CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide

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CHAPTER 5FirmwareIn this chapter, you will learn how to• Explain the function of BIOS• Distinguish among various CMOS setup utility options• Describe option ROM and device drivers• Troubleshoot the power-on self test (POST)• Maintain BIOS and CMOS properlyIn Chapter 3, “CPUs,” you saw how the address bus and data bus connectRAM to the CPU via the memory controller to run programs and transferdata. Assuming you apply power in the right places, you don’t need anythingelse to make a simple computer. The only problem with such a simplecomputer is that it would bore you to death—there’s no way to do anythingwith it! A PC needs devices such as keyboards and mice to provide input, andoutput devices such as monitors and speakers to communicate the currentstate of the running programs to you. A computer also needs permanentstorage devices, such as solid-state drives, to store programs and data whenyou turn off the computer.This chapter discusses in detail the software that controls a PC at its core.We’ll start with a couple of sections on why and how it all works, and thenwe’ll look at hardware and self-testing circuits. The chapter finishes with thefiner points of maintaining this essential programming and hardware.1001
We Need to TalkFor a keyboard or a monitor or a hard drive to work with a CPU, they mustcommunicate via some kind of physical connection. More than that, theseperipherals (usually) can’t connect directly to the CPU. This communicationrequires a controller, a chip that connects the device to the CPU (see Figure5-1).Figure 5-1 A controller chip acts as an interfaceGetting the CPU to communicate with a controller starts with some kindof interconnection—a communication bus (that means wires) that enables theCPU to send commands to and from devices. To make this connection, let’sextend the data bus and the address bus throughout the motherboard,connecting all of the computer’s controllers to the CPU (see Figure 5-2).
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ABOUT THE AUTHORMichael Meyers is t
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Copyright © 2019 by McGraw-Hill Ed
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To my grandson, William Siegmund Ke
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Chapter 21 The InternetChapter 22 V
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The Computing ProcessThe Computing
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Chapter ReviewQuestionsAnswersChapt
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Supplying DCInstalling and Maintain
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Maintaining and Troubleshooting Har
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Chapter 12 Windows Under the Hood10
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AnswersChapter 15 Working with the
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Application ProblemsApplication Ins
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Chapter 19 Local Area Networking100
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Internet Application Protocols10021
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Hardware/Device ReplacementTroubles
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ScannersCopy and Fax ComponentsAuto
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Implementing Change (Scenario)Disas
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Looking forward to many more.To Dud
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with every day? Seriously, count th
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by the Computing Technology Industr
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CompTIA offers several tracks to pu
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Network Associate (CCNA), plus nume
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Try This! Recommending an OSImagine
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asked how to set up and maintain vi
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Finding a Testing CenterPearson VUE
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their Web site and schedule the exa
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information they must know for the
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• Installing, running, and closin
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Safety and ProfessionalismCHAPTER 1
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Figure 1-1 Casual FordI have a ques
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you an idea of what we are trying t
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Figure 1-3 Don’t do this!It’s f
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rarely felt that technicians I’ve
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down, or do anything else necessary
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Figure 1-4 Never accuse!Follow up w
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this book!Beyond basic manners, nev
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Be Prepared!Effective communication
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prevalent in dry, cool environments
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Although having an antistatic wrist
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speakers in particular, are suscept
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Figure 1-10 Author’s go-to iFixit
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Figure 1-12 What a strange, bad tri
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Troubleshooting MethodologyAn effec
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cover backup options in detail in C
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fundamental understanding of the co
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Figure 1-16 Ford the Tech asks for
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malware is installed so a computer
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and check the records to find other
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C. Document any particularly import
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CHAPTER 2The Visible ComputerIn thi
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calculations. The most common types
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Figure 2-4 A point of sale computer
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Figure 2-5 The Microsoft Windows 10
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Figure 2-7 Monument Valley II game
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(CPU), usually a single, thin wafer
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what makes a good computer technici
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Figure 2-11 PC with common peripher
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Figure 2-13 Inside the system unitF
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Figure 2-16 Tablet computerWe could
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• The OS enables users to determi
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Other visible items are as follows:
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such as Windows Phone, to create a
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Figure 2-21 Windows 8 Start screen
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Figure 2-23 Apps sorted by nameWind
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Figure 2-25 Charms accessed by curs
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interface with an active applicatio
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WINDOWS LOGO KEY + LEFT ARROW or RI
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Figure 2-30 Mission Control button
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Figure 2-33 Ubuntu Linux desktop en
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Figure 2-35 File ExplorerThe defaul
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Figure 2-36 File Explorer viewing M
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Figure 2-38 Mike’s Home directory
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NOTE The Control Panel enables you
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Figure 2-41 Windows 7 System Tools
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Command Line The Windows command-li
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from the big three in Windows 7. Th
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Figure 2-47 Search charm with Contr
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Command Line The command-line inter
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line (cmd.exe) by typing cmd or com
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macOSmacOS has two key launch point
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Figure 2-55 Accessing All SettingsF
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A. CharmsB. DesktopC. Mission Contr
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9. C. Terminal is the equivalent of
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EXAM TIP CompTIA only uses the term
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Imagine that we install a set of 16
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Figure 3-5 Here “1” means on,
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Figure 3-7 CPU codebookIn this code
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wire (most diagrams label the clock
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Figure 3-11 Clock speed printed on
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directly to the CPU’s clock wire,
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decimal number 5 written in binary.
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Figure 3-14 RAM as a spreadsheet•
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Figure 3-16 Extending the EDBWait a
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Figure 3-18 Address busBy turning t
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Well, yes, I am, but not out of mal
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00000000000000001000Hey, wouldn’t
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portable computers. Most of Intel
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companies use code names to keep tr
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Desktop Versus MobileMobile devices
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All modern CPUs run at some multipl
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64-Bit ProcessingOver successive ge
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Parallel ExecutionModern CPUs can p
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part, the arithmetic logic unit (AL
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many times.Pipelining CPUs work fan
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Figure 3-28 CPU-Z displaying the ca
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Figure 3-30 Windows Task Manager wi
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Figure 3-31 CPU-Z showing the cache
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discrete microprocessor that differ
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Everybody calls the NX bit technolo
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EXAM TIP The CompTIA A+ 1001 object
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based motherboards, the sockets hav
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Figure 3-36 Underside and top of a
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Figure 3-38 Fully opened socketAlig
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Figure 3-39 Intel stock heat-sink a
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Figure 3-41 Liquid-cooled CPUSevera
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Figure 3-42 CPU fan power standout
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Figure 3-44 AMD stock heat-sink and
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NOTE Chapter 5, “Firmware,” goe
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Figure 3-47 CMOS-clear jumperTo cle
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result in a system running slowly o
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C. The external data bus provides a
Page 247 and 248: Answers1. B. The CPU uses registers
Page 249 and 250: Figure 4-1 Mass storage holds progr
Page 251 and 252: computers—not just PCs—since th
Page 253 and 254: So if some of the commands are more
Page 255 and 256: Figure 4-7 A 72-pin SIMMModern CPUs
Page 257 and 258: Development of newer, wider, and fa
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Page 261 and 262: Figure 4-13 172-pin DDR SDRAM micro
Page 263 and 264: Figure 4-14 A motherboard showing f
Page 265 and 266: Figure 4-16 DDR2 DIMM on top of a D
Page 267 and 268: that can reduce the air conditionin
Page 269 and 270: Figure 4-17 Double-sided DDR SDRAML
Page 271 and 272: notice when such a rare event happe
Page 273 and 274: Working with RAMWhenever people com
Page 275 and 276: Let’s assume you have a PC with 4
Page 277 and 278: Figure 4-23 Program B being unloade
Page 279 and 280: Figure 4-26 Program C is swapped to
Page 281 and 282: sealed. Today many desktop and lapt
Page 283 and 284: Figure 4-30 Dedicating a flash driv
Page 285 and 286: NOTE The freeware CPU-Z program tel
