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Figure2: SEM image of ZnO nanorod<br />
array (a) uncoated and (b) coated with<br />
Fe 2 O 3 (CSIRO).<br />
Figure3: Mo<strong>de</strong>l for carbon incor<br />
poration at a Ti vacancy site in rutile<br />
(CSIRO).<br />
At the Centre for Materials Research<br />
in Energy Conversion of the University<br />
of New South Wales (UNSW), the for<br />
mation of titanium vacancies in gassolid<br />
TiO 2 interface and the <strong>de</strong>termination of<br />
the rate of their propagation in the TiO 2<br />
bulk lattice has been discovered. This<br />
led to the successful <strong>de</strong>velopment of<br />
ptype TiO 2 at elevated temperatures of<br />
up to 1050°C. This allows the prepa<br />
ration of ptype TiO 2 without the need<br />
to incorporate foreign ions into the<br />
TiO 2 lattice. They were found to form<br />
a segregationinduced potential bar<br />
rier that retards charge transfer. TiO 2<br />
quasimetallic properties, which should<br />
allow the construction of PEC cells with<br />
enhanced charge transport. In addition,<br />
surface sites have been<br />
2<br />
formation of the active complex between<br />
H O and TiO 2 . This should pave the way<br />
to process TiO 2 photoelectro<strong>de</strong>s with<br />
enhanced performance through surface<br />
engineering. Finally, segregationin<br />
duced concentration gradients and the<br />
related electrical potential barrier for<br />
donordoped TiO 2<br />
Followon research aims to use the phe<br />
nomenon of segregation as the technol<br />
potential required for enhanced PEC<br />
<strong>de</strong>vice performance.<br />
At the University of Queensland,<br />
transient photocurrent measurements<br />
are being employed to elucidate the<br />
charge carrier dynamics of the metal<br />
oxi<strong>de</strong> materials produced at CSIRO.<br />
The method, also known as the “time<br />
strongly absorbed laser pulse to excite<br />
electronhole (eh) pairs close to one<br />
surface of the material in question. The<br />
charge carriers are preferentially trans<br />
ported to a counter electro<strong>de</strong> <strong>by</strong> an<br />
current transients over a broad range of<br />
temperatures (–200°C to +50°C) yields<br />
information about e and h mobilities as<br />
well as trap distribution and activation<br />
energy.<br />
At the Atomic Energy Commission<br />
(CEA), a new R&D program is being<br />
established for the <strong>de</strong>velopment of TiO 2 <br />
based PEC photoelectro<strong>de</strong> materials,<br />
related photocatalysis, and associated<br />
processing techniques. Early work<br />
has been focusing on the preparation<br />
of WO 3 and mixed WO 3 /TiO 2 coatings<br />
using magnetron sputtering and CVD<br />
techniques.<br />
At the National Centre for Scien<br />
progress was reported on the tailoring of<br />
electronic and photophysical properties<br />
23