Environmental Internship Program - 2023 Booklet

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Isabel Liu ’26 COMPUTER SCIENCE CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE PROJECT TITLE Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Storage in Water-saturated Bentonite Clay Systems ORGANIZATION(S) Interfacial Water Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University LOCATION(S) Princeton, New Jersey MENTOR(S) Ian Bourg, Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the High Meadows Environmental Institute; Xiaojin Zheng, Postdoctoral Research Associate, Civil and Environmental Engineering Montmorillonite is a smectite clay mineral that is useful for defining fluid migration pathways and investigating gas storage due to its high swelling pressure and low permeability. In this study, I researched carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage in the subsurface environment, specifically in the interlayer space of montmorillonite that hosts water molecules and hydrated cations. These two gases are stored very differently, but both are important for environmental and industrial reasons; while carbon dioxide is intended to be conserved as long and stably as possible at a depth of more than 800 meters to alleviate global warming, hydrogen is stored at a more superficial level for seasonal injection and removed for industrial purposes. To lay the groundwork for permeability analyses, I used the programs LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulator, Visual Molecular Dynamics and MATLAB to simulate carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas storage in montmorillonite clay at different water saturations. I found it inspiring to be able to use computer simulations to estimate realistic dynamics between molecules and explore this important industrial application at minimal cost. Through this experience, I acquired many technical skills, learned to develop my creativity and gained important insights into geosystems engineering. 28

Maddie Machado ’25 ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Certificate: Environmental Studies PROJECT TITLE Plant Pathogens in a High-altitude System ORGANIZATION(S) Metcalf Lab, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University LOCATION(S) Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado I worked as part of a team studying “flax rust,” a fungal infection that affects the flax wildflower in the Gunnison Valley in Colorado. Working in sites across low, middle and high elevations, we conducted repeat surveys in areas between 50 and 200 square meters of plant height, degree of disease infection as determined by the surface area covered by fungal pustules, soil moisture, wind direction, wind speed and several other climatic variables. Ultimately, we hope these data will help predict the dynamics between the flax plant and flax rust, as climate change contributes to hotter and drier conditions in the Gunnison Valley. I enjoyed my time in Gothic at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory because I was exposed to many other research studies happening nearby and was able to collaborate with and learn from other ecologists. CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE MENTOR(S) C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Associate Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Public Affairs, Princeton University; Keenan Duggal, Research Associate, High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University; Juliana Jiranek, Ph.D. candidate, Biology, University of Virginia 29

Maddie Machado ’25<br />

ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY<br />

Certificate: <strong>Environmental</strong> Studies<br />

PROJECT TITLE<br />

Plant Pathogens in a<br />

High-altitude System<br />

ORGANIZATION(S)<br />

Metcalf Lab,<br />

Department of Ecology<br />

and Evolutionary Biology,<br />

Princeton University<br />

LOCATION(S)<br />

Rocky Mountain<br />

Biological Laboratory,<br />

Gothic, Colorado<br />

I worked as part of a team studying “flax rust,” a<br />

fungal infection that affects the flax wildflower<br />

in the Gunnison Valley in Colorado. Working in<br />

sites across low, middle and high elevations, we<br />

conducted repeat surveys in areas between 50<br />

and 200 square meters of plant height, degree of<br />

disease infection as determined by the surface<br />

area covered by fungal pustules, soil moisture,<br />

wind direction, wind speed and several other<br />

climatic variables. Ultimately, we hope these data<br />

will help predict the dynamics between the flax<br />

plant and flax rust, as climate change contributes<br />

to hotter and drier conditions in the Gunnison<br />

Valley. I enjoyed my time in Gothic at the Rocky<br />

Mountain Biological Laboratory because I<br />

was exposed to many other research studies<br />

happening nearby and was able to collaborate<br />

with and learn from other ecologists.<br />

CLIMATE AND<br />

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE<br />

MENTOR(S)<br />

C. Jessica E. Metcalf,<br />

Associate Professor of<br />

Ecology and Evolutionary<br />

Biology and Public Affairs,<br />

Princeton University;<br />

Keenan Duggal, Research<br />

Associate, High Meadows<br />

<strong>Environmental</strong> Institute,<br />

Princeton University;<br />

Juliana Jiranek, Ph.D.<br />

candidate, Biology,<br />

University of Virginia<br />

29

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