Page 287 and 288: Your motherboard should detect and
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Page 295 and 296: D. Fetch interval5. How does an NMI
Page 297: for the proper slots.)7. A. You can
Page 301 and 302: Figure 5-4 Ancient 430VX chipset sh
Page 303 and 304: Figure 5-6 Everything connectingIt
Page 305 and 306: Figure 5-8 Electronic view of the k
Page 307 and 308: erased every time you turned off th
Page 309 and 310: Figure 5-11 Function of the flash R
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Page 313 and 314: Figure 5-14 Gigabyte system setup u
Page 315 and 316: Figure 5-15 ASUS UEFI system setup
Page 317 and 318: CPUs, hard drives and optical drive
Page 319 and 320: Figure 5-20 Boot tabThe Tool tab (s
Page 321 and 322: Figure 5-22 Information tabThe Conf
Page 323 and 324: default in BIOS, so if your virtual
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Page 327 and 328: EXAM TIP BIOS security-related opti
Page 329 and 330: drive controller—basically just a
Page 331 and 332: almost any device for your computer
Page 333 and 334: codes before and during the video t
Page 335 and 336: Figure 5-31 POST card in actionPOST
Page 337 and 338: devices so you can run utilities to
Page 339 and 340: Figure 5-34 Options for resetting C
Page 341 and 342: Figure 5-36 Changing shunt location
Page 343 and 344: booting are slim—but you’ll sti
Page 345 and 346: NOTE A failed BIOS/UEFI update—wh
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4. B. Most likely the device has an
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Figure 6-1 Traces visible beneath t
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EXAM TIP CompTIA A+ 1001 exam objec
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NOTE In case your curiosity has run
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Figure 6-5 Keyboard connector on th
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Figure 6-7 ATX portsThe ATX form fa
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Figure 6-9 A microATX motherboardEX
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Figure 6-10 Mini-ITXOne of the grea
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vary in features, performance, and
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Figure 6-13 Driver disc for ASUS mo
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building a custom rig is selecting
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case, another example (like USB) of
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Figure 6-18 Expansion slots connect
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architecture (see Figure 6-22) in t
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PCI ExpressPCI Express (PCIe) is st
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Figure 6-25 PCIe ×1 slot (top)NOTE
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Optimally, a card should always be
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Figure 6-27 Always secure all cards
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Figure 6-28 Properly seated expansi
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Figure 6-30 Uninstalling a deviceUn
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Figure 6-32 Installation menuDriver
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should open Device Manager and veri
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Figure 6-35 Running Add Hardware Wi
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Figure 6-37 Updating the driverIf y
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Upgrading a motherboard can very qu
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NOTE If you have a motherboard with
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Figure 6-40 Standoff in a case, rea
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Figure 6-41 Motherboard wire connec
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a CPU fan can be a bear of a task,
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nose to lead you to a popped capaci
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Figure 6-43 USB POST card (left) an
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flash ROM chip. Refer to Chapter 5
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7. Solon has a very buggy computer
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CHAPTER 7Power SuppliesIn this chap
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EXAM TIP Some questions on the Comp
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you push too much through, the wire
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Supplying ACEvery PC power supply m
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Figure 7-6 Outlet voltages
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haven’t used one in the past, get
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amperage output is too low, the dev
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telephone line protection (see Figu
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Figure 7-12 Uninterruptible power s
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monitoring and maintenance software
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Figure 7-14 Desktop PSUEXAM TIP The
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Figure 7-16 Molex connectorMini Con
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Chapter 8, “Mass Storage Technolo
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benefits. Soft power prevents a use
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ATX12V standard was the lack of enf
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Figure 7-23 Convertible motherboard
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designed specifically for mini-ITX
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Figure 7-26 Power supply advertisin
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rail power from a PSU may continue
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as simple. Let’s take a look.Inst
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Figure 7-30 On/off switch for an AT
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power supply.Figure 7-32 Power supp
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Figure 7-34 Case fanThe single bigg
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EXAM TIP Missing slot covers can ca
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motherboard, and the manufacturer
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Figure 7-39 Testing one of the 5-V
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PC, making it a rather challenging
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burning inside of it, stop using it
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Chapter ReviewQuestions1. What is t
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C. Sleep modeD. Soft power10. How m
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in modern operating systems.Histori
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Figure 8-2 Read/write heads on actu
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dust or animal hair, and so on.Tech
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devices.SSDs for personal computers
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randomly around the drive, and how
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Figure 8-8 Standardized physical co
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Figure 8-10 PATA cable plugged into
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ATA/ATAPI drives.Serial ATA address
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device—theoretically, up to 30 ti
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Most hard drives sold today are SAT
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AHCICurrent versions of Windows sup
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SCSISATA drives dominate the person
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continue to operate even if the pri
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majority of network servers use a t
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EXAM TIP In preparation for the Com
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NOTE Chapter 9, “Implementing Mas
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Dedicated RAID BoxesMany people add
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cables reach the drive? A quick tes
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Figure 8-26 Drive label showing mas
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configure SATA version/speed (1.5,
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information whenever you installed
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If you want your computer to run, i
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A. 5200B. 7200C. 9200D. Not applica
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2. C. The M.2 (and mSATA) SSD has a
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After you’ve successfully install
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The CPU and operating system never
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EXAM TIP You might see the terms ba
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EXAM TIP Only one master boot recor
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Figure 9-8 GRUB in actionExtended P
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partitioning called dynamic storage
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limited Windows to 128 partitions.
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common situations likely to require
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SIM Check out the excellent Chapter
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Figure 9-14 Drive with four partiti
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file is larger than 4096 bytes, it
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Figure 9-17 Bad blocks markedNOTE H
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Windows finds the first open cluste
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FAT32 is still very much commonly u
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Figure 9-21 Piriform Recuva in acti
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over the hard drive to retrieve a s
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defragment an NTFS partition, you
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Figure 9-25 Hard drive quotas in Wi
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bigger in capacity, however, the fi
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You cannot follow the procedure in
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Partitioning and Formatting with th
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Figure 9-29 Disk Management showing
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The Disk Management utility is the
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Figure 9-32 Unknown drive in Disk M
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properly with the computer.• Offl
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tool, diskpart, offers options not
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Figure 9-37 Turning on compressionD
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Figure 9-38 Converting to a dynamic
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Figure 9-40 Simple volumesSpanning
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Figure 9-42 The Extend Volume Wizar
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without using dynamic disks. You ca
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Figure 9-45 Selecting a new mirror
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While partitions and volumes can be
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one partition into two, you need to
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blocks and is a handy option when y
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Figure 9-52 Formatted drives reveal
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mirror array, so you can lose one o
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addressing. A block is one step abo
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Figure 9-54 The Tools tab in the Pr
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—or defrag—your drives as part
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Figure 9-57 Mike’s Recycle BinEve
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1001Troubleshooting Hard Drive Impl
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moment you try to do something with
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or any service technician can do to
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on individual drives. There are a c
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examples: Avanquest Partition Comma
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The answer is easy—the folks at G
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5. Jaime wishes to check her hard d
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CHAPTER 10Essential PeripheralsIn t
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the CompTIA A+ 1001 exam. Just reme
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• USB 3.0 is capable of speeds of
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Figure 10-5 Shared USB ports for 1.
