocationEX
Page 1646 and 1647:
open standards. The terms are relat
Page 1648 and 1649:
Apple’s closed-source mobile oper
Page 1650 and 1651:
Figure 24-16 Android 8 (Oreo)Androi
Page 1652 and 1653:
ship devices preloaded with launche
Page 1654 and 1655:
Virtual assistants can also be usef
Page 1656 and 1657:
AMBER Alerts. Many of these emergen
Page 1658 and 1659:
Figure 24-19 Airplane mode enabled
Page 1660 and 1661:
the battery compartment of the mobi
Page 1662 and 1663:
Figure 24-21 IMEI and ICCID numbers
Page 1664 and 1665:
Figure 24-22 Configuring a VPNAn SS
Page 1666 and 1667:
areas of importance to techs. First
Page 1668 and 1669:
Figure 24-25 Apple Keynote on an iP
Page 1670 and 1671:
Figure 24-28 ASUS proprietary power
Page 1672 and 1673:
steps to set up a tablet with a Blu
Page 1674 and 1675:
32).Figure 24-32 Searching for Monu
Page 1676 and 1677:
store many non-Apple credentials as
Page 1678 and 1679:
Figure 24-34 Selecting the Settings
Page 1680 and 1681:
After you connect to a network succ
Page 1682 and 1683:
Figure 24-36 Passwords & Accounts s
Page 1684 and 1685:
primary account, so you’ll find G
Page 1686 and 1687:
process, the CompTIA A+ 1001 object
Page 1688 and 1689:
Synchronize to the AutomobileAutomo
Page 1690 and 1691:
You are at the mercy of the securit
Page 1692 and 1693:
need a 2.4-GHz CPU with two or more
Page 1694 and 1695:
proprietary vendor-specific ports a
Page 1696 and 1697:
Figure 24-43 Prompting for PINEXAM
Page 1698 and 1699:
Figure 24-44 Magnetic credit card r
Page 1700 and 1701:
connection and turn on an additiona
Page 1702 and 1703:
EXAM TIP Removable batteries can us
Page 1704 and 1705:
the options to enable the device.D.
Page 1706 and 1707:
9. C. To connect an Android-based t
Page 1708 and 1709:
happen across all varieties, types,
Page 1710 and 1711:
All of the mobile operating systems
Page 1712 and 1713:
On mobile devices, the term soft re
Page 1714 and 1715:
output. If it doesn’t, there may
Page 1716 and 1717:
manufacturer and remove and replace
Page 1718 and 1719:
NOTE This section details reasons a
Page 1720 and 1721:
can be a big clue. Use the recommen
Page 1722 and 1723:
Figure 25-4 Battery usage for a sma
Page 1724 and 1725:
location services, some small diffe
Page 1726 and 1727:
Frozen SystemWhile a mobile device
Page 1728 and 1729:
which one may actually be muting th
Page 1730 and 1731:
Figure 25-5 Option to disable cellu
Page 1732 and 1733:
Typically, a warning message will i
Page 1734 and 1735:
For an e-mail message to be secure,
Page 1736 and 1737:
A profile is a collection of config
Page 1738 and 1739:
scratch across the lens! You’ll g
Page 1740 and 1741:
and work on all the devices used in
Page 1742 and 1743:
and symptoms of malware infections.
