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Welcome to<br />
the Flemish<br />
Parliament
Welcome to the Flemish<br />
Parliament<br />
In 1995 the Flemish people elected their own<br />
parliament for the first time. A milestone <strong>in</strong><br />
the evolution of Flanders <strong>in</strong>to an autonomous<br />
federated state with<strong>in</strong> federal Belgium. A<br />
year later, Flemish MPs moved <strong>in</strong>to their own<br />
parliament build<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
The glass dome that spans the hemicycle is<br />
the most recognisable element of our Flemish<br />
Parliament. It symbolises the connectedness<br />
- everyone should feel at home under this roof - but<br />
also the openness, the transparency of this house.<br />
Because you are entitled to see what happens here.<br />
This is where the people you elected have their<br />
workplace and where they give you a voice.<br />
This brochure is an <strong>in</strong>troduction to the function<strong>in</strong>g<br />
of the Flemish Parliament. Parliament is a<br />
forum of democracy: the place where the people<br />
who represent you debate and make decisions.<br />
Parliament also monitors the function<strong>in</strong>g of the<br />
Government of Flanders and approves the budget.<br />
After all, you want to know if those you elected<br />
are do<strong>in</strong>g a good job. Therefore, I <strong>in</strong>vite you to<br />
attend a meet<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> this open house yourself. Or<br />
you can just take a look <strong>in</strong>side the build<strong>in</strong>g, after<br />
the <strong>in</strong>teractive trail through our visitor centre. You<br />
can be kept <strong>in</strong>formed of this Parliament’s activities<br />
through the various (social) media channels. You<br />
can follow the plenary sessions and committee<br />
meet<strong>in</strong>gs on vlaamsparlement.tv. Our current<br />
affairs and debate programmes cover all topical<br />
subjects and issues.<br />
The Flemish Parliament aims to stimulate and<br />
contribute to the dialogue between MPs and<br />
citizens. Because an open dialogue is the essence of<br />
a thriv<strong>in</strong>g democracy. This brochure is one element<br />
of that dialogue. I hope you enjoy read<strong>in</strong>g it!<br />
Liesbeth Homans<br />
Speaker of the Flemish Parliament<br />
As Speaker of the Flemish Parliament, I am <strong>in</strong><br />
favour of passionate, ideological debate. With<br />
differences of op<strong>in</strong>ion, critical questions, strong<br />
arguments for and aga<strong>in</strong>st, but always with respect<br />
for each other’s convictions.<br />
The decisions taken by the Flemish Parliament<br />
affect the lives of all those who reside, work and<br />
live <strong>in</strong> Flanders. Our education, our environment,<br />
our care services, our childcare, our <strong>in</strong>dustry, our<br />
cultural centres and sports clubs: the<br />
Flemish Parliament takes decisions <strong>in</strong> all these<br />
areas. With your <strong>in</strong>put and your voice.<br />
It is important that you, as a citizen, stay<br />
<strong>in</strong>formed about what is happen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Flemish<br />
Parliament.<br />
2 3
The Flemish Parliament,<br />
forum of democracy<br />
What is democracy?<br />
Democracy comes from Greek and<br />
means: 'the power of the people'.<br />
That means that citizens themselves<br />
decide how their society operates.<br />
Parliamentary democracy means<br />
that every adult <strong>in</strong> the country<br />
elects their representatives. For a<br />
number of years they have decided<br />
the policy <strong>in</strong> a (federated) state.<br />
THE SEPARATION OF POWERS<br />
What is the separation of<br />
powers?<br />
The modern democracies <strong>in</strong> the world are still<br />
young. Several have existed for a couple of<br />
centuries, the majority for just several decades. In<br />
the past, most governments were simple: the k<strong>in</strong>g<br />
or emperor had all the power. He made the laws,<br />
governed the country, demanded taxes, was<br />
Parliament = the legislative branch<br />
is the meet<strong>in</strong>g of representatives elected by the citizens. Parliament<br />
establishes the rules for everybody. In the federal parliament, these<br />
are called laws, <strong>in</strong> the federated states, decrees and <strong>in</strong> the Brussels-<br />
Capital Region, ord<strong>in</strong>ances. Each year, the parliament approves the<br />
budget and holds the government to account.<br />
supreme commander of the army and played<br />
judge and jury. People were not citizens, they were<br />
subjects. Fortunately, people gradually realised<br />
that one person cannot govern a country.<br />
Democracy made its entrance. A modern<br />
democracy is divided <strong>in</strong>to three branches which<br />
hold each other <strong>in</strong> equilibrium.<br />
DISCUSSION<br />
The parliament thus represents a wide range of<br />
op<strong>in</strong>ions. In a true democracy, there is room for<br />
differences of op<strong>in</strong>ion, for critical arguments.<br />
Parliament is the perfect place for political debate.<br />
DÉCISION<br />
After the debate, the parliament must reach a<br />
decision. For that, the broadest possible support is<br />
sought, a majority. A proposal only becomes a law -<br />
<strong>in</strong> Flanders it is called a Flemish Parliament Decree<br />
- when a majority approves the proposal.<br />
The gouvernement = the executive branch<br />
implements the approved laws and governs the country with the<br />
help of its civil servants. The government has considerable power. Yet<br />
that power has limits, because the government constantly needs the<br />
approval of parliament.<br />
MINORITY<br />
No majority without a m<strong>in</strong>ority. That m<strong>in</strong>ority has the right, the duty <strong>in</strong> fact, to be critical. It offers<br />
opposition. Pluralism, differences of op<strong>in</strong>ion and conflicts are also aspects of a democracy. But everybody<br />
has to comply with what the majority <strong>in</strong> the parliament has approved. That is the theory. But how does<br />
the Flemish Parliament put all this <strong>in</strong>to practice? Who, after the elections, are represented <strong>in</strong> Flanders'<br />
forum of democracy? How does the parliament work? What are its duties? And how are the duties divided<br />
between parliament and Government?<br />
The courts = the judiciary<br />
rules <strong>in</strong>dependently and impartially <strong>in</strong> conflicts and <strong>in</strong> offences<br />