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Figure 10-8 USB 3.0 ports (left) an
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device involved. If you have a USB
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USB ConfigurationThe biggest troubl
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USB, FireWire went through a few it
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see if the port’s been turned off
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a PC. All modern operating systems
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correspond to ctrl and alt; the com
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probably useless with the stuck key
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Figure 10-21 Cleaning an optical mo
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Figure 10-23 Training Windows Hello
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commands or text. Apple, Microsoft,
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Touch ScreensA touch screen is a mo
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Figure 10-29 A typical KVM switchTo
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Figure 10-31 A joystickGame control
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skies, or the streets, or wherever
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Figure 10-34 Drawing with a digitiz
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Figure 10-35 Secure Digital cardCon
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Figure 10-38 Video chatting by webc
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two tracks (stereo). More advanced
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Microsoft’s first OS, DOS.The bea
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used to connect to an external devi
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Figure 10-43 A standard microphoneN
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A video is two or more separate tra
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Flash MemoryFlash memory, the same
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Figure 10-48 CF cardSecure Digital
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are critical for figuring out wheth
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Figure 10-51 USB card readerWhichev
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CD-ROM Speeds The first CD-ROM driv
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media to the functional equivalent
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Figure 10-55 Typical DVD-videoThe s
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up to 25 GB (single-layer disc), 50
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Figure 10-58 CD-RW, DVD, and BD-R d
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A. The bus speed stays constant, bu
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2. C. The bus speed decreases becau
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Prerequisites to BuildingIn a typic
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system? What about the customer’s
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Table 11-1 shows the minimum hardwa
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purpose systems, like point-of-sale
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smoothly. Many desktop computers ca
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EXAM TIP Standalone sound cards are
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Audio Editing WorkstationsThe requi
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(NAS) device to dish out files and
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Figure 11-7 Media streaming turned
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Figure 11-9 Streaming with iTunesHa
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NOTE This section explores the inst
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EXAM TIP The CompTIA A+ 1002 object
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Clean InstallationA clean installat
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Before you begin an upgrade of Wind
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NOTE When configuring a computer fo
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Figure 11-15 Image deployment over
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Figure 11-16 Windows 64-bit or 32-b
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Figure 11-18 The Windows setup welc
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Figure 11-20 Choosing the edition o
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Figure 11-22 Choose your installati
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the oh-so-irritating Cortana to hel
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Figure 11-25 Choosing a user nameMi
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for a piece of software, don’t yo
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Figure 11-28 Setting up PXE in syst
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Troubleshooting Installation Proble
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logs.2. Identify the specific log f
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to be a lemon.Restoring User Data F
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about the process, so there’s not
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EXAM TIP Professional hard drive di
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disposed of in the right way. Safel
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You can tighten up privacy settings
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C. Service packD. Service release10
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without it.Every version of Windows
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This root key combines class object
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To describe the location of a speci
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Windows includes a couple of comman
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NOTE If you work with Windows long
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Figure 12-5 Task Manager in Windows
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Figure 12-6 Processes tab in Window
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Figure 12-8 Processes tab with more
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Figure 12-10 Processes detail on ri
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Figure 12-11 Process priorityMessin
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Figure 12-12 Turning off affinity t
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Figure 12-14 Process ExplorerThink
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EXAM TIP You can open the Services
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EXAM TIP You can start any service
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issue.Figure 12-19 CPU usageNetwork
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Services, and Users tabs all still
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processes running.Beyond these chan
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Figure 12-23 Processes tab with mul
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Figure 12-25 App history tab in Win
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Figure 12-27 Users tab in Windows 8
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Because I was already in the comman
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Beyond that, each tab brings subtle
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Figure 12-32 Blank Performance Moni
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Figure 12-34 Sample reportEXAM TIP
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Figure 12-35 Component Services in
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Questions1. What is the name of the
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Answers1. C. On Windows machines, b
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section describes methods for shari
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accounts (tied to a specific comput
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NOTE Every secure organization sets
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just a single user account. You can
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• Type lusrmgr.msc in the search
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Figure 13-5 Default groupsLet’s a
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Figure 13-7 Creating the Morning gr
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Figure 13-9 Adding a new userManagi
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Figure 13-12 Accounts screen in Win
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Figure 13-14 Options for a new acco
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Figure 13-16 Accounts app homeThe A
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Figure 13-18 User Accounts in Windo
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ownership. Owners can do anything t
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• Full Control Enables you to do
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Execute permissions (see Figure 13-
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Figure 13-23 Special permissionsPer
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EXAM TIP Current versions of Window
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• Everyone Permissions for anyone
