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CompTIA A+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide

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The chkdsk (checkdisk) command scans, detects, and repairs file system

issues and errors. You can run the chkdsk utility from a command prompt

with the switches /f and /r. The /f switch attempts to fix file system–related

errors, while the /r switch attempts to locate and repair bad sectors. To run

successfully, chkdsk needs direct access to a drive. In other words, the drive

needs to be “unlocked.” For example, if you run chkdsk /f /r and chkdsk does

not consider your drive unlocked, you will receive a “cannot lock current

drive” message, meaning that another process has the drive locked and is

preventing chkdsk from locking the drive itself. After this, chkdsk presents

you with the option to run it the next time the system restarts (see Figure 15-

13).

Figure 15-13 The chkdsk /f /r utility and switches on a locked drive

format

After the previous chapters, you should have an expert-level knowledge of

(or, at the very least, a passing familiarity with) formatting and partitioning

hard drives. Formatting, you may remember, is the process of writing a new

file system to a volume (or partition, if you’re old school) so it can hold an

operating system or data. We have already discussed the various built-in

Windows utilities available to provide the formatting of drives, and you no

doubt know that many third-party formatting tools are out there. In this

chapter, you just need to become familiar with the format command and its

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