under the law. It convicts and punishes if that is necessary. Thanks to<br />
the <strong>in</strong>dependence of the judiciary, all citizens have equal rights.<br />
4 5
HOW DO YOU BECOME A FLEMISH REPRESENTATIVE?<br />
When you vote, you elect the people who will<br />
represent you <strong>in</strong> parliament. You can't vote just<br />
anybody <strong>in</strong>to parliament. The political parties<br />
submit their lists with candidates to the voters.<br />
Your vote decides the strength of each party.<br />
The Flemish Parliament is thus elected for a<br />
5-year term of office and cannot be dissolved<br />
dur<strong>in</strong>g that term of office. In other words, no early<br />
elections can take place. If parliament no longer<br />
has confidence <strong>in</strong> the government or <strong>in</strong> a specific<br />
m<strong>in</strong>ister, parliament must elect a replacement.<br />
When are there<br />
elections?<br />
EVERY<br />
5 years<br />
1. the federal parliament<br />
(The Chamber of Representatives)<br />
2. the parliaments of the federated states<br />
(so also the Flemish Parliament)<br />
3. the European Parliament<br />
EVERY<br />
6 years<br />
Who has a seat <strong>in</strong> the<br />
Flemish Parliament?<br />
118<br />
6<br />
+<br />
=<br />
124<br />
The residents of the Flemish Region<br />
elect 118 members<br />
The residents of the Brussels Capital<br />
Region elect 6 members<br />
124 Flemish representatives<br />
1. the town councils<br />
2. the prov<strong>in</strong>cial councils<br />
What happens after the<br />
elections?<br />
The distribution of seats accord<strong>in</strong>g to constituency<br />
After the elections, the seats <strong>in</strong> parliament are<br />
distributed among the parties. In our system, a<br />
s<strong>in</strong>gle party hardly ever ga<strong>in</strong>s a majority dur<strong>in</strong>g an<br />
election.<br />
No party is large enough or strong enough for that.<br />
Parties therefore have to collaborate. They form a<br />
coalition. Parties who together have at least half<br />
of the seats + 1 negotiate to form and majority and<br />
to govern together. Generally the party that has<br />
ga<strong>in</strong>ed the most seats takes the <strong>in</strong>itiative <strong>in</strong> the<br />
negotiations. A majority <strong>in</strong> the Flemish Parliament<br />
consists of at least 63 members: half of the 124<br />
Flemish representatives + 1.<br />
22 27<br />
West Flanders<br />
East Flanders<br />
6<br />
33<br />
Antwerp<br />
Brussels<br />
20<br />
Flemish Brabant<br />
16<br />
Limburg<br />
6 7
Distribution of political parties<br />
Representatives are members of a political party. The Flemish Parliament has 124 representatives<br />
who sit for one of the seven political parties or as an <strong>in</strong>dependent <strong>in</strong> the 2019-2024 period.<br />
14<br />
Greens<br />
13<br />
Vooruit<br />
4<br />
PVDA<br />
Workers Party of Belgium<br />
35<br />
N-VA<br />
(New Flemish Alliance)<br />
Group<br />
If a party has three or more members it<br />
achieves group status. A group with at least<br />
five representatives receives resources to set<br />
up a group secretariat. The group leader acts as<br />
spokesman for the group.<br />
Seat distribution<br />
plenary meet<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Each representative can appo<strong>in</strong>t an assistant to<br />
support them <strong>in</strong> their duties. This assistant is paid<br />
by the Flemish Parliament.<br />
1<br />
Independent<br />
15<br />
Open Vld<br />
(Flemish Liberals en Democrats)<br />
23<br />
Vlaams Belang<br />
19<br />
CD&V<br />
(Flemish Christian Democrats)<br />
8 9
Who governs the Flemish Parliament?<br />
Each year, the Flemish Parliament<br />
chooses its own management: the Bureau.<br />
The speaker of the Flemish Parliament is<br />
also a member of that Bureau, and is thus<br />
elected each year.<br />
The speaker chairs the plenary meet<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />
the Flemish Parliament and represents the<br />
parliament.<br />
The Bureau is responsible for the day-to-day<br />
management of the Flemish Parliament. The<br />
members are representatives from various<br />
groups.<br />
The Extended Bureau (the Bureau together<br />
with the group leaders) arranges political<br />
matters such as the agenda of the meet<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
of the Flemish Parliament.<br />
He decides w<strong>het</strong>her an <strong>in</strong>itiative from the<br />
representatives is admissible. He chairs the<br />
Bureau and the Extended Bureau.<br />
What does the Flemish Parliament do?<br />
The Flemish Parliament appo<strong>in</strong>ts the<br />
Government of Flanders and holds it to<br />
account.<br />
After the elections, the parties of the majority<br />
commit their agreements to paper <strong>in</strong> a<br />
coalition agreement. This states what the new<br />
government will do <strong>in</strong> the follow<strong>in</strong>g five years.<br />
The parties of the majority also propose their<br />
m<strong>in</strong>isters.<br />
The first task of the new parliament is<br />
to appo<strong>in</strong>t the government and give that<br />
government its confidence, based on the<br />
coalition agreement.<br />
The Flemish Parliament works on all<br />
important matters <strong>in</strong> our lives. In a society,<br />
agreements must be made on these<br />
matters, <strong>in</strong> other words laws.<br />
The Flemish Parliament<br />
• appo<strong>in</strong>ts the Government of Flanders and<br />
holds it to account;<br />
• approves the budget of the Flemish<br />
federated state ;<br />
• debates proposed Flemish laws (which are<br />
called decrees) and votes on them.<br />
10 11
What does the Governement of Flanders do?<br />
The m<strong>in</strong>isters must account for every decision<br />
to parliament. The representatives can hold the<br />
m<strong>in</strong>isters to account <strong>in</strong> various ways:<br />
• Dur<strong>in</strong>g the weekly question hour <strong>in</strong> the plenary<br />
meet<strong>in</strong>g, the representatives can ask a topical<br />
question. That question must be about a recent<br />
topical issue.<br />
• In the committees, they can ask the m<strong>in</strong>ister<br />
under whose authority the matter resides for an<br />
oral explanation.<br />
• They can pose a written question to the m<strong>in</strong>ister.<br />
The m<strong>in</strong>ister must then respond with<strong>in</strong> twenty<br />
days.<br />
• A parliamentary question is more urgent that a<br />
question. The representatives can use this to call<br />
the m<strong>in</strong>ister to account. This often takes place<br />
