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Artists’ Collectives Mostly in New York 199

from Hell) and the anarchist Black Mask (later the Motherfuckers). These

groups staged dramatic actions at cultural events, concerts, and political street

demonstrations. This radical activism was of a piece with the many symbolic

political actions during the late 1960s, like the American Indian Movement

(AIM) occupation of Alcatraz and the Statue of Liberty, the Yippie seizure

of the pirate ship in California Disneyland, and the Weatherman bombing

of the police memorial in Chicago.

Feminist collectivity was a continuous presence exerting pressure

on the mainstream. Feminists inspired, directed, and sustained collective

organization among progressive artists throughout the 1970s and into the

1980s although they and their issues were often sidelined. Ad Hoc Women

Artists and WAR (Women Artists in Revolution) were from around 1970 21

the angry activist face of radical feminist artists in New York, organizing for

a piece of the pie. The movement had been working collectively for years.

The consciousness-raising group, a key feminist organizing tool, was an adaptation

of the Chinese communist practice of “speaking our bitterness,” a discussion

intended to reveal the political nature of women’s personal problems.

These meetings could generate texts: the east coast Redstockings group regularly

published position papers and polemics, individually and collectively

authored.

FIGURE 7.3. Feminist art collective Carnival Knowledge posing with porn stars at the time of their

Franklin Furnace exhibition “Second Coming,” New York, 1983. Photograph by Dona Ann McAdams.

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