Edited by Mary Rose de Valladares M.R.S. Enterprises, LLC ...
Edited by Mary Rose de Valladares M.R.S. Enterprises, LLC ...
Edited by Mary Rose de Valladares M.R.S. Enterprises, LLC ...
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un<strong>de</strong>rstanding photosynthetic mecha<br />
nism in relation to hydrogen production<br />
and the trial to improve the photosyn<br />
to challenge. These objectives require<br />
the application of mo<strong>de</strong>rn and advanced<br />
tools of molecular biotechnology and<br />
microbial physiology, techniques already<br />
available at leading research laborato<br />
ries in the participating countries.<br />
Subtask B will focus on:<br />
1. Genetics and Metabolism of H 2<br />
production <strong>by</strong> photosynthetic microbes.<br />
2. Physiology and cultivations of<br />
photosynthetic microbes to maximize<br />
H2 production from water or organic<br />
wastes.<br />
3. Photosynthesis overcoming<br />
limiting factors.<br />
Goal: I<strong>de</strong>ntify promising<br />
applications of enzymes and<br />
biologicallyinspired processes for<br />
hydrogen production and fuel cells<br />
Hydrogen production <strong>by</strong> in vitro and<br />
bioinspired systems and construction of<br />
biological fuel cells are a most mo<strong>de</strong>rn<br />
part of nanotechnology and molecular<br />
handling technology. In the bioinspired<br />
systems for hydrogen production, photo<br />
synthetic apparatus from cyanobacteria,<br />
algae or photosynthetic bacteria and hy<br />
drogenase enzymes from various kinds<br />
reconstituted in the consi<strong>de</strong>ration for<br />
effective electron transportation among<br />
the components. These technologies<br />
can resolve the problematic limit in the<br />
R & D for biological fuel cell systems is<br />
environmentally acceptable technology<br />
because of no use of much rare metals.<br />
Subtask C will focus on:<br />
1. Enzyme systems for hydrogen<br />
production.<br />
2. Bioinspired systems for hydro<br />
gen production.<br />
3. Biological fuel cells coupling<br />
enzymes and even whole organisms to<br />
electro<strong>de</strong>s.<br />
Goal: Finding the solution to<br />
realize the biohydrogen process<br />
in the coming hydrogen society.<br />
Adaptation of the technology is<br />
analyzed from the economical,<br />
technological and socialistic point<br />
of view.<br />
Attention to renewable energy<br />
technologies like BioHydrogen has been<br />
increasing not only due to its environ<br />
mentally acceptable characteristics, but<br />
also due to the recent rise in the price<br />
of oil. BioHydrogen has quite different<br />
characteristics from energy systems<br />
based on fossil fuels; BioHydrogen en<br />
ergy sources, sunlight and biomass, are<br />
found around the world. Therefore, we<br />
have to evaluate this technology from<br />
both sociological and economical points<br />
of view. The effects of BioHydrogen on<br />
social systems and human life are to be<br />
evaluated. Analysis of unstable factors<br />
(i.e. availability of sunlight and biomass)<br />
manipulated microorganisms) should be<br />
studied. Other important subjects are<br />
economic analysis and social accep<br />
tance.<br />
Subtask D will focus on:<br />
1. Effects of BioHydrogen on social<br />
systems and human life<br />
2. Analysis of unstable factors and<br />
risks of BioHydrogen<br />
3. Economic and social conditions<br />
nee<strong>de</strong>d to realize BioHydrogen.<br />
DURATION<br />
program was proposed. The task 21 is<br />
scheduled for a threeyear period, with<br />
an option for a 2year extension. The<br />
task 21 was proposed and tentatively<br />
approved at 52th ExCo meeting in<br />
Norway, May 9, 2005. Then, the pro<br />
posal revised in the kickoff meeting <strong>by</strong><br />
expert of Task 21 in IHEC 2005 (Inter<br />
31<br />
“BioHydrogen<br />
has different<br />
characteristics<br />
from energy systems<br />
based on fossil fuels;<br />
BioHydrogen energy<br />
sources, sunlight<br />
and biomass, are<br />
found around the<br />
world. Therefore,<br />
we evaluate this<br />
technology from<br />
both sociological<br />
and economical<br />
points of view.”