<strong>in</strong> a committee. If the parliamentary question<br />
is of major political important, it goes to the<br />
plenary meet<strong>in</strong>g. If the representative rais<strong>in</strong>g<br />
the parliamentary question is not satisfied, he<br />
or she can submit a motion, or even a motion of<br />
no confidence. The plenary meet<strong>in</strong>g then has to<br />
vote on it.<br />
Parliament <strong>in</strong>fluences the government's policy<br />
and adjusts it<br />
For this, it makes recommendations and asks to<br />
government to adopt specific measures. Parliament<br />
makes use of means such as motions and<br />
resolutions.<br />
The Flemish Parliament approves the budget<br />
A budget is a plan by the government about the<br />
<strong>in</strong>come and expenditure for the follow<strong>in</strong>g year.<br />
The Flemish Parliament debates the budget each<br />
year <strong>in</strong> December. Parliament approves the budget;<br />
without that approval, the government may not<br />
spend anyth<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
The Flemish Parliament debates decrees and<br />
approves them<br />
Laws and decrees regulate how we, as citizens,<br />
deal with each other and how the authorities deal<br />
with the citizens. Laws apply to the entire country.<br />
Flemish Parliament Decrees apply only to Flanders<br />
and the Flemish <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>in</strong> Brussels. Flemish<br />
representatives and the Government of Flanders<br />
can propose decrees. The Flemish Parliament<br />
debates proposed decrees and adopts them or<br />
rejects them.<br />
The Government of Flanders takes <strong>in</strong>itiatives<br />
to govern, to spend money well, to solve<br />
social problems, etc. Each m<strong>in</strong>ister draws<br />
up a five-year plan for the matters under his<br />
or her authority: this is known as the policy<br />
memorandum.<br />
In addition, each m<strong>in</strong>ister draws up an annual<br />
policy paper. In this, the m<strong>in</strong>ister gives a summary<br />
of what he or she has achieved and makes plans<br />
for the follow<strong>in</strong>g year. M<strong>in</strong>isters can propose a<br />
new decree themselves: they then draw up a draft<br />
decree.<br />
The entire government must first approve a draft<br />
from a m<strong>in</strong>ister. Then the entire government<br />
submits the draft to the Flemish Parliament.<br />
The Government of Flanders draws up a<br />
budget<br />
Each year, the m<strong>in</strong>isters draw up a plan for the<br />
<strong>in</strong>come and expenditure of the follow<strong>in</strong>g year.<br />
They make choices about how they <strong>in</strong>tend to<br />
spend the money. They then submit that budget to<br />
the Flemish Parliament.<br />
The Flemish adm<strong>in</strong>istration<br />
The Government of Flanders is supported by<br />
the Flemish adm<strong>in</strong>istration and its 45,000 civil<br />
servants. That number does not <strong>in</strong>clude around<br />
150,000 teachers. The departments are largely<br />
based <strong>in</strong> office build<strong>in</strong>gs near Brussels North<br />
station. Some departments have regional offices.<br />
In addition, specialised agencies perform<br />
governmental tasks. The best known agencies are<br />
the Flemish Public Broadcaster, De Lijn, the Child<br />
and Family Agency, the Public Waste Agency of<br />
Flanders (OVAM) and the Flemish Service for<br />
Employment and Vocational Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g (VDAB)<br />
The Flemish Parliament, the Government of<br />
Flanders and the Flemish adm<strong>in</strong>istration together<br />
form the Flemish public adm<strong>in</strong>istration. In<br />
the media, the government receives the most<br />
attention. The m<strong>in</strong>isters are under scrut<strong>in</strong>y<br />
because they are responsible for day-to-day<br />
management. But the parliament approves the<br />
rules, checks w<strong>het</strong>her the rules are implemented<br />
properly by the government and hold the m<strong>in</strong>isters<br />
to account.<br />
12 13
From idea to decision<br />
Politicians are constantly search<strong>in</strong>g for<br />
solutions to problems <strong>in</strong> society. Politicians<br />
receive questions from organisations of<br />
citizens and <strong>in</strong>terest groups. Because the<br />
decisions of the Flemish Parliament have<br />
so many consequences <strong>in</strong> our lives, a lot of<br />
preparation is required: it takes a long time<br />
before an idea can be enacted.<br />
of the political groups. If a permanent member<br />
cannot attend the committee, an alternate<br />
with the right to vote can replace them. Other<br />
members of parliament may attend meet<strong>in</strong>gs of<br />
the committee. Each committee has a chair, who<br />
convenes and leads the meet<strong>in</strong>gs. The committees<br />
meet from Tuesday to Friday.<br />
The representatives of the competent committee<br />
also discuss any changes to the proposed text.<br />
Those changes are called amendments. Requests<br />
from citizens are also handled (see p. 28).<br />
After the discussion, a provisional vote is held.<br />
Only when a majority of the committee members<br />
vote for the proposal does the text go to the plenary<br />
meet<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
STEP 1<br />
Submit a proposal or draft<br />
A Flemish representative who - <strong>in</strong>dividually or<br />
together with other representatives - wants to<br />
make a decree, submits a proposed decree. If the<br />
proposal comes from the Government of Flanders,<br />
we call it a draft of decree.<br />
If a Flemish representative only wants parliament<br />
to take a position on a social situation or problem,<br />
he or she can submit a proposal for a resolution.<br />
STEP 2<br />
Discuss <strong>in</strong> the committee<br />
The draft decree or proposal, or a proposal for<br />
a resolution is discussed <strong>in</strong> a parliamentary<br />
committee.<br />
Representatives have a busy<br />
agenda<br />
• They are expected to attend the plenary<br />
sessions (on Wednesday afternoon) and the<br />
committee meet<strong>in</strong>gs. For this, they follow a<br />
number of subjects with particular attention.<br />
They read the documents, hold conversations<br />
with people <strong>in</strong> the field, listen to the needs of<br />
citizens and build up a good knowledge of<br />
the file.<br />
• They ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> contact with their rank and file,<br />
they are open for questions from citizens, take<br />
