AJGH Nexus - Volume 17 2023

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education.[8] This results in students, and future trainees and consultants, not having the skills, knowledge, or confidence to incorporate nutrition into a patient’s medical care.[8] To address this gap in knowledge, AGHI will conduct workshops to teach delegates the practical skills and knowledge related to nutrition and its impact on NCDs. II. NCDs and Disaster Management While nutritional imbalances and longer lifespans have been scrutinised thoroughly in scientific literature as contributors to the increasing burden of NCDs worldwide, the role of climate change and disasters has not been equally delineated. NCDs, which are often treated with coordinated care across medical specialties, require prolonged or continuous care and can reduce individuals’ capacity to manage during emergencies.[9] When disasters destroy the health infrastructure in a region, those individuals with NCDs are at risk of having acute complications or a worse prognosis as their care is interrupted.[10] For example, heart attacks and strokes are 2-3 more likely than normal to occur during emergencies.[9] Furthermore, self-care may become secondary to dependency on care by others in patients with NCDs during catastrophic situations. Ryan et al.[10] reported that factors affecting self-care, such as medicinal access and stress, as well as those aspects which required care by others, such as slow-healing sores and shortness of breath, were both concerns among Queensland residents with NCDs who had experienced disasters. Multiple scenarios that affect chronic diseases after disasters can be theorised. Acute health events, such as the incidence of mosquitoborne flaviviruses in affected areas within Australia after the 2022 flooding,[11] could increase complications among those who have NCDs or create the basis for compromised immunity that can cause cancer in the long term. Disasters can also affect the social determinants of health underlying the severity of NCDs. A report on past flooding events in Australia revealed the greater impact that disasters have on lower income households and vulnerable communities.[12] For example, Aboriginal communities experienced more displacement during the 2017 floods in New South Wales which was tied to worse outcomes for chronic health conditions.[12] Since individuals with NCDs depend on access to specialised technologies or medicine as part of their personalised treatment plan, factors relating to equity and distributive justice are necessary to address by any national policy on disaster risk reduction.[2, 9] By implementing the recommendations of the United Nations’ Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030), which recognises the importance of including individuals with chronic diseases in policies regarding healthcare and disasters as well as stockpiling medicines for chronic conditions.[2] Australia can build more resilient and thriving communities that have reduced disparities in health post-disaster. Furthermore, the Royal Commission on National Natural Disaster Arrangements highlights the importance of training primary care practitioners on treating individuals during mass emergencies.[3] To explore these topics in detail, AGHI will host simulation-based workshops and discussions that will further inform medical students about the need for greater advocacy for vulnerable communities and policy which specifically advises on postdisaster management of patients with NCDs. For more information about the speakers and the program, please visit the AMSA Global Health Intensive website (https://globalhealth.amsa.org.au/amsaglobal-health).
About the Author Arona is a phase 1 student in the MD program at University of Queensland (UQ). She was the Academics Officer for the recent Annual Global Health Intensive that took place in Melbourne and the AMSA Global Health Representative for UQ in 2023. She has years of research and professional experience in Pathology and aspires to become a Clinician-Scientist specialising in Laboratory Medicine and Global Health. Correspondence : Arona.m.merchant@gmail.com Co-Author : Leslie Oldfield References 1. Non communicable diseases [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases#:~:text=N oncommunicable%20diseases%20(NCDs)%20kill%2041,%2D%20and%20middle%2Di ncome%20countries. 2. Global Assessment Report on Risk Reduction. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; 2019. 3. Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements. Issues Paper: Health Arrangements in Natural Disasters. 2020. Available from: https://naturaldisaster.royalcommission.gov.au/system/files/2020-05/Issues%20Paper%20 - %20Health%20Arrangements%20in%20Natural%20Disasters.pdf 4. The double burden of malnutrition: Policy brief [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-NMH-NHD-17.3 5. Branca F, Lartey A, Oenema S, et al. Transforming the food system to fight non-communicable diseases. BMJ. 2019;364:l296. Published 2019 Jan 28. doi:10.1136/bmj.l296 6. Cancer: Carcinogenicity of the consumption of red meat and processed meat [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-andanswers/item/cancer-carcinogenicity-of-the-consumption-of-red-meat-and-processed-meat 7. Mogre V, Aryee PA, Stevens FCJ, et al. Future Doctors’ Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Regarding Nutrition Care in the General Practice Setting: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Med Sci Educ. 2017;27(3):481-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-017-0413-5 8. Crowley J, Ball L, Hiddink GJ. Nutrition in medical education: a systematic review. Lancet Planet Health. 2019;3(9):e379-e389. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30171-8 9. Non-communicable diseases in emergencies. World Health Organization; 2016. 10. Ryan BJ, Franklin RC, Burkle FM, Smith EC, Aitken P, Leggat PA. Determining Key Influences on Patient Ability to Successfully Manage Noncommunicable Disease After Natural Disaster. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(3):241-250. doi:10.1017/S1049023X1900431X 11. Vardoulakis S, Matthews V, Bailie RS, et al. Building resilience to Australian flood disasters in the face of climate change. Med J Aust. 2022;217(7):342-345. doi:10.5694/mja2.51595 12. Matthews V, Longman J, Berry HL, et al. Differential Mental Health Impact Six Months After Extensive River Flooding in Rural Australia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Through an Equity Lens. Front Public Health. 2019;7:367. Published 2019 Dec 6. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00367 12
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AJGH Nexus - Volume 17 2023

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