Page 1744 and 1745:
25-12).Figure 25-12 Selecting items
Page 1746 and 1747:
something the user either is or som
Page 1748 and 1749:
Figure 25-14 Face ID optionsAuthent
Page 1750 and 1751:
from unapproved or unofficial sourc
Page 1752 and 1753:
Mobile OS and Application Security
Page 1754 and 1755:
Figure 25-16 A Wi-Fi analyzer app o
Page 1756 and 1757:
it’s full of molasses and constan
Page 1758 and 1759:
today?Backup and Restore Maintainin
Page 1760 and 1761:
periodically updated, but there is
Page 1762 and 1763:
and desktop, plus what was availabl
Page 1764 and 1765:
should always be weighed against th
Page 1766 and 1767:
NOTE Some of the most sophisticated
Page 1768 and 1769:
1. After five minutes of struggling
Page 1770 and 1771:
Answers1. C. After five minutes of
Page 1772 and 1773:
and concludes with troubleshooting
Page 1774 and 1775:
printwires, to strike an inked prin
Page 1776 and 1777:
Figure 26-4 Typical inkjet printerF
Page 1778 and 1779:
or deal with a messy refill kit.Pri
Page 1780 and 1781:
Printer speed is a key determinant
Page 1782 and 1783:
past the heating element; some rece
Page 1784 and 1785:
Figure 26-10 Components inside a la
Page 1786 and 1787:
roller is charged with an extremely
Page 1788 and 1789:
mirror, must be moved back and fort
Page 1790 and 1791:
Figure 26-12 3-D printerFigure 26-1
Page 1792 and 1793:
Figure 26-15 Managing a new 3-D pri
Page 1794 and 1795:
sends it out over the Internet or o
Page 1796 and 1797:
over GDI, including enhanced color
Page 1798 and 1799:
you push the front button on the Ep
Page 1800 and 1801:
manipulate by using a word processi
Page 1802 and 1803:
black-and-white images in any signi
Page 1804 and 1805:
Figure 26-23 Wonderfully descriptiv
Page 1806 and 1807:
EXAM TIP You’ll find print server
Page 1808 and 1809:
the complexity, or turning off RET
Page 1810 and 1811:
Figure 26-25 Charging the drum with
Page 1812 and 1813:
printer ejects the printed copy and
Page 1814 and 1815:
bombard the surface of the drum wit
Page 1816 and 1817:
printer automatically redirects the
Page 1818 and 1819:
Driver Installation policy to allow
Page 1820 and 1821:
EXAM TIP Windows-based printer shar
Page 1822 and 1823:
Figure 26-33 Options for finding ne
Page 1824 and 1825:
Figure 26-34 Installed default prin
Page 1826 and 1827:
We’ll hit group policy in Chapter
Page 1828 and 1829:
optimize printing for graphics or t
Page 1830 and 1831:
security and data privacy.Network S
Page 1832 and 1833:
error codes that indicate the probl
Page 1834 and 1835:
properties. In the resulting Proper
Page 1836 and 1837:
Figure 26-37 Page Setup options for
Page 1838 and 1839:
Color Prints in Wrong ColorIf you p
Page 1840 and 1841:
Don’t forget to replace the ink r
Page 1842 and 1843:
Figure 26-38 Inkjet printer mainten
Page 1844 and 1845:
Every inkjet printer has a differen
Page 1846 and 1847:
slip and jam paper. They are easily
Page 1848 and 1849:
the process.Laser Printer ProblemsL
Page 1850 and 1851:
cartridge.Embossed Effect If your p
Page 1852 and 1853:
hear popping noises; checking the c
Page 1854 and 1855:
7. Which one of the following port
Page 1856 and 1857:
CHAPTER 27Securing ComputersIn this
Page 1858 and 1859:
Not all unauthorized access is mali
Page 1860 and 1861:
this gambit, the attacker first lea
Page 1862 and 1863:
least afford for it to happen. Hard
Page 1864 and 1865:
PowerWe’ve covered power issues e
Page 1866 and 1867:
Figure 27-3 Air-conditioning vent i
Page 1868 and 1869:
you’ll almost certainly find a co
Page 1870 and 1871:
Lock Down SystemsOnce an attacker h
Page 1872 and 1873:
MAC Address FilteringIt’s far fro
Page 1874 and 1875:
Figure 27-6 BIOS/UEFI access passwo
Page 1876 and 1877:
To counter this problem, Blizzard E
Page 1878 and 1879:
where you place your eye up to a sc
Page 1880 and 1881:
for an access control list (ACL), a
Page 1882 and 1883:
Figure 27-14 Local Security PolicyL
Page 1884 and 1885:
• Minimum Password Length Forces
Page 1886 and 1887:
• Personally identifiable informa
Page 1888 and 1889:
plenty of open source programs with
Page 1890 and 1891:
The CompTIA A+ certification exams
Page 1892 and 1893:
printout at a printer and suddenly
Page 1894 and 1895:
stealing private information. A vir
Page 1896 and 1897:
Figure 27-18 Gator Corporation’s
Page 1898 and 1899:
network can be spoofed. Here are a
Page 1900 and 1901:
EXAM TIP For the exam, know that ra
Page 1902 and 1903:
safe(ish), but be suspicious of any
Page 1904 and 1905:
Figure 27-21 MalwarebytesSpam E-mai
Page 1906 and 1907:
might get automated replies from un
Page 1908 and 1909:
Figure 27-22 Windows 7 Action Cente
Page 1910 and 1911:
NOTE The term antivirus (and antisp
Page 1912 and 1913:
Figure 27-23 Attack site warningNob
Page 1914 and 1915:
anti-malware companies provide boot
Page 1916 and 1917:
before seems very sluggish.Many net
Page 1918 and 1919:
16), you have access to more repair
Page 1920 and 1921:
Figure 27-26 ASUS router as a firew
Page 1922 and 1923:
Figure 27-28 SPI firewall settings
Page 1924 and 1925:
Figure 27-30 Port triggeringIf you
Page 1926 and 1927:
Figure 27-32 Windows 10 Firewall se
Page 1928 and 1929:
Figure 27-33 Windows 10 network opt
Page 1930 and 1931:
Figure 27-35 Windows Defender Firew
Page 1932 and 1933:
scope of an A+ tech’s duties, the
Page 1934 and 1935:
Data EncryptionEncryption methods d
Page 1936 and 1937:
decrypt the incoming data. These pu
Page 1938 and 1939:
Figure 27-39 Incoming certificateWe
Page 1940 and 1941:
3. Which of the following tools wou
Page 1942 and 1943:
1. D. Social engineering is the pro
Page 1944 and 1945:
Organizations need documentation to
Page 1946 and 1947:
Figure 28-2 A sampling of Cisco net
Page 1948 and 1949:
Inventory ManagementTechs help orga
Page 1950 and 1951:
Change Management ProcessesA change
Page 1952 and 1953:
acceptance is vital for successful
Page 1954 and 1955:
Companies can and should secure all
Page 1956 and 1957:
Figure 28-6 Using a thumb drive to
Page 1958 and 1959:
NOTE There’s no guarantee data or
Page 1960 and 1961:
fit for image backups, it’ll help
Page 1962 and 1963:
hauling a shipping container stuffe
Page 1964 and 1965:
Figure 28-9 Users with local accoun
Page 1966 and 1967:
B. She should perform a risk analys
Page 1968 and 1969:
unforeseen and negative happens.5.
Page 1991:
220-1002 Exam Objectives
Page 2023 and 2024:
Seminars, but this is not required
Page 2025 and 2026:
In no event will McGraw-Hill Educat
Page 2027 and 2028:
Home page. Click the Resources tab,
Page 2029 and 2030:
typically by melting material (such
Page 2031 and 2032:
application) is legitimate. Usually
Page 2033 and 2034:
Intel specifically for video that r
Page 2035 and 2036:
selected peripherals. In 1996, APM
Page 2037 and 2038:
based IBM computer. Many aspects of
Page 2039 and 2040:
backlighting, and edge LED backligh
Page 2041 and 2042:
BIOS (basic input/output services)
Page 2043 and 2044:
the same signal.brightness control
Page 2045 and 2046:
modern digital camcorders record to
Page 2047 and 2048:
cellular wireless networks Networks
Page 2049 and 2050:
graphical Error checking tool.chmod
Page 2051 and 2052:
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide sem
Page 2053 and 2054:
compliance Concept that members of
Page 2055 and 2056:
Control Panel Collection of Windows
Page 2057 and 2058:
provider without obvious notice.dat
Page 2059 and 2060:
clusters. The result is an improvem
Page 2061 and 2062:
Disk Cleanup Utility built into Win
Page 2063 and 2064:
DLT (digital linear tape) High-spee
Page 2065 and 2066:
including all data, software, and c
Page 2067 and 2068:
dynamic range Gamut of color or int
Page 2069 and 2070:
end-user acceptance Change manageme
Page 2071 and 2072:
entry in the Security Log when cert
Page 2073 and 2074:
fiber optic cable High-speed cable
Page 2075 and 2076:
sophisticated fitness bands and wat
Page 2077 and 2078:
fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
Page 2079 and 2080:
needing to use dynamic disks.Google
Page 2081 and 2082:
hardware virtualization support Pro
Page 2083 and 2084:
HomeGroup A Windows feature that co
Page 2085 and 2086:
iCloud Apple cloud-based storage. i
Page 2087 and 2088:
impact printer Uses pins and inked
Page 2089 and 2090:
looking for active intrusions. Func
Page 2091 and 2092:
ISP (Internet service provider) Com
Page 2093 and 2094:
the head of sharks by bad guys. Not
Page 2095 and 2096:
liquid contact indicator (LCI) Smal
Page 2097 and 2098:
Mac Also Macintosh. Common name for
Page 2099 and 2100:
mass storage Hard drives, optical d
Page 2101 and 2102:
central processing unit (CPU).micro
Page 2103 and 2104:
mobile hotspot A mobile device that
Page 2105 and 2106:
multifunction device (MFD) See MFD.