part <strong>in</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>gs or events.<br />
• They participate <strong>in</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>gs with their party<br />
or party bodies, such as the party office, and<br />
prepare the parliamentary work <strong>in</strong> the group<br />
meet<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />
STEP 3<br />
The plenary<br />
A plenary is a meet<strong>in</strong>g br<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g together all<br />
of the representatives. Every Wednesday, the<br />
Flemish Parliament meets <strong>in</strong> a plenary session<br />
<strong>in</strong> the Koepelzaal, i.e. with all 124 representatives.<br />
The representatives first read the report of<br />
the committee meet<strong>in</strong>gs about the approved<br />
proposals. They can then discuss the proposals<br />
aga<strong>in</strong> with the whole parliament. They can table<br />
any amendments and hold the f<strong>in</strong>al vote about the<br />
proposal.<br />
A vote is only valid if more than half of the<br />
representatives are present at the session.<br />
If parliament approves a proposal for a resolution,<br />
the Government of Flanders must implement the<br />
resolution. For decrees there is an additional step.<br />
STEP 4<br />
Ratification by the Government of Flanders<br />
If a decree is approved <strong>in</strong> the plenary sessions, it is<br />
signed by the M<strong>in</strong>ister-President of Flanders and<br />
the competent Flemish M<strong>in</strong>ister and is published<br />
<strong>in</strong> the Belgian Official Gazette.<br />
A committee has fifteen permanent members and<br />
fifteen alternates, drawn to reflect the strength<br />
From that moment on, the Government of<br />
Flanders must ensure that the decree is applied.<br />
14 15
16<br />
17
The Flemish Parliament<br />
represents Flanders<br />
What can the Flemish Parlement decide about?<br />
These are the powers of the Flemish public<br />
adm<strong>in</strong>istration s<strong>in</strong>ce the sixth state reform of<br />
2013-2014.<br />
The Flemish Parliament decides on matters that<br />
are close to the people. The Flemish Parliament<br />
thus has a major <strong>in</strong>fluence on the life of each<br />
person <strong>in</strong> Flanders (environment, schools,<br />
welfare, etc.).<br />
The Flemish Parliament is responsible for how<br />
Flanders is shaped, and it does this <strong>in</strong> the greatest<br />
openness possible.<br />
Your tax money must be spent well. That is why<br />
the Flemish Parliament decides about the budget<br />
every year.<br />
Healthcare<br />
• hospital policy<br />
• preventative healthcare<br />
• home care<br />
• elderly policy and care homes<br />
• mental healthcare<br />
• help to persons with a disability<br />
Support to persons<br />
• youth protection<br />
• youth policy<br />
• family care (Child and Family)<br />
• family allowance, birth benefits and<br />
adoption benefits<br />
• childcare<br />
• elderly policy and disabled person<br />
policy<br />
• equal opportunities policy<br />
• the <strong>in</strong>tegration of migrants<br />
• courts<br />
Scientific research <strong>in</strong> the realms of<br />
Flemish competences<br />
18 19
The Flemish Parliament has set up a number of autonomous<br />
<strong>in</strong>stitutions that are charged, among other th<strong>in</strong>gs, with giv<strong>in</strong>g advice to<br />
parliament<br />
Culture<br />
• art<br />
• cultural heritage<br />
• museums<br />
• libraries<br />
• media (VRT)<br />
• sport and tourism<br />
Language legislation<br />
• use of language by authorities<br />
• use of language <strong>in</strong> corporate life<br />
The Flemish Parliament has a number of<br />
autonomous <strong>in</strong>stitutions whose task, among<br />
other th<strong>in</strong>gs, is to advise parliament.<br />
The Flemish Office of the Children's Rights<br />
Commissioner represents the <strong>in</strong>terests of children<br />
and issues op<strong>in</strong>ions to the Flemish Parliament.<br />
It <strong>in</strong>dependently monitors compliance with the<br />
UN treaty on the rights of the child. With the<br />
op<strong>in</strong>ions from the Flemish Office of the Children's<br />
Rights Commissioner, the Flemish Parliament<br />
can develop a child-friendly policy. The Flemish<br />
Office of the Children's Rights Commissioner was<br />
established by the Flemish Parliament Decree of<br />
15 July 1997.<br />
The Flemish Ombudsman Service <strong>in</strong>vestigates<br />
compla<strong>in</strong>t about the Flemish adm<strong>in</strong>istration,<br />
makes proposals and issues op<strong>in</strong>ions. In addition,<br />
the service reports <strong>in</strong>fr<strong>in</strong>gements of the code<br />
of ethics of the Flemish representatives and the<br />
Speaker of the Flemish Parliament. The Flemish<br />
Ombudsman Service was established by the<br />
Flemish Parliament Decree of 7 July 1998.<br />
The Flemish Peace Institute undertakes academic<br />
research, gathers <strong>in</strong>formation and <strong>in</strong>forms and<br />
advises the Flemish Parliament and the public<br />
about peace issues. The Peace Institute seeks to<br />
develop a culture of peace <strong>in</strong> Flanders, Europe<br />
and the world. The Flemish Peace Institute was<br />
established by Flemish Parliament Decree on 7<br />
May 2004.<br />
The Flemish Regulator for the Electricity and Gas<br />
Market (VREG) is an autonomous service with<br />
legal personality under the supervision of the<br />
Flemish Parliament. The parliament lays down<br />
rules for the VREG’s operation and organisation <strong>in</strong><br />
the Energy Decree, appo<strong>in</strong>ts the Board of Directors’<br />
members, holds hear<strong>in</strong>gs on the draft bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />
plan and approves the VREG’s budget. Elected<br />
representatives may pose questions to the VREG.<br />
Public works, mobility and road safety<br />
Education<br />
• All aspects of education policy<br />
• except a number of small issues,<br />
such as compulsory education and<br />
teachers' pensions, which are a federal<br />
competence<br />
• roads<br />
• waterways and <strong>in</strong>land shipp<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• sea ports<br />
• regional airports<br />
• regional transport (De Lijn)<br />
• Belgian Road Safety Institute (BIVV)<br />
and technical <strong>in</strong>spection <strong>in</strong> Flanders<br />
• driv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>struction, driv<strong>in</strong>g schools and<br />
exam<strong>in</strong>ation centres<br />
Environment and water policy<br />