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chmod <permissions> <filename>Using
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but they are not visible by default
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remove them and edit existing NTFS
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two choices for permissions to give
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Locating Shared FoldersBefore you w
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To encrypt a file or folder takes s
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Figure 13-34 Selecting encryptionAs
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NOTE As of Windows 10 BitLocker can
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Figure 13-36 Local Security Policy
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When picking the poster child for t
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Figure 13-40 The danger of administ
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action—thus, the infamous UAC dia
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Figure 13-44 Shield icons in User A
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Figure 13-46 Change User Account Co
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has a place on everyone’s compute
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B. Place the files in the Public Sh
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Maintaining and OptimizingOperating
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only for Windows. Both macOS and Li
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Windows Update checks your system,
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Figure 14-3 Hiding an updateWindows
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Figure 14-5 Windows 7 Windows Updat
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Figure 14-8 Windows 10 Windows Upda
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Figure 14-9 App Store update option
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A+ 1002 exam because the objectives
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Figure 14-12 CCleaner Registry Clea
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Figure 14-13 Error checking in Wind
Page 903 and 904:
you need to error check your disk,
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Figure 14-16 Conditions tab in Wind
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all.) The OS runs scans late at nig
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A lot of software loads when you bo
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• Tools This tab lists many of th
Page 913 and 914:
Users & Groups in macOSIn the Users
Page 915 and 916:
Microsoft includes a couple of hand
Page 917 and 918:
checking your video card that Chapt
Page 919 and 920:
Figure 14-26 Device Manager as a sn
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potential impact could installing t
Page 923 and 924:
Figure 14-29 Installation UACShould
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Figure 14-31 Microsoft StoreInstall
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Figure 14-33 Linux store optionsBut
Page 929 and 930:
applet in Control Panel (see Figure
Page 931 and 932:
For all other macOS apps, removing
Page 933 and 934:
processes you read about specifical
Page 935 and 936:
Figure 14-40 Adding a device in Win
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Figure 14-41 Windows 10 Performance
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Data Execution Prevention (DEP) wor
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Figure 14-44 What do you want to ba
Page 944 and 945:
Figure 14-46 Showing some of a sing
Page 946 and 947:
drive, I suppose, but what would be
Page 948 and 949:
users store all personal documents.
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yourself needing to roll back a Win
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Figure 14-53 System Restore setting
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4. What tool enables you to correct
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storage devices, such as HDDs and S
Page 958 and 959:
The command prompt is popular for m
Page 960 and 961:
Windows shell is Command. On macOS
Page 962 and 963:
and press ENTER.Figure 15-2 The Win
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EXAM TIP Spotlight (or Spot Light,
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In Windows, if you see a prompt tha
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Figure 15-6 File association in Fil
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“Running a Program in Windows”
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macOS and Linux prompts show your f
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almost completely inflexible, so yo
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NOTE Some commands give you the sam
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We’ll discuss this output in more
Page 980 and 981:
OS on which everyone depended.In th
Page 982 and 983:
Try inserting an optical disc or a
Page 984 and 985:
NOTE Make sure that the prompt poin
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on rm a little later in the chapter
Page 988 and 989:
Figure 15-10 Running mmc in Windows
Page 990 and 991:
see in black and white print!). The
Page 992 and 993:
Because you probably don’t have a
Page 994 and 995:
Wildcards in macOS and Linux work b
Page 996 and 997:
To delete all of the files in a dir
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C:\Users\mike\Jedi>copy3. Type note
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many years ago as an add-on tool fo
Page 1002 and 1003:
The chkdsk (checkdisk) command scan
Page 1004 and 1005:
gpupdateGroup policies define vario
Page 1006 and 1007:
Figure 15-15 Checking sfc options w
Page 1008 and 1009:
some amazing tasks. Figure 15-16 sh
Page 1010 and 1011:
macOS and Linux use special terms t
Page 1012 and 1013:
as it has two totally different typ
Page 1014 and 1015:
together:Note that grep shows us a
Page 1016 and 1017:
If apt-get finds any out-of-date pa
Page 1018 and 1019:
Figure 15-18 vi with textTo save yo
Page 1020 and 1021:
stand for “Disk Destroyer.” Thi
Page 1022 and 1023:
appropriate file extension will dep
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languages (but they have many other
Page 1026 and 1027:
computer to remember the value by n
Page 1028 and 1029:
good idea, even if you don’t expe
Page 1030 and 1031:
Figure 15-19 Environment variables
Page 1032 and 1033:
A. helpB. ?C. manD. /?7. Which of t
Page 1034 and 1035:
CHAPTER 16Troubleshooting Operating
Page 1036 and 1037:
Figure 16-1 If you see this screen,
Page 1038 and 1039:
days old, you know it might have su
Page 1040 and 1041:
before you have problems. Go to Con
Page 1042 and 1043:
Figure 16-5 Download Windows 10 pag
Page 1044 and 1045:
Figure 16-7 Recovery Environment ma
Page 1046 and 1047:
Figure 16-9 WinRE Advanced options
Page 1048 and 1049:
• Restores critical system and dr
Page 1050 and 1051:
Figure 16-12 Windows Error Recovery
Page 1052 and 1053:
you are attempting to fix a Windows
Page 1054 and 1055:
Figure 16-15 Additional restore opt
Page 1056 and 1057:
For image recovery in Windows 10, m
Page 1058 and 1059:
Figure 16-20 Windows Memory Diagnos
Page 1060 and 1061:
NOTE You can find out more about Me
Page 1062 and 1063:
To make changes to the BCD store, y
Page 1064 and 1065:
up at boot.Figure 16-22 bootmgr sho
Page 1066 and 1067:
utility autochk runs after a reboot
Page 1068 and 1069:
Figure 16-23 Login screenSeveral is
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Buggy video drivers can result in a
Page 1072 and 1073:
reg prompt. From there, you have nu
Page 1074 and 1075:
utility, and then click the Boot ta
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Enable Low-Resolution VideoSelectin
Page 1078 and 1079:
You have two options to rebuild a p
Page 1080 and 1081:
Reboot the computer and log in as t
Page 1082 and 1083:
systems.Keep in mind that Event Vie
Page 1084 and 1085:
Figure 16-33 Created custom ViewsNO
Page 1086 and 1087:
Autoloading ProgramsWindows loves t
Page 1088 and 1089:
Figure 16-37 Autostarting a service
Page 1090 and 1091:
System Restore is the final step in
Page 1092 and 1093:
Figure 16-39 Printer troubleshootin
Page 1094 and 1095:
Figure 16-41 Security and Maintenan
Page 1096 and 1097:
Security and Maintenance/Action Cen
Page 1098 and 1099:
Figure 16-43 Apps & features in Set
Page 1100 and 1101:
Problems with UninstallingThe singl
Page 1102 and 1103:
Figure 16-47 Compatibility mode opt
Page 1104 and 1105:
or other files to Windows, overwrit
Page 1106 and 1107:
Figure 16-49 Repair and Reset optio
Page 1108 and 1109:
Figure 16-50 Previous Versions tab
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Figure 16-51 System Protection tabN
Page 1112 and 1113:
D. System Refresh4. What can device
Page 1114 and 1115:
8. D. Jane should use the Windows M
Page 1116 and 1117:
Figure 17-1 Typical monitor and vid
Page 1118 and 1119:
image darker. That’s why many sun
Page 1120 and 1121:
Figure 17-4 Liquid crystal molecule
Page 1122 and 1123:
Figure 17-7 LCD pixelsOnce all of t
Page 1124 and 1125:
Figure 17-9 An LCD matrix of wiresI
Page 1126 and 1127:
Figure 17-12 LCD componentsLCD Pane
Page 1128 and 1129:
LED backlighting. The drawback is t
Page 1130 and 1131:
change the aspect ratio of many mon
Page 1132 and 1133:
Figure 17-16 Narrow versus wide vie
Page 1134 and 1135:
decisions on LCD screens.Color Dept
Page 1136 and 1137:
Figure 17-18 CRT projectorGiven tha
Page 1138 and 1139:
Figure 17-20 Projector throw variat