Page 2107 and 2108:
outbound TCP/IP connections with th
Page 2109 and 2110:
nonvolatile Describes storage that
Page 2111 and 2112:
open source software Software for w
Page 2113 and 2114:
lines to a device, usually a very o
Page 2115 and 2116:
PCIe (PCI Express) Serialized succe
Page 2117 and 2118:
Phillips-head screwdriver Most impo
Page 2119 and 2120:
polymorphic virus Virus that attemp
Page 2121 and 2122:
power supply fan Small fan located
Page 2123 and 2124:
will be configured with a particula
Page 2125 and 2126:
Public folder Folder that all users
Page 2127 and 2128:
preceding address. This term is oft
Page 2129 and 2130:
remnant Potentially recoverable dat
Page 2131 and 2132:
dots to smooth out jagged edges tha
Page 2133 and 2134:
For example, an IP router looks onl
Page 2135 and 2136:
user interface (UI) will switch bet
Page 2137 and 2138:
Service Location Protocol (SLP) Pro
Page 2139 and 2140:
single rail Power supply configurat
Page 2141 and 2142:
software token Programming (usually
Page 2143 and 2144:
ST Type of fiber optic connector. S
Page 2145 and 2146:
increased speed.strong password Pas
Page 2147 and 2148:
system bus speed Speed at which the
Page 2149 and 2150:
tap Touchscreen gesture where you p
Page 2151 and 2152:
thermal paste Paste-like material w
Page 2153 and 2154:
topology The way computers connect
Page 2155 and 2156:
trusted root CA A highly respected
Page 2157 and 2158:
UPS (uninterruptible power supply)
Page 2159 and 2160:
intervals. The twists serve to redu
Page 2161 and 2162:
could run its own VM containing a v
Page 2163 and 2164:
WAN (wide area network) A widesprea
Page 2165 and 2166:
Windows PowerShell Command-line too
Page 2167 and 2168:
xcopy Command-line tool used to cop
Page 2169 and 2170:
10BaseT Ethernet, 807, 810, 118316:
Page 2171 and 2172:
active cooling, CPUs, 119Active Dir
Page 2173 and 2174:
Advanced Sharing, folders, 865-867A
Page 2175 and 2176:
answers, professional techniques fo
Page 2177 and 2178:
as apps in Windows 8/8.1, 44buildin
Page 2179 and 2180:
auditing, in Event Viewer, 1262-126
Page 2181 and 2182:
critical application, 1310-1312file
Page 2183 and 2184:
overview of, 407-408scanners, 1251B
Page 2185 and 2186:
Boot Configuration Data. See BCD (B
Page 2187 and 2188:
Thunderbolt, copper or fiber, 400US
Page 2189 and 2190:
CD-rewritable (CD-RW) discs, 432CD-
Page 2191 and 2192:
CL numbers, RAM latency, 148classes
Page 2193 and 2194:
synchronizing mobile device data to
Page 2195 and 2196:
command mode, vi text editor, 668-6
Page 2197 and 2198:
access control. See access controla
Page 2199 and 2200:
mass storage, 295-304mobile device
Page 2201 and 2202:
OEM CPU coolers, 119overview of, 11
Page 2203 and 2204:
cron command, scheduling maintenanc
Page 2205 and 2206:
Debugging mode, Windows, 710dedicat
Page 2207 and 2208:
troubleshooting limited connectivit
Page 2209 and 2210:
disaster prevention and recoverybac
Page 2211 and 2212:
Display Settings, Windows 10Advance
Page 2213 and 2214:
organization of, 872-873Windows, 86
Page 2215 and 2216:
dual inline memory modules. See DIM
Page 2217 and 2218:
effective permissions, 1255EFS (enc
Page 2219 and 2220:
error codeslaser printer, 1232troub
Page 2221 and 2222:
.exe extension, 495, 648executable
Page 2223 and 2224:
Registry and, 706failure to start n
Page 2225 and 2226:
Linux, 59macOS, 59overview of, 55-5
Page 2227 and 2228:
mobile device storage using, 1111ov
Page 2229 and 2230:
frame, replacing laptop, 1072Fraunh
Page 2231 and 2232:
UTP cabling for, 809gigabyte (GB),
Page 2233 and 2234:
configuring in Windows, 533-536grou
Page 2235 and 2236:
compatibility between OSs, 43CompTI
Page 2237 and 2238:
mobile device CPUs and, 100-101port
Page 2239 and 2240:
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Page 2241 and 2242:
network connection settings, 663-66
Page 2243 and 2244:
input/output services. See BIOS (ba
Page 2245 and 2246:
selecting CPU, 114-115socketed CPU
Page 2247 and 2248:
tiered concept of, 936-938troublesh
Page 2249 and 2250:
overview of, 835subnet mask, 835-83
Page 2251 and 2252:
Windows 8/8.1, 47keylogger malware,
Page 2253 and 2254:
paper not feeding, 1235periodic mai
Page 2255 and 2256:
levels, UAC, 569-571LGA (land grid
Page 2257 and 2258:
live CD, as complete OS on CD, 385-
Page 2259 and 2260:
MM (mega), in computing, 94M.2 form
Page 2261 and 2262:
scheduling, 589-590making directori
Page 2263 and 2264:
magnetic hard drives (HDDs), 290-29
Page 2265 and 2266:
microATX (mATX) motherboard, 209, 2
Page 2267 and 2268:
purpose-built, 1088-1089review Q &
Page 2269 and 2270:
unauthorized root access, 1175-1176
Page 2271 and 2272:
overview of, 205-206RAID, 217review
Page 2273 and 2274:
multimode fiber, single-mode fiber
Page 2275 and 2276:
Internet appliances, 1292-1293intru
Page 2277 and 2278:
Night light option, Windows 10, 769
Page 2279 and 2280:
your Total Seminars Training Hub ac
Page 2281 and 2282:
installation process, 461-462mobile
Page 2283 and 2284:
Ownership permission, NTFS, 544, 54
Page 2285 and 2286:
troubleshooting installation errors
Page 2287 and 2288:
internal modems connecting to, 942o
Page 2289 and 2290:
need physical connection to CPU, 16
Page 2291 and 2292:
defines aspect ratio of picture, 74
Page 2293 and 2294:
portsAndroid, 1114ATX form factor,
Page 2295 and 2296:
power suppliescooling, 276-281elect
Page 2297 and 2298:
automatic document feeder (ADF), 12
Page 2299 and 2300:
laser printing, 1205-1206overview o
Page 2301 and 2302:
purpose of change, 1306pwd (working
Page 2303 and 2304:
address bus and, 92-96audio editing
Page 2305 and 2306:
reading apps, dim display on mobile
Page 2307 and 2308:
company policies, 1303hazardous che
Page 2309 and 2310:
troubleshooting mobile security, 11
Page 2311 and 2312:
routersbackbone, 936-938connecting
Page 2313 and 2314:
connecting SSDs, 315-316internal op
Page 2315 and 2316:
secpol.msc command, accessing Local
Page 2317 and 2318:
Service Location Protocol (SLP), 98
Page 2319 and 2320:
Shrink Volume, without using dynami
Page 2321 and 2322:
emergency capabilities, 1105-1106en
Page 2323 and 2324:
Windows 8/8.1, 44-51Windows 10, 51-
Page 2325 and 2326:
Ethernet network, 807fiber, 947-948
Page 2327 and 2328:
computing process, 35-37CPU, 104-10
Page 2329 and 2330:
stranded core UTP cabling, 820, 824
Page 2331 and 2332:
credentials on iOS and, 1117issues,
Page 2333 and 2334:
mobile operating systems of, 1036ov
Page 2335 and 2336:
in Windows 8/8.1, 65-69in Windows 1
Page 2337 and 2338:
benefits of virtualization, 1000-10
Page 2339 and 2340:
technical support for, 1362TotalSim
Page 2341 and 2342:
RAM, 162-165video problems, 787-793
Page 2343 and 2344:
overview of, 564-568UBCD (Ultimate
Page 2345 and 2346:
updating drivers in macOS, 609-610v
Page 2347 and 2348:
printer/multifunction device connec
Page 2349 and 2350:
Windows 8 Task Manager, 511, 513USM
Page 2351 and 2352:
connectors, 754-758flat-panel, 738L
Page 2353 and 2354:
service layer cake, 1023-1028Softwa
Page 2355 and 2356:
VR (virtual reality) headsets, 753-
Page 2357 and 2358:
802.11b, 908-909802.11g, 909802.11n
Page 2359 and 2360:
viewing directory contents, 639XPS
Page 2361 and 2362:
accessing CLI, 68, 629-631chkdsk (/
Page 2363 and 2364:
Windows Store, purchasing apps, 47W
Page 2365 and 2366:
user names and passwords, 863-864wo
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