Municipalities and prov<strong>in</strong>ces<br />
• protection of the environment<br />
• waste policy (OVAM [Public Waste<br />
Agency of Flanders])<br />
• dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g water<br />
• waste water purification<br />
• sewers<br />
• f<strong>in</strong>ancial resources<br />
• adm<strong>in</strong>istrative supervision<br />
20 21
Employment<br />
Land use plann<strong>in</strong>g and nature<br />
conservation<br />
• labour market policy and labour<br />
mediation (VDAB)<br />
• job opportunity programmes<br />
Hous<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• social hous<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• f<strong>in</strong>ancial support for hous<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• trade rental and hous<strong>in</strong>g rental,<br />
tenancies, expropriation<br />
Energy<br />
• distribution of electricity and natural<br />
gas<br />
• promotion of rational energy use<br />
• land consolidation<br />
• parks<br />
• forests<br />
• hunt<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• fish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• animal welfare<br />
Economy<br />
• support to companies<br />
• permits for trade branches<br />
• foreign trade<br />
• stastical research<br />
Spatial Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Agriculture and fishery<br />
International relations<br />
• <strong>in</strong>ternational treaties relat<strong>in</strong>g to Flemish<br />
competences<br />
• foreign trade<br />
• spatial plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• build<strong>in</strong>g permits<br />
• urban renewal<br />
• monuments and landscapes<br />
• support to farms and horticultural<br />
companies<br />
• promotion of food (Flanders'<br />
Agricultural Market<strong>in</strong>g Board VLAM)<br />
22 23
Who decides about what <strong>in</strong> Belgium?<br />
As a citizen, you have to deal with six different<br />
authorities: from 'small' to 'large', these are<br />
the municipality, the prov<strong>in</strong>ce, the regions,<br />
the communities, the federal adm<strong>in</strong>istration<br />
and the European authorities But who exactly<br />
decides on what?<br />
Some examples:<br />
The municipality<br />
In your municipality, you can apply for a new<br />
identity card or passport, for a build<strong>in</strong>g permit or<br />
take a book out from the library. The municipality<br />
collects domestic waste, keeps the streets clean<br />
and builds municipal roads. The municipal public<br />
social welfare centre (OCMW) allocates <strong>in</strong>come<br />
support to citizens whose <strong>in</strong>come falls below a<br />
certa<strong>in</strong> threshold.<br />
The prov<strong>in</strong>ce<br />
The prov<strong>in</strong>ce issues, for example, environmental<br />
permits and coord<strong>in</strong>ates drug prevention.<br />
Protected monuments and non-navigable<br />
waterways are also among its duties. The<br />
prov<strong>in</strong>ce gives subsidies to associations and tra<strong>in</strong>s<br />
municipal civil servants.<br />
Flanders<br />
The Flemish Community is competent for the<br />
use of language, culture, eduction and the care<br />
for people who need help. The Flemish Region<br />
is responsible for areas such as the economy,<br />
employment, hous<strong>in</strong>g, public works, energy,<br />
transport, environment and spatial plann<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><br />
Flanders.<br />
Belgium<br />
The federal adm<strong>in</strong>istration can send troops to<br />
conflict areas (defence) and manages the prisons<br />
(justice). It also pays out pensions (social security),<br />
defends our country aga<strong>in</strong>st terrorism (public<br />
order) and issues registration plates (road vehicles).<br />
In addition, it manages governmental companies<br />
such as the NMBS, the national debt (f<strong>in</strong>ances)<br />
and represents our country at the United Nations<br />
(foreign policy).<br />
European Union<br />
The European Union has <strong>in</strong>fluence over our lives<br />
<strong>in</strong> many ways. The Euro is the currency used <strong>in</strong> 19<br />
member states of the Union. Europe determ<strong>in</strong>es<br />
how many fish may be caught by each member<br />
state. Other European rules deal with the labell<strong>in</strong>g<br />
of food or mobile phone rates.<br />
What if there is a conflict between the various<br />
authorities?<br />
What happens if the Flemish Parliament adopts<br />
a decree about military service, which is a federal<br />
power? Or if the Walloon Parliament should<br />
encroach on a Flemish area by adopt<strong>in</strong>g a decree<br />
to protect the sea dunes <strong>in</strong> Oostdu<strong>in</strong>kerke?<br />
Then the authority that feels it is the aggrieved<br />
party, or any citizen, can lodge a compla<strong>in</strong>t with<br />
the Constitutional Court. The Court can vacate a<br />
decree or a law.<br />
24
Communities and Regions<br />
How many does that<br />
make<br />
THE COMMUNITIES<br />
Flemish decisions can be divided <strong>in</strong>to two ma<strong>in</strong><br />
areas of competence: community matters<br />
(that have to do with people) and the regional<br />
matters (that have to do with territory).<br />
THE COMMUNITIES<br />
There is a Flemish, a French and a Germanspeak<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Community.<br />
Each Community and each Region<br />
has its own parliament and<br />
government. Have you added them<br />
all up? In total, you should get seven<br />
parliaments and governments <strong>in</strong><br />
Belgium:<br />
COMMUNITY AREAS OF COMPETENCE<br />
• Help to persons<br />
• Healthcare<br />
• Culture<br />
• Language legislation<br />
• Education<br />
REGIONAL AREAS OF COMPETENCE<br />
• Environment and water policy<br />
• Municipalities and prov<strong>in</strong>ces<br />
• Public works and transport<br />
• Employment<br />
• Economy<br />
• Energy<br />
• Agriculture and fishery<br />
• Hous<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• Spatial Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• Land use plann<strong>in</strong>g and nature conservation<br />
• The Flemish Community <strong>in</strong>cludes all residents<br />
of Flanders and the Flemish residents of<br />
Brussels.<br />
Flemish residents of Brussels are people liv<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>in</strong> the bi-l<strong>in</strong>gual Brussels Capital Region who<br />
speak Dutch.<br />
• The French Community <strong>in</strong>cludes all residents of<br />
Wallonia and the French-speak<strong>in</strong>g residents of<br />
Brussels.<br />