Page 1140 and 1141:
the streets of Paris from the comfo
Page 1142 and 1143:
translated into practical terms, li
Page 1144 and 1145:
Type-C connectors and cables lack T
Page 1146 and 1147:
Figure 17-28 DVI-to-VGA adapterAlte
Page 1148 and 1149:
stand for mounting two monitors sid
Page 1150 and 1151:
Figure 17-33 USB ports on monitorDi
Page 1152 and 1153:
CRT days). Plus, almost every syste
Page 1154 and 1155:
NOTE Many video cards come with a d
Page 1156 and 1157:
Figure 17-38 Wide path between vide
Page 1158 and 1159:
for system memory, cache memory, an
Page 1160 and 1161:
NOTE The installation steps in this
Page 1162 and 1163:
DriversJust like any other piece of
Page 1164 and 1165:
Figure 17-43 Vertically stacked mon
Page 1166 and 1167:
Figure 17-45 More Display Settings
Page 1168 and 1169:
Figure 17-47 My editor hard at work
Page 1170 and 1171:
Figure 17-49 Properties dialog box
Page 1172 and 1173:
Figure 17-51 Personalization Settin
Page 1174 and 1175:
Figure 17-53 Personalization applet
Page 1176 and 1177:
Figure 17-55 Dock optionsDifferent
Page 1178 and 1179:
information about the card, but the
Page 1180 and 1181:
3-D GraphicsNo other area in comput
Page 1182 and 1183:
seriously taxing the 486s and early
Page 1184 and 1185:
stores a number of image files call
Page 1186 and 1187:
Although they might accomplish the
Page 1188 and 1189:
• www.hardocp.com• www.tomshard
Page 1190 and 1191:
Figure 17-65 Serious video problemB
Page 1192 and 1193:
require internal adjustment. This i
Page 1194 and 1195:
Figure 17-66 Changing the size of t
Page 1196 and 1197:
cool off before you work on it. Aft
Page 1198 and 1199:
Figure 17-67 Example of a chromatic
Page 1200 and 1201:
research the compatibility of your
Page 1202 and 1203:
A. BacklightsB. InverterC. LampD. L
Page 1204 and 1205:
6. B. You’ll typically see video
Page 1206 and 1207:
asked, would say, “surf the Inter
Page 1208 and 1209:
special software capable of sending
Page 1210 and 1211:
a resource. The goal of networking,
Page 1212 and 1213:
Frames and NICsData is moved from o
Page 1214 and 1215:
The many varieties of frame share c
Page 1216 and 1217:
communicate just fine.Most modern E
Page 1218 and 1219:
Figure 18-9 A switchHubs and switch
Page 1220 and 1221:
Figure 18-10 Cable markings for Cat
Page 1222 and 1223:
Figure 18-12 RJ-45 pin numbersPlenu
Page 1224 and 1225:
as a quick way to connect two compu
Page 1226 and 1227:
EXAM TIP There are a number of Ethe
Page 1228 and 1229:
Figure 18-15 BNC connectorFigure 18
Page 1230 and 1231:
EXAM TIP For the CompTIA A+ exams,
Page 1232 and 1233:
NOTE A structured cabling system is
Page 1234 and 1235:
Figure 18-20 Horizontal cabling and
Page 1236 and 1237:
Figure 18-21 Solid and stranded cor
Page 1238 and 1239:
Figure 18-23 A floor-to-ceiling rac
Page 1240 and 1241:
Figure 18-25 Typical patch panelsTh
Page 1242 and 1243:
network tech’s best friend! Simpl
Page 1244 and 1245:
Figure 18-30 Typical patch cableRol
Page 1246 and 1247:
Figure 18-32 Properly stripped cabl
Page 1248 and 1249:
Figure 18-34 Crimping the cableFigu
Page 1250 and 1251:
Figure 18-36 Adding a bootAfter mak
Page 1252 and 1253:
Figure 18-38 Typical work area outl
Page 1254 and 1255:
is the Internet.Figure 18-40 Two br
Page 1256 and 1257:
D. SC, ST, or LC7. Microsoft Intern
Page 1258 and 1259:
CHAPTER 19Local Area NetworkingIn t
Page 1260 and 1261:
simple protocols into groups, calle
Page 1262 and 1263:
“255,” the class system is long
Page 1264 and 1265:
Figure 19-2 Typical SOHO routerA ro
Page 1266 and 1267:
Figure 19-4 Domain name serviceThe
Page 1268 and 1269:
Figure 19-5 IP settings on a Window
Page 1270 and 1271:
the default gateway and .2 through
Page 1272 and 1273:
Figure 19-7 WAN conceptFigure 19-8
Page 1274 and 1275:
Figure 19-9 The ping command’s sy
Page 1276 and 1277:
Figure 19-10 An ipconfig/ all comma
Page 1278 and 1279:
techs absolutely love the tool. Typ
Page 1280 and 1281:
Figure 19-13 Setting up IP4. Enter
Page 1282 and 1283:
Network Addressing with IPv6When th
Page 1284 and 1285:
First, leading zeros can be dropped
Page 1286 and 1287:
Figure 19-14 Link-local address in
Page 1288 and 1289:
NOTE A router solicitation message
Page 1290 and 1291:
Installing and Configuring a Wired
Page 1292 and 1293:
think a system is disconnected from
Page 1294 and 1295:
should know that a solid green ligh
Page 1296 and 1297:
enabling networking hardware to tre
Page 1298 and 1299:
Figure 19-23 Managed switch interfa
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you must set both the network permi
Page 1302 and 1303:
Figure 19-25 Changing the workgroup
Page 1304 and 1305:
Figure 19-26 Windows logon screenNO
Page 1306 and 1307:
who created the folder is assigned
Page 1308 and 1309:
Figure 19-29 Advanced Sharing dialo
Page 1310 and 1311:
NTFS permissions, Deny always trump
Page 1312 and 1313:
very pretty way to protect user nam
Page 1314 and 1315:
NOTE Even though a computer is on a
Page 1316 and 1317:
Figure 19-36 Domain logon screenWhe
Page 1318 and 1319:
Figure 19-38 Active Directory Users
Page 1320 and 1321:
Figure 19-40 Removing a computer fr
Page 1322 and 1323:
Figure 19-42 Adding a new domain ac
Page 1324 and 1325:
Figure 19-44 Adding a logon script
Page 1326 and 1327:
Figure 19-45 totalhome.local domain
Page 1328 and 1329:
Figure 19-46 Default HomeGroup dial
Page 1330 and 1331:
Figure 19-48 The homegroup’s pass
Page 1332 and 1333:
EXAM TIP Remember that homegroups s
Page 1334 and 1335:
Figure 19-52 The Share with menuNot
Page 1336 and 1337:
NOTE To learn about accessing share
Page 1338 and 1339:
Figure 19-54 Windows 7 red X error
Page 1340 and 1341:
a loopback test. A loopback test se
Page 1342 and 1343:
TonersIt would be nice to say that
Page 1344 and 1345:
To trace a cable, connect the tone
Page 1346 and 1347:
The net use command is a command-li
Page 1348 and 1349:
Because the cache is temporary, you
Page 1350 and 1351:
computers?A. net sendB. show net_se
Page 1352 and 1353:
CHAPTER 20Wireless NetworkingIn thi
Page 1354 and 1355:
Figure 20-2 Wireless PCIe add-on ca
Page 1356 and 1357:
Figure 20-4 Smartphone with wireles
Page 1358 and 1359:
both power and a network connection
Page 1360 and 1361:
access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CA
Page 1362 and 1363:
in direct contact with every other
Page 1364 and 1365:
as Internet connections and central
Page 1366 and 1367:
all—except on a CompTIA A+ exam q
Page 1368 and 1369:
vulnerable to attack. Although WEP
Page 1370 and 1371:
Let’s say you want to connect a W
Page 1372 and 1373:
Wireless Networking StandardsMost w
Page 1374 and 1375:
11 Mbps (with actual throughput ave
Page 1376 and 1377:
802.11x.Table 20-1 Comparison of 80
Page 1378 and 1379:
NOTE Apple and Linux computers also
Page 1380 and 1381:
some devices (such as a Bluetooth h
Page 1382 and 1383:
Ad Hoc ModeAd hoc mode wireless net
Page 1384 and 1385:
Most consumer WAPs have an integrat
Page 1386 and 1387:
analyzer to find the “quietest”
Page 1388 and 1389:
—the usual choices are either 64-
Page 1390 and 1391:
password can offer. Their networks
Page 1392 and 1393:
Figure 20-19 Changing the channelWi
Page 1394 and 1395:
use—anything within the signal ra
Page 1396 and 1397:
It’s a Polarizing Issue Antennas
Page 1398 and 1399:
Figure 20-23 Goggle Nexus receiving
Page 1400 and 1401:
Figure 20-24 macOS Bluetooth PAN co
Page 1402 and 1403:
As with any troubleshooting scenari
Page 1404 and 1405:
By the time you unpack your new WAP
Page 1406 and 1407:
Figure 20-26 Windows 10’s wireles
Page 1408 and 1409:
A. Hi-EncryptB. WEPC. WPAD. WPA23.
Page 1410 and 1411:
4. A. In ad hoc mode networks, all
Page 1412 and 1413:
How the Internet WorksThanks to the
Page 1414 and 1415:
Figure 21-2 Message traveling from
Page 1416 and 1417:
Figure 21-4 Electric Power Board (E
Page 1418 and 1419:
in Chapter 19. Wireless connections
Page 1420 and 1421:
Figure 21-7 Modem converting analog
Page 1422 and 1423:
Figure 21-9 A USB modemDial-Up Netw
Page 1424 and 1425:
then hear someone saying, “Hello?
Page 1426 and 1427:
house to install the DSL receiver,
Page 1428 and 1429:
in modern networking. Both DSL and
Page 1430 and 1431:
the Internet. Wireless access point
Page 1432 and 1433:
Figure 21-16 iPhone connecting over
Page 1434 and 1435:
NOTE LTE has become synonymous with
Page 1436 and 1437:
SatelliteSatellite connections to t
Page 1438 and 1439:
Figure 21-19 Common SOHO router wit
Page 1440 and 1441:
Figure 21-21 Configuration home pag
Page 1442 and 1443:
most people, but for some home user
Page 1444 and 1445:
Figure 21-24 Firmware update pageIn
Page 1446 and 1447:
Figure 21-25 A secure Web pageIn or
Page 1448 and 1449:
Refer to Chapter 19 if you need a r
Page 1450 and 1451:
other settings. Although all Web br
Page 1452 and 1453:
Figure 21-28 The Security tab in In
Page 1454 and 1455:
explaining the options available to
Page 1456 and 1457:
Configuring Other Web BrowsersI wan
Page 1458 and 1459:
Figure 21-31 Google Chrome Settings
Page 1460 and 1461:
sending and receiving stuff and thu
Page 1462 and 1463:
Figure 21-33 Windows 10 MailFile Tr
Page 1464 and 1465:
Figure 21-35 The Cyberduck FTP prog
Page 1466 and 1467:
every desk? Why not just use the ex
Page 1468 and 1469:
ever-handy ping, so try this!1. Run
Page 1470 and 1471:
Figure 21-39 Windows Remote Desktop
Page 1472 and 1473:
Figure 21-40 Creating a Remote Assi
Page 1474 and 1475:
Figure 21-41 VPN connecting compute
Page 1476 and 1477:
Figure 21-43 Endpoints must have th
Page 1478 and 1479:
Figure 21-45 VPN connection in Wind
Page 1480 and 1481:
something is, the more quickly flow
Page 1482 and 1483:
SNMP. The third, SMB, is more commo
Page 1484 and 1485:
Home Automation: ThermostatsYou can
Page 1486 and 1487:
Figure 21-50 Controlling lighting o
Page 1488 and 1489:
devices.Setting up these personal a
Page 1490 and 1491:
1. Can you get to other Web sites?
Page 1492 and 1493:
unavailable resources, such as no a
Page 1494 and 1495:
Figure 21-55 No WAN connectionSlow
Page 1496 and 1497:
Figure 21-56 QoSBeyond A+The areas
Page 1498 and 1499:
Figure 21-58 My editor playing Worl
Page 1500 and 1501:
C. 80 = HTTPSD. 22 = SSH8. What opt
Page 1502 and 1503:
CHAPTER 22VirtualizationIn this cha
Page 1504 and 1505:
Before virtualization, each OS need
Page 1506 and 1507:
Figure 22-2 Saving a snapshotEXAM T
Page 1508 and 1509:
Figure 22-4 Supervisor on a generic
Page 1510 and 1511:
Figure 22-6 Author’s busy VMware
Page 1512 and 1513:
Figure 22-9 Parallels DesktopThis i
Page 1514 and 1515:
Figure 22-10 Super Nintendo emulato
Page 1516 and 1517:
• Leave enough RAM for the hyperv
Page 1518 and 1519:
can “virtually” network them. D
Page 1520 and 1521:
with a switch. The answer is actual
Page 1522 and 1523:
Figure 22-15 Installing Hyper-V in
Page 1524 and 1525:
Figure 22-17 Creating a new VM in O
Page 1526 and 1527:
Figure 22-19 Setting the virtual dr
Page 1528 and 1529:
Figure 22-21 Fedora Workstation run
Page 1530 and 1531:
Server-Side VirtualizationWhen it c
Page 1532 and 1533:
Figure 22-24 Web interface for ESXi
Page 1534 and 1535:
handle on how it increases flexibil
Page 1536 and 1537:
on a single server that was also ho
Page 1538 and 1539:
Dropbox, Gmail, and Facebook, which
Page 1540 and 1541:
Figure 22-30 Amazon Simple Storage
Page 1542 and 1543:
Figure 22-31 Heroku’s management
Page 1544 and 1545:
EXAM TIP Know the differences betwe
Page 1546 and 1547:
Sometimes we can have our cake and
Page 1548 and 1549:
Resource PoolingAny time you can co
Page 1550 and 1551:
successes in getting people to move
Page 1552 and 1553:
D. Network as a Service8. Powerful
Page 1554 and 1555:
CHAPTER 23Portable ComputingIn this
Page 1556 and 1557:
Figure 23-1 An older notebook compu
Page 1558 and 1559:
(right)• Gaming laptops, which te
Page 1560 and 1561:
functional keyboard and a device to
Page 1562 and 1563:
surface to move the pointer, and ta
Page 1564 and 1565:
see everything I click or type, but
Page 1566 and 1567:
device that would operate unplugged
Page 1568 and 1569:
DisplayMost laptops support a secon
Page 1570 and 1571:
EXAM TIP The CompTIA A+ 1001 exam o
Page 1572 and 1573:
life.Figure 23-13 Wireless switchEX
Page 1574 and 1575:
Figure 23-15 34-mm and 54-mm Expres
Page 1576 and 1577:
Figure 23-16 Devices attached to US
Page 1578 and 1579:
clean up unwanted files. That said,
Page 1580 and 1581:
true! See if you can find one in yo
Page 1582 and 1583:
power is restored after an outage.O
Page 1584 and 1585:
power plan optionsNOTE While you ca
Page 1586 and 1587:
the Change advanced power settings
Page 1588 and 1589:
Figure 23-26 Offline Files dialog b
Page 1590 and 1591:
fail on laptops, causing overheatin
Page 1592 and 1593:
ShippingMuch of the storage and tra
Page 1594 and 1595:
and the shrinking size of portable
Page 1596 and 1597:
Now that you have the official line
Page 1598 and 1599:
Figure 23-31 Some of the Dell lapto
Page 1600 and 1601:
has, so the computer uses the page
Page 1602 and 1603:
removable batteries! Failure to dis
Page 1604 and 1605:
NOTE If you have a newer portable,
Page 1606 and 1607:
Figure 23-37 Inserting a replacemen
Page 1608 and 1609:
need to hunt down the part number u
Page 1610 and 1611:
Figure 23-39 CPU heat-sink and fan
Page 1612 and 1613:
display needs to happen. These are
Page 1614 and 1615:
device receives power, the outlet i
Page 1616 and 1617:
inconsistent reboots, graphical gli
Page 1618 and 1619:
Wireless Devices (Bluetooth, Wi-Fi,
Page 1620 and 1621:
are prone to unseating from any phy
Page 1622 and 1623:
D. Store them in a cool, dry place.
Page 1624 and 1625:
B. The laptop uses a CRT display.C.
Page 1626 and 1627:
Windows, macOS, or some Linux distr
Page 1628 and 1629:
Figure 24-1 RIM BlackBerry (courtes
Page 1630 and 1631:
large smartphones (without the phon
Page 1632 and 1633:
and media use, purpose-built e-read
Page 1634 and 1635:
body, and more sophisticated fitnes
Page 1636 and 1637:
Figure 24-9 VR headset/player (who
Page 1638 and 1639:
Mobile Hardware FeaturesMuch of the
Page 1640 and 1641:
When electrical engineers talk abou
Page 1642 and 1643:
Figure 24-13 Find My iPhone appStan
Page 1644 and 1645:
Figure 24-14 Turning off LocationEX
Page 1646 and 1647:
open standards. The terms are relat
Page 1648 and 1649:
Apple’s closed-source mobile oper
Page 1650 and 1651:
Figure 24-16 Android 8 (Oreo)Androi
Page 1652 and 1653:
ship devices preloaded with launche
Page 1654 and 1655:
Virtual assistants can also be usef
Page 1656 and 1657:
AMBER Alerts. Many of these emergen
Page 1658 and 1659:
Figure 24-19 Airplane mode enabled
Page 1660 and 1661:
the battery compartment of the mobi
Page 1662 and 1663:
Figure 24-21 IMEI and ICCID numbers
Page 1664 and 1665:
Figure 24-22 Configuring a VPNAn SS
Page 1666 and 1667:
areas of importance to techs. First
Page 1668 and 1669:
Figure 24-25 Apple Keynote on an iP
Page 1670 and 1671:
Figure 24-28 ASUS proprietary power
Page 1672 and 1673:
steps to set up a tablet with a Blu
Page 1674 and 1675:
32).Figure 24-32 Searching for Monu
Page 1676 and 1677:
store many non-Apple credentials as
Page 1678 and 1679:
Figure 24-34 Selecting the Settings
Page 1680 and 1681:
After you connect to a network succ
Page 1682 and 1683:
Figure 24-36 Passwords & Accounts s
Page 1684 and 1685:
primary account, so you’ll find G
Page 1686 and 1687:
process, the CompTIA A+ 1001 object
Page 1688 and 1689:
Synchronize to the AutomobileAutomo
Page 1690 and 1691:
You are at the mercy of the securit
Page 1692 and 1693:
need a 2.4-GHz CPU with two or more
Page 1694 and 1695:
proprietary vendor-specific ports a
Page 1696 and 1697:
Figure 24-43 Prompting for PINEXAM
Page 1698 and 1699:
Figure 24-44 Magnetic credit card r
Page 1700 and 1701:
connection and turn on an additiona
Page 1702 and 1703:
EXAM TIP Removable batteries can us
Page 1704 and 1705:
the options to enable the device.D.
Page 1706 and 1707:
9. C. To connect an Android-based t
Page 1708 and 1709:
happen across all varieties, types,
Page 1710 and 1711:
All of the mobile operating systems
Page 1712 and 1713:
On mobile devices, the term soft re
Page 1714 and 1715:
output. If it doesn’t, there may
Page 1716 and 1717:
manufacturer and remove and replace
Page 1718 and 1719:
NOTE This section details reasons a
Page 1720 and 1721:
can be a big clue. Use the recommen
Page 1722 and 1723:
Figure 25-4 Battery usage for a sma
Page 1724 and 1725:
location services, some small diffe
Page 1726 and 1727:
Frozen SystemWhile a mobile device
Page 1728 and 1729:
which one may actually be muting th
Page 1730 and 1731:
Figure 25-5 Option to disable cellu
Page 1732 and 1733:
Typically, a warning message will i
Page 1734 and 1735:
For an e-mail message to be secure,
Page 1736 and 1737:
A profile is a collection of config
Page 1738 and 1739:
scratch across the lens! You’ll g
Page 1740 and 1741:
and work on all the devices used in
Page 1742 and 1743:
and symptoms of malware infections.
