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CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide

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could run its own VM containing a virtual desktop, or just connect to a virtual

desktop running on a remote server.

virtual machine (VM) A complete environment for a guest operating

system to function as though that operating system were installed on its own

computer.

virtual machine manager (VMM) See hypervisor.

virtual memory Portion of the hard drive set aside by an OS to act like

RAM when the system needs more RAM than is installed. A file containing

this data is typically called a page file in Windows and a swap file in UNIX

platforms like Linux and macOS.

Virtual Network Computing (VNC) Protocol enabling remote desktop

connections. See remote desktop.

virtual NIC Software network interface for a virtual machine. For access to

a broader network than the host system is connected to, the virtual NIC needs

to be bridged to the host’s physical NIC. This enables the virtual NIC to

receive an address from DHCP, just like a physical NIC.

virtual printer Software that presents itself as a printer, but does something

else rather than just print the document, such as saving it to a given file type.

virtual reality See VR.

virtual switch A non-physical version of a hardware switch, made by a

hypervisor to network virtual machines.

virtualization workstation A computer workstation for simultaneous work

in multiple virtual machines. Requires enough power for the host OS, plus

any virtual machines, including their operating systems and software. In

practice, this means a powerful 64-bit CPU with many cores and maximum

RAM.

virus A virus is a program that has two jobs: to replicate and to activate.

Replication means it copies itself. Activation is when a virus damages a

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