• The German-speak<strong>in</strong>g Community <strong>in</strong>cludes<br />
all residents of the n<strong>in</strong>e German-speak<strong>in</strong>g<br />
municipalities <strong>in</strong> the east of Belgium.<br />
THE REGIONS<br />
Belgium is also divided <strong>in</strong>to three regions: the<br />
Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the<br />
Brussels Capital Region.<br />
• The Flemish Region covers the territory of the<br />
five Flemish prov<strong>in</strong>ces.<br />
• The Walloon Region covers the territory of the<br />
five Walloon prov<strong>in</strong>ces. This <strong>in</strong>cludes the n<strong>in</strong>e<br />
German-speak<strong>in</strong>g municipalities. They do not<br />
form an <strong>in</strong>dependent region.<br />
• The Brussels-Capital Region covers the territory<br />
of the n<strong>in</strong>eteen municipalities of Brussels.<br />
3 communities + 3 regions<br />
+ 1 federal government = 7<br />
parliament and governments.<br />
The reality<br />
The fact there are 'only' six<br />
parliaments and six governments:<br />
the Flemish Parliament and the<br />
Government of Flanders govern both<br />
the Flemish Community and the<br />
Flemish Region.<br />
FLEMISH COMMUNITY<br />
FRENCH COMMUNITY<br />
GERMAN-SPEAKING COMMUNITY<br />
THE REGIONS<br />
FLANDERS<br />
WALLONIA<br />
BRUSSELS<br />
THE FLEMISH FEDERATED STATE<br />
FLANDERS<br />
BRUSSELS<br />
26 27
Why is the Belgian state structure so<br />
complicated<br />
quite an evolution s<strong>in</strong>ce 1830<br />
From a unitary state...<br />
The Belgium state was founded <strong>in</strong> 1830. It had one<br />
parliament and one government. The country<br />
was, however, divided <strong>in</strong>to municipalities and<br />
prov<strong>in</strong>ces, but the laws of the national parliament<br />
applied to all Belgians. The government's m<strong>in</strong>isters<br />
governed the entire country.<br />
In that time, French was the only official language<br />
for the parliament, the adm<strong>in</strong>istration, the army<br />
and higher education. That gave rise to tensions<br />
between Flemish speakers and French speakers.<br />
From the second half of the n<strong>in</strong>eteenth century,<br />
the Flemish Movement worked hard to ga<strong>in</strong><br />
recognition of Dutch as a fully-fledged official<br />
language next to French. That recognition was<br />
achieved with the language laws of 1873 and other<br />
subsequent laws.<br />
... towards a federation<br />
After the Second World War, tensions once aga<strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>creased between Flanders and Wallonia. The<br />
awareness grew that Flanders and Wallonia would<br />
be better served tak<strong>in</strong>g their own decisions. For<br />
this reason, the Belgian Parliament passed a series<br />
of six state reforms between 1970 and 2014, which<br />
gradually transform the Belgian state from a<br />
unitary to a federal state. In this way, Flanders and<br />
Wallonia ga<strong>in</strong>ed self-government.<br />
Why is the Belgian state structure so<br />
complicated?<br />
• Belgium has two types of federated states:<br />
regions and communities. That makes our state<br />
structure complicated. The division <strong>in</strong>to regions<br />
and communities came about because the<br />
people of Flanders and Wallonia each had their<br />
own reasons for seek<strong>in</strong>g a federal solution.<br />
• The people of Flanders ma<strong>in</strong>ly wanted<br />
cultural autonomy for all Dutch-speakers,<br />
<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g those <strong>in</strong> Brussels. That was why<br />
three communities were formed: the Flemish<br />
Community, the French Community and the<br />
German-speak<strong>in</strong>g Community: The word<br />
'community' refers to the population group<br />
which must be able to take its own decisions.<br />
• The people of Wallonia ma<strong>in</strong>ly wanted to be<br />
able to follow their own social-economic policy.<br />
For these reasons, three regions were formed:<br />
the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the<br />
Brussels Capital Region. The word 'region' refers<br />
to the territory.<br />
28 29
The budget<br />
of Flanders<br />
6.72 billion euros<br />
Other<br />
9.45 billion euros<br />
Flemish surcharges on <strong>in</strong>come tax<br />
REVENUE<br />
€ 57,02<br />
billion<br />
<strong>2023</strong><br />
33.19 billion euros<br />
Federal resources<br />
7.66 billion euros<br />
Regional taxes<br />
Flanders ga<strong>in</strong>ed many powers between 1970<br />
and 2014. If they are to perform all these tasks<br />
well, Flanders needs money, a lot of money.<br />
Take, for example, the costs of education,<br />
support<strong>in</strong>g people with a disability or the<br />
construction of cultural centres and sports<br />
facilities.<br />
Flanders receives the majority of its fund<strong>in</strong>g via<br />
the federal state. Flanders can also raise regional<br />
taxation itself, for example via property tax,<br />
registration fees and <strong>in</strong>heritance taxes.<br />
Flemish expenditure is around 62.33 billion euros.<br />
You can see how the <strong>2023</strong> budget breaks down<br />
<strong>in</strong>to revenue and expenditure <strong>in</strong> the graphs. Both<br />
the revenue and expenditure figures are estimates.<br />
5.68 billion euros<br />
Chancellery, Public Governance, Foreign<br />
Affairs and Judiciary<br />
5.13 billion euros<br />
Mobility and Public Works<br />
3.65 billion euros<br />
Environment<br />
0.16 billion euros<br />
Higher Entities<br />
5.34 billion euros<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ance and Budget<br />
0.22 billion euros<br />
Agriculture and Fishery<br />
3.95 billion euros<br />
Work and Social Economy<br />
EXPENDITURE<br />
€ 62,33<br />
billion<br />
<strong>2023</strong><br />
3.15 billion euros<br />
Economy, Science and Innovation<br />
17.59 billion euros<br />
Education and Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
1.54 billion euros<br />
Culture, Youth, Sport and Media<br />
15.93 billion euros<br />
Welfare, Public Health and Family<br />
In the <strong>2023</strong> budget, the difference between <strong>in</strong>come and expenditure is -5.31 billion euros. To calculate the receivables balance, ESR<br />
corrections are applied and an amount of 0.99 billion euros and 0.98 billion euros is not <strong>in</strong>cluded because the Government of Flanders<br />
th<strong>in</strong>ks it will not be spent. What rema<strong>in</strong>s is a deficit up to 3.262 billion euros accord<strong>in</strong>g to the European standard.<br />