Page 1744 and 1745:
25-12).Figure 25-12 Selecting items
Page 1746 and 1747:
something the user either is or som
Page 1748 and 1749:
Figure 25-14 Face ID optionsAuthent
Page 1750 and 1751:
from unapproved or unofficial sourc
Page 1752 and 1753:
Mobile OS and Application Security
Page 1754 and 1755:
Figure 25-16 A Wi-Fi analyzer app o
Page 1756 and 1757:
it’s full of molasses and constan
Page 1758 and 1759:
today?Backup and Restore Maintainin
Page 1760 and 1761:
periodically updated, but there is
Page 1762 and 1763:
and desktop, plus what was availabl
Page 1764 and 1765:
should always be weighed against th
Page 1766 and 1767:
NOTE Some of the most sophisticated
Page 1768 and 1769:
1. After five minutes of struggling
Page 1770 and 1771:
Answers1. C. After five minutes of
Page 1772 and 1773:
and concludes with troubleshooting
Page 1774 and 1775:
printwires, to strike an inked prin
Page 1776 and 1777:
Figure 26-4 Typical inkjet printerF
Page 1778 and 1779:
or deal with a messy refill kit.Pri
Page 1780 and 1781:
Printer speed is a key determinant
Page 1782 and 1783:
past the heating element; some rece
Page 1784 and 1785:
Figure 26-10 Components inside a la
Page 1786 and 1787:
roller is charged with an extremely
Page 1788 and 1789:
mirror, must be moved back and fort
Page 1790 and 1791:
Figure 26-12 3-D printerFigure 26-1
Page 1792 and 1793:
Figure 26-15 Managing a new 3-D pri
Page 1794 and 1795:
sends it out over the Internet or o
Page 1796 and 1797:
over GDI, including enhanced color
Page 1798 and 1799:
you push the front button on the Ep
Page 1800 and 1801:
manipulate by using a word processi
Page 1802 and 1803:
black-and-white images in any signi
Page 1804 and 1805:
Figure 26-23 Wonderfully descriptiv
Page 1806 and 1807:
EXAM TIP You’ll find print server
Page 1808 and 1809:
the complexity, or turning off RET
Page 1810 and 1811:
Figure 26-25 Charging the drum with
Page 1812 and 1813:
printer ejects the printed copy and
Page 1814 and 1815:
bombard the surface of the drum wit
Page 1816 and 1817:
printer automatically redirects the
Page 1818 and 1819:
Driver Installation policy to allow
Page 1820 and 1821:
EXAM TIP Windows-based printer shar
Page 1822 and 1823:
Figure 26-33 Options for finding ne
Page 1824 and 1825:
Figure 26-34 Installed default prin
Page 1826 and 1827:
We’ll hit group policy in Chapter
Page 1828 and 1829:
optimize printing for graphics or t
Page 1830 and 1831:
security and data privacy.Network S
Page 1832 and 1833:
error codes that indicate the probl
Page 1834 and 1835:
properties. In the resulting Proper
Page 1836 and 1837:
Figure 26-37 Page Setup options for
Page 1838 and 1839:
Color Prints in Wrong ColorIf you p
Page 1840 and 1841:
Don’t forget to replace the ink r
Page 1842 and 1843:
Figure 26-38 Inkjet printer mainten
Page 1844 and 1845:
Every inkjet printer has a differen
Page 1846 and 1847:
slip and jam paper. They are easily
Page 1848 and 1849:
the process.Laser Printer ProblemsL
Page 1850 and 1851:
cartridge.Embossed Effect If your p
Page 1852 and 1853:
hear popping noises; checking the c
Page 1854 and 1855:
7. Which one of the following port
Page 1856 and 1857:
CHAPTER 27Securing ComputersIn this
Page 1858 and 1859:
Not all unauthorized access is mali
Page 1860 and 1861:
this gambit, the attacker first lea
Page 1862 and 1863:
least afford for it to happen. Hard
Page 1864 and 1865:
PowerWe’ve covered power issues e
Page 1866 and 1867:
Figure 27-3 Air-conditioning vent i
Page 1868 and 1869:
you’ll almost certainly find a co
Page 1870 and 1871:
Lock Down SystemsOnce an attacker h
Page 1872 and 1873:
MAC Address FilteringIt’s far fro
Page 1874 and 1875:
Figure 27-6 BIOS/UEFI access passwo
Page 1876 and 1877:
To counter this problem, Blizzard E
Page 1878 and 1879:
where you place your eye up to a sc
Page 1880 and 1881:
for an access control list (ACL), a
Page 1882 and 1883:
Figure 27-14 Local Security PolicyL
Page 1884 and 1885:
• Minimum Password Length Forces
Page 1886 and 1887:
• Personally identifiable informa
Page 1888 and 1889:
plenty of open source programs with
Page 1890 and 1891:
The CompTIA A+ certification exams
Page 1892 and 1893:
printout at a printer and suddenly
Page 1894 and 1895:
stealing private information. A vir
Page 1896 and 1897:
Figure 27-18 Gator Corporation’s
Page 1898 and 1899:
network can be spoofed. Here are a
Page 1900 and 1901:
EXAM TIP For the exam, know that ra
Page 1902 and 1903:
safe(ish), but be suspicious of any
Page 1904 and 1905:
Figure 27-21 MalwarebytesSpam E-mai
Page 1906 and 1907:
might get automated replies from un
Page 1908 and 1909:
Figure 27-22 Windows 7 Action Cente
Page 1910 and 1911:
NOTE The term antivirus (and antisp
Page 1912 and 1913:
Figure 27-23 Attack site warningNob
Page 1914 and 1915:
anti-malware companies provide boot
Page 1916 and 1917:
before seems very sluggish.Many net
Page 1918 and 1919:
16), you have access to more repair
Page 1920 and 1921:
Figure 27-26 ASUS router as a firew
Page 1922 and 1923:
Figure 27-28 SPI firewall settings
Page 1924 and 1925:
Figure 27-30 Port triggeringIf you
Page 1926 and 1927:
Figure 27-32 Windows 10 Firewall se
Page 1928 and 1929:
Figure 27-33 Windows 10 network opt
Page 1930 and 1931:
Figure 27-35 Windows Defender Firew
Page 1932 and 1933:
scope of an A+ tech’s duties, the
Page 1934 and 1935:
Data EncryptionEncryption methods d
Page 1936 and 1937:
decrypt the incoming data. These pu
Page 1938 and 1939:
Figure 27-39 Incoming certificateWe
Page 1940 and 1941:
3. Which of the following tools wou
Page 1942 and 1943:
1. D. Social engineering is the pro
Page 1944 and 1945:
Organizations need documentation to
Page 1946 and 1947:
Figure 28-2 A sampling of Cisco net
Page 1948 and 1949:
Inventory ManagementTechs help orga
Page 1950 and 1951:
Change Management ProcessesA change
Page 1952 and 1953:
acceptance is vital for successful
Page 1954 and 1955:
Companies can and should secure all
Page 1956 and 1957:
Figure 28-6 Using a thumb drive to
Page 1958 and 1959:
NOTE There’s no guarantee data or
Page 1960 and 1961:
fit for image backups, it’ll help
Page 1962 and 1963:
hauling a shipping container stuffe
Page 1964 and 1965:
Figure 28-9 Users with local accoun
Page 1966 and 1967:
B. She should perform a risk analys
Page 1968 and 1969:
unforeseen and negative happens.5.
Page 1991:
220-1002 Exam Objectives
Page 2023 and 2024:
Seminars, but this is not required
Page 2025 and 2026:
In no event will McGraw-Hill Educat
Page 2027 and 2028:
Home page. Click the Resources tab,
Page 2029 and 2030:
typically by melting material (such
Page 2031 and 2032:
application) is legitimate. Usually
Page 2033 and 2034:
Intel specifically for video that r
Page 2035 and 2036:
selected peripherals. In 1996, APM
Page 2037 and 2038:
based IBM computer. Many aspects of
Page 2039 and 2040:
backlighting, and edge LED backligh
Page 2041 and 2042:
BIOS (basic input/output services)
Page 2043 and 2044:
the same signal.brightness control
Page 2045 and 2046:
modern digital camcorders record to
Page 2047 and 2048:
cellular wireless networks Networks
Page 2049 and 2050:
graphical Error checking tool.chmod
Page 2051 and 2052:
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide sem
Page 2053 and 2054:
compliance Concept that members of
Page 2055 and 2056:
Control Panel Collection of Windows
Page 2057 and 2058:
provider without obvious notice.dat
Page 2059 and 2060:
clusters. The result is an improvem
Page 2061 and 2062:
Disk Cleanup Utility built into Win
Page 2063 and 2064:
DLT (digital linear tape) High-spee
Page 2065 and 2066:
including all data, software, and c
Page 2067 and 2068:
dynamic range Gamut of color or int
Page 2069 and 2070:
end-user acceptance Change manageme
Page 2071 and 2072:
entry in the Security Log when cert
Page 2073 and 2074:
fiber optic cable High-speed cable
Page 2075 and 2076:
sophisticated fitness bands and wat
Page 2077 and 2078:
fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
Page 2079 and 2080:
needing to use dynamic disks.Google
Page 2081 and 2082:
hardware virtualization support Pro
Page 2083 and 2084:
HomeGroup A Windows feature that co
Page 2085 and 2086:
iCloud Apple cloud-based storage. i
Page 2087 and 2088:
impact printer Uses pins and inked
Page 2089 and 2090:
looking for active intrusions. Func
Page 2091 and 2092:
ISP (Internet service provider) Com
Page 2093 and 2094:
the head of sharks by bad guys. Not
Page 2095 and 2096:
liquid contact indicator (LCI) Smal
Page 2097 and 2098:
Mac Also Macintosh. Common name for
Page 2099 and 2100:
mass storage Hard drives, optical d
Page 2101 and 2102:
central processing unit (CPU).micro
Page 2103 and 2104:
mobile hotspot A mobile device that
Page 2105 and 2106:
multifunction device (MFD) See MFD.
Page 2107 and 2108:
outbound TCP/IP connections with th
Page 2109 and 2110:
nonvolatile Describes storage that
Page 2111 and 2112:
open source software Software for w
Page 2113 and 2114:
lines to a device, usually a very o
Page 2115 and 2116:
PCIe (PCI Express) Serialized succe
Page 2117 and 2118:
Phillips-head screwdriver Most impo
Page 2119 and 2120:
polymorphic virus Virus that attemp
Page 2121 and 2122:
power supply fan Small fan located
Page 2123 and 2124:
will be configured with a particula
Page 2125 and 2126:
Public folder Folder that all users
Page 2127 and 2128:
preceding address. This term is oft
Page 2129 and 2130:
remnant Potentially recoverable dat
Page 2131 and 2132:
dots to smooth out jagged edges tha
Page 2133 and 2134:
For example, an IP router looks onl
Page 2135 and 2136:
user interface (UI) will switch bet
Page 2137 and 2138:
Service Location Protocol (SLP) Pro
Page 2139 and 2140:
single rail Power supply configurat
Page 2141 and 2142:
software token Programming (usually
Page 2143 and 2144:
ST Type of fiber optic connector. S
Page 2145 and 2146:
increased speed.strong password Pas
Page 2147 and 2148:
system bus speed Speed at which the
Page 2149 and 2150:
tap Touchscreen gesture where you p
Page 2151 and 2152:
thermal paste Paste-like material w
Page 2153 and 2154:
topology The way computers connect
Page 2155 and 2156:
trusted root CA A highly respected
Page 2157 and 2158:
UPS (uninterruptible power supply)
Page 2159 and 2160:
intervals. The twists serve to redu
Page 2161 and 2162:
could run its own VM containing a v
Page 2163 and 2164:
WAN (wide area network) A widesprea
Page 2165 and 2166:
Windows PowerShell Command-line too
Page 2167 and 2168:
xcopy Command-line tool used to cop
Page 2169 and 2170:
10BaseT Ethernet, 807, 810, 118316:
Page 2171 and 2172:
active cooling, CPUs, 119Active Dir
Page 2173 and 2174:
Advanced Sharing, folders, 865-867A
Page 2175 and 2176:
answers, professional techniques fo
Page 2177 and 2178:
as apps in Windows 8/8.1, 44buildin
Page 2179 and 2180:
auditing, in Event Viewer, 1262-126
Page 2181 and 2182:
critical application, 1310-1312file
Page 2183 and 2184:
overview of, 407-408scanners, 1251B
Page 2185 and 2186:
Boot Configuration Data. See BCD (B
Page 2187 and 2188:
Thunderbolt, copper or fiber, 400US
Page 2189 and 2190:
CD-rewritable (CD-RW) discs, 432CD-
Page 2191 and 2192:
CL numbers, RAM latency, 148classes
Page 2193 and 2194:
synchronizing mobile device data to
Page 2195 and 2196:
command mode, vi text editor, 668-6
Page 2197 and 2198:
access control. See access controla
Page 2199 and 2200:
mass storage, 295-304mobile device
Page 2201 and 2202:
OEM CPU coolers, 119overview of, 11
Page 2203 and 2204:
cron command, scheduling maintenanc
Page 2205 and 2206:
Debugging mode, Windows, 710dedicat
Page 2207 and 2208:
troubleshooting limited connectivit
Page 2209 and 2210:
disaster prevention and recoverybac
Page 2211 and 2212:
Display Settings, Windows 10Advance
Page 2213 and 2214:
organization of, 872-873Windows, 86
Page 2215 and 2216:
dual inline memory modules. See DIM
Page 2217 and 2218:
effective permissions, 1255EFS (enc
Page 2219 and 2220:
error codeslaser printer, 1232troub
Page 2221 and 2222:
.exe extension, 495, 648executable
Page 2223 and 2224:
Registry and, 706failure to start n
Page 2225 and 2226:
Linux, 59macOS, 59overview of, 55-5
Page 2227 and 2228:
mobile device storage using, 1111ov
Page 2229 and 2230:
frame, replacing laptop, 1072Fraunh
Page 2231 and 2232:
UTP cabling for, 809gigabyte (GB),
Page 2233 and 2234:
configuring in Windows, 533-536grou
Page 2235 and 2236:
compatibility between OSs, 43CompTI
Page 2237 and 2238:
mobile device CPUs and, 100-101port
Page 2239 and 2240:
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Page 2241 and 2242:
network connection settings, 663-66
Page 2243 and 2244:
input/output services. See BIOS (ba
Page 2245 and 2246:
selecting CPU, 114-115socketed CPU
Page 2247 and 2248:
tiered concept of, 936-938troublesh
Page 2249 and 2250:
overview of, 835subnet mask, 835-83
Page 2251 and 2252:
Windows 8/8.1, 47keylogger malware,
Page 2253 and 2254:
paper not feeding, 1235periodic mai
Page 2255 and 2256:
levels, UAC, 569-571LGA (land grid
Page 2257 and 2258:
live CD, as complete OS on CD, 385-
Page 2259 and 2260:
MM (mega), in computing, 94M.2 form
Page 2261 and 2262:
scheduling, 589-590making directori
Page 2263 and 2264:
magnetic hard drives (HDDs), 290-29
Page 2265 and 2266:
microATX (mATX) motherboard, 209, 2
Page 2267 and 2268:
purpose-built, 1088-1089review Q &
Page 2269 and 2270:
unauthorized root access, 1175-1176
Page 2271 and 2272:
overview of, 205-206RAID, 217review
Page 2273 and 2274:
multimode fiber, single-mode fiber
Page 2275 and 2276:
Internet appliances, 1292-1293intru
Page 2277 and 2278:
Night light option, Windows 10, 769
Page 2279 and 2280:
your Total Seminars Training Hub ac
Page 2281 and 2282:
installation process, 461-462mobile
Page 2283 and 2284:
Ownership permission, NTFS, 544, 54
Page 2285 and 2286:
troubleshooting installation errors
Page 2287 and 2288:
internal modems connecting to, 942o
Page 2289 and 2290:
need physical connection to CPU, 16
Page 2291 and 2292:
defines aspect ratio of picture, 74
Page 2293 and 2294:
portsAndroid, 1114ATX form factor,
Page 2295 and 2296:
power suppliescooling, 276-281elect
Page 2297 and 2298:
automatic document feeder (ADF), 12
Page 2299 and 2300:
laser printing, 1205-1206overview o
Page 2301 and 2302:
purpose of change, 1306pwd (working
Page 2303 and 2304:
address bus and, 92-96audio editing
Page 2305 and 2306:
reading apps, dim display on mobile
Page 2307 and 2308:
company policies, 1303hazardous che
Page 2309 and 2310:
troubleshooting mobile security, 11
Page 2311 and 2312:
routersbackbone, 936-938connecting
Page 2313 and 2314:
connecting SSDs, 315-316internal op
Page 2315 and 2316:
secpol.msc command, accessing Local
Page 2317 and 2318:
Service Location Protocol (SLP), 98
Page 2319 and 2320:
Shrink Volume, without using dynami
Page 2321 and 2322:
emergency capabilities, 1105-1106en
Page 2323 and 2324:
Windows 8/8.1, 44-51Windows 10, 51-
Page 2325 and 2326:
Ethernet network, 807fiber, 947-948
Page 2327 and 2328:
computing process, 35-37CPU, 104-10
Page 2329 and 2330:
stranded core UTP cabling, 820, 824
Page 2331 and 2332:
credentials on iOS and, 1117issues,
Page 2333 and 2334:
mobile operating systems of, 1036ov
Page 2335 and 2336:
in Windows 8/8.1, 65-69in Windows 1
Page 2337 and 2338:
benefits of virtualization, 1000-10
Page 2339 and 2340:
technical support for, 1362TotalSim
Page 2341 and 2342:
RAM, 162-165video problems, 787-793
Page 2343 and 2344:
overview of, 564-568UBCD (Ultimate
Page 2345 and 2346:
updating drivers in macOS, 609-610v
Page 2347 and 2348:
printer/multifunction device connec
Page 2349 and 2350:
Windows 8 Task Manager, 511, 513USM
Page 2351 and 2352:
connectors, 754-758flat-panel, 738L
Page 2353 and 2354:
service layer cake, 1023-1028Softwa
Page 2355 and 2356:
VR (virtual reality) headsets, 753-
Page 2357 and 2358:
802.11b, 908-909802.11g, 909802.11n
Page 2359 and 2360:
viewing directory contents, 639XPS
Page 2361 and 2362:
accessing CLI, 68, 629-631chkdsk (/
Page 2363 and 2364:
Windows Store, purchasing apps, 47W
Page 2365 and 2366:
user names and passwords, 863-864wo
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