In its budget aims, the Government of Flanders does not take <strong>in</strong>to account the <strong>in</strong>vestment expenditure with proven payback effect<br />
(Oosterweel) to an amount of 339.3 million euro and the revenue and expenditure <strong>in</strong> the context of the recovery plan, 639.6 billion<br />
euros netto. In this way, the Government of Flanders comes to a deficit of 1.94 billion euros.<br />
30 31
The Flemish Parliament authorises the<br />
Government of Flanders to collect revenue<br />
and determ<strong>in</strong>es the level of expenditure. The<br />
government may only exceed the expenditure<br />
ceil<strong>in</strong>g with parliamentary approval.<br />
The largest areas of expenditure are the budgets<br />
for Welfare, Public Health and Family Policy and<br />
that for Education and Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
How is a budget drawn up?<br />
Draw<strong>in</strong>g up a budget <strong>in</strong>volves mak<strong>in</strong>g choices.<br />
Politics is all about mak<strong>in</strong>g choices.<br />
Each year, the Government of Flanders draws up<br />
a budget for an entire year. It is then distilled <strong>in</strong>to<br />
budgetary decrees. These conta<strong>in</strong> the estimated<br />
revenue (regional taxes, federal resources,<br />
surcharges on <strong>in</strong>come tax, etc.) and the permitted<br />
expenditure for all of the government's duties.<br />
The Flemish Parliament thoroughly debates these<br />
draft budget decrees and then votes on them, first<br />
<strong>in</strong> its committees, then <strong>in</strong> the plenary.<br />
In the spr<strong>in</strong>g, the government assesses w<strong>het</strong>her<br />
the budget is work<strong>in</strong>g out as planned via the<br />
budgetary control process. The government makes<br />
the necessary adjustments and submits these to<br />
a vote to the Flemish Parliament via decrees that<br />
together constitute the budgetary adjustment.<br />
32 33
The Flemish Parliament,<br />
an open house!<br />
When you elect someone to parliament, you<br />
want to know w<strong>het</strong>her they are do<strong>in</strong>g a good<br />
job and what your representatives are work<strong>in</strong>g<br />
on. The dome <strong>in</strong> our build<strong>in</strong>g is the symbol for<br />
the openness of the Flemish Parliament.<br />
The dome is more than just a connection–<br />
everybody has to feel at home under it – it is also<br />
transparent. Do you want to f<strong>in</strong>d out what the<br />
Flemish representative are work<strong>in</strong>g on? You can<br />
f<strong>in</strong>d out via these channels:<br />
Website of the Flemish Parliament<br />
On vlaamsparlement.be you can f<strong>in</strong>d all<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation about the work of the Flemish<br />
Parliament: agendas and m<strong>in</strong>utes of the meet<strong>in</strong>gs,<br />
press releases, parliamentary documents, etc.<br />
You can also f<strong>in</strong>d details about the Flemish<br />
representatives, the function<strong>in</strong>g and the rules of<br />
the Flemish Parliament, and its two build<strong>in</strong>gs. On<br />
the website, you can also follow the plenaries and<br />
most of committee meet<strong>in</strong>gs, or watch them back<br />
later.<br />
Attend<strong>in</strong>g meet<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Meet<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> the Flemish Parliament are<br />
public: this is true off both the meet<strong>in</strong>gs of the<br />
committees and the penaries. You can attend<br />
them <strong>in</strong> the public gallery. The public may not<br />
disrupt the debates. On days when meet<strong>in</strong>gs are<br />
held, you should report to the visitors' entrance,<br />
Leuvenseweg 86 (see map, at the back of the<br />
brochure).<br />
Active and articulate citizens<br />
As a citizen, you can lodge a petition, either as an<br />
<strong>in</strong>dividual or <strong>in</strong> a group. This constitutes the right to<br />
petition. If at least 15,000 people sign the petition, a<br />
committee must deal with your question <strong>in</strong> detail.<br />
The <strong>in</strong>itial signatory of the petition may expla<strong>in</strong> the<br />
question at the committee. Other people are also<br />
allowed to speak <strong>in</strong> the Flemish Parliament. The<br />
parliament regularly <strong>in</strong>vites specialists or experts<br />
with experience to give an explanation about a<br />
specific subject. This is called a public hear<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Contacter un député<br />
Vous pouvez communiquer vos avis ou réflexions<br />
aux membres du Parlement. Leurs coordonnées<br />
figurent sur le site web du Parlement flamand.<br />
Contact<strong>in</strong>g a representative<br />
You can <strong>in</strong>form representatives about your op<strong>in</strong>ion<br />
or concern. The representatives' contact details<br />
can be found on the Flemish Parliament’s website.<br />
The Flemish Parliament also uses social media to 7<br />
keep the public <strong>in</strong>formed. Follow us on Facebook,<br />
Twitter, Instagram, L<strong>in</strong>kedIn and YouTube.<br />
Information via the media<br />
Journalists <strong>in</strong>form citizens about what is go<strong>in</strong>g on<br />
<strong>in</strong> the parliament. They critically review politics<br />
and the work tak<strong>in</strong>g place <strong>in</strong> the parliament.<br />
The plenary meet<strong>in</strong>gs are broadcast via the<br />
parliamentary channel vlaamsparlement.tv and on<br />
Villa Politica on TV channel Eén.<br />
Come to the parliament<br />
The doors of the Flemish Parliament are open for<br />
everybody, from Monday to Saturday. Drop <strong>in</strong> for<br />
a visit to the exhibition <strong>in</strong> the Visitor Centre or for<br />
guided tours <strong>in</strong> the build<strong>in</strong>g. Participate <strong>in</strong> our<br />
public activities or enrol your class for an educative<br />
programme with a customised simulation game.<br />
Make use of our rooms to organise your own event<br />
<strong>in</strong> a special sett<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Visitors' Centre<br />
Everybody who visits parliament or participates<br />
<strong>in</strong> an event, is received <strong>in</strong> the Visitor Centre. The<br />
Visitor Centre is <strong>in</strong> the magnificent Counter Hall<br />
of the House of the Flemish Representatives<br />
You can request <strong>in</strong>formation, enjoy a snack <strong>in</strong><br />
our hospitable and renovated Eetcafé, visit the<br />
exhibition, attend an <strong>in</strong>terview with a politician <strong>in</strong><br />
the TV studio.<br />
Visiter l’exposition sur la démocratie<br />
Avec cette exposition, le Parlement flamand s’est<br />
doté d’un atout supplémentaire pour expliquer son<br />
fonctionnement et son histoire à un vaste public.<br />
Ludique et <strong>in</strong>teractive, elle propose une expérience<br />
aussi passionnante que variée: vidéos, animations,<br />
présentations 3D, jeux et même un véritable<br />
hémicycle qui permet de voter pour de vrai. Vous<br />
pouvez tout entendre grâce à un audioguide en<br />
quatre langues.<br />
Exhibition about democracy<br />
The exhibition is an excellent call<strong>in</strong>g card for the<br />
Flemish Parliament and expla<strong>in</strong>s its function<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and history to a wide general public. The set-up is<br />
playful and <strong>in</strong>teractive and ensures a fasc<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and varied experience: films, animations,<br />
3D-presentations, games and a hemisphere where<br />
34 35
you can actually vote. The visitors can listen to<br />
everyth<strong>in</strong>g via the audio guide <strong>in</strong> four languages.<br />
Guided tours <strong>in</strong> the build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
The Visitor Centre is also the start<strong>in</strong>g-po<strong>in</strong>t for<br />
tours of the parliamentary build<strong>in</strong>gs. The guides<br />
take the group to all the places that illustrate<br />
the importance of how democracy works. The<br />
highlight is a visit to the impressive Koepelzaal. Are<br />
you more <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> the history of the build<strong>in</strong>gs,<br />
the architect and the art works? Then opt for a<br />
special art tour.<br />
Flemish Parliament Visitor Centre<br />
IJzerenkruisstraat 99, 1000 Brussels<br />
+32 2 552 46 11<br />
bezoekerscentrum@vlaamsparlement.be<br />
Educative programmes<br />
Pupils can experience how democracy works<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g a simulation game <strong>in</strong> a committee room.<br />
In addition, the tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gs and <strong>in</strong>-service tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gs<br />
organised <strong>in</strong> the parliament support teachers and<br />
students <strong>in</strong> teacher tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g with lessons <strong>in</strong> civic<br />
education.<br />
Read<strong>in</strong>g material<br />
For many years, the Flemish Parliament has<br />
developed curricula for all educational atta<strong>in</strong>ment<br />
levels. This assists teachers and pupils <strong>in</strong> ga<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
knowledge about the rules of our democracy and<br />
the associated skills and attitudes. In addition<br />
to <strong>in</strong>formation, the material also conta<strong>in</strong>s many<br />
exercises for the pupils.<br />
Events for third parties<br />
Organis<strong>in</strong>g an event <strong>in</strong> the beautiful and wellequipped<br />
rooms of the Flemish Parliament offers<br />
numerous associations a unique and affordable<br />
framework for their study days, congresses or<br />
sem<strong>in</strong>ars <strong>in</strong> the heart of Brussels.<br />
Would you like to know more? Take a look at<br />
our website www.vlaamsparlement.be - 'Pay us<br />
a visit' and 'For schools'. You can also f<strong>in</strong>d all<br />
contact <strong>in</strong>formation on these pages.<br />
36 37
Kon<strong>in</strong>gsstraat<br />
Hertogstraat<br />
Regentlaan<br />
(Kle<strong>in</strong>e r<strong>in</strong>g)<br />
Kunstlaan<br />
Kon<strong>in</strong>gsstraat<br />
Address and plan of the Flemish Parliament<br />
The Flemish Parliament is located <strong>in</strong> Hertogstraat<br />
<strong>in</strong> the heart of Brussels. The contact details of the<br />
Flemish representatives, the political groups, the<br />
services of the General Secretariat and so on can be<br />
found on www.vlaamsparlement.be. Follow us on<br />
Facebook (/VlaamsParlement), Twitter (@vlaparl),<br />
Instagram (@vlaparl) and L<strong>in</strong>ked<strong>in</strong>.<br />
Floor plan:<br />
A detailed route description can be found on the website of the Flemish Parliament:<br />
vlaamsparlement.be<br />
Post<br />
Flemish Parliament, 1011 Brussels<br />
Visitors<br />
Leuvenseweg 86, 1000 Brussels<br />
Flemish Parliament Visitor Centre<br />
IJzerenkruisstraat 99, 1000 Brussels<br />
bezoekerscentrum@vlaamsparlement.be<br />
bezoekerscentrum.vlaamsparlement.be<br />
+ 32 2 552 46 11<br />
Flemish Office of the Children's Rights<br />
Commissioner<br />
Leuvenseweg 86, 1000 Brussels<br />
+ 32 2 552 98 00<br />
fax: + 32 2 552 98 01<br />
k<strong>in</strong>derrechten@vlaamsparlement.be<br />
k<strong>in</strong>derrechtencommissariaat.be<br />
Flemish Ombudsman Service<br />
Leuvenseweg 86, 1000 Brussels<br />
+ 32 2 552 98 98<br />
fax: + 32 2 552 98 50<br />
<strong>in</strong>fo@vlaamseombudsdienst.be of<br />
klachten@vlaamseombudsdienst.be<br />
vlaamseombudsdienst.be<br />
The Flemish Peace Institute<br />
Leuvenseweg 86, 1000 Brussels<br />
+ 32 2 552 45 91<br />
fax + 32 2 552 44 08<br />
vredes<strong>in</strong>stituut@vlaamsparlement.be<br />
vlaamsvredes<strong>in</strong>stituut.eu<br />
1<br />
Flemish Parliament Visitor Centre<br />
IJzerenkruisstraat 99<br />
2<br />
Visitors Flemish Parliament<br />
Flemish Office of the Children's Rights Com-<br />
missioner<br />
Flemish Ombudsman Service<br />
Flemish Peace Institute<br />
Leuvenseweg 86<br />
3<br />
Flemish Parliament<br />
Hertogstraat 6<br />
Koloniënstraat<br />
Leuvenseple<strong>in</strong><br />
Congresstraat<br />
IJzerenkruisstraat<br />
Leuvenseweg<br />
Wetstraat<br />
Warandepark<br />
Drukpersstraat<br />
Noordstraat<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Hertogstraat<br />
M Madou<br />
Madouple<strong>in</strong><br />
M<br />
Kunst-Wet<br />
Centraal<br />
Station<br />
M<br />
Colophon<br />
Coord<strong>in</strong>ation : Director of Communication, External Relations and Information, Flemish Parliament<br />
Graphic design : Wim De Ridder, Vlaams Parlement<br />
Pr<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g : Artoos Group, Kampenhout<br />
Publisher : Mart<strong>in</strong>e Goossens, Secretary General, Flemish Parliament<br />
All rights of reproduction are explicitly reserved for all countries.<br />
Catalogue number D/2019/3933/1 D/2019/3933/1<br />
Centraal<br />
Station<br />
Kantersteen<br />
Kunstberg<br />
Ravenste<strong>in</strong>straat
Flemish Parliament<br />
Leuvenseweg 86, 1000 Brussels<br />
vlaamsparlement.be