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Ms. Elisabet Fjermestad Hagen Norsk Hydro ASA Operating Agent for the Norwegian Research Council INTRODUCTION IEA Hydrogen Implementing Agree ment Annex 16 concerns Hydrogen from CarbonContaining Materials. The overall objective is to promote the processes for hydrogen production from fossil and biomass resources while keeping CO 2 emissions at a minimum. The activities are organised in three Subtasks: Hydrogen From CarbonContaining Materials A: Largescale integrated hydrogen production B: Hydrogen from biomass C: Small stationary reformers for distributed hydrogen production Subtask A is organised by the IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme. Subtask B and C are organised as work groups involving energy companies, suppliers, and institutes. Annex 16 has members from a large number of countries in Europe, the USA, Japan and Singapore. Current member details are listed in Appendix 1. TASK DESCRIPTION, ACTIVITIES AND RESULTS IN 2005 The work in Subtasks A and C has report for Subtask B is currently being report for Task 16, together with recom mendations for followup activities, will be submitted to the IEA HIA Executive committee for its Spring 2006 meeting. Subtask A is complete. An indus tryled project, Subtask A focused on designing a precombustion decarboni sation (PCDC) power plant for demon stration purposes. It also investigated the potential for cost reduction through modularisation and standardisation of proven plant components. The task was divided into two stages. results of all relevant studies and review the process options on a common technical and economic basis. The aim was to examine each option with respect to cost and technical risk and select a small subset of preferred options. The results from this comparison were used to select a process scheme for a de tailed engineering study in the second stage. The engineering study was mainly CCP (CO 2 Capture Project) is an inter national initiative that includes eight of the world’s leading energy companies: BP, Chevron Texaco, ENI, Hydro, En Cana, Shell, Statoil, and Suncor Energy. The CCP’s objective is to develop new lowcost technology options for CO 2 capture and storage. Jacobs Consul tancy, part of the international Jacobs Engineering Group, was selected to execute this study. The study contains a detailed engi neering evaluation of a complete natural plant based on airblown autothermal re forming. The study also covers integra tion aspects, investigates cost reduction potential through standardization and repeat manufacturing, and provides a detailed economic analysis, including a sensitivity analysis for gas price and availability. In addition, a market evalua tion has been performed to estimate the “The work in Subtasks A and C has been completed, and reports have been report for Subtask B is currently being prepared by its 1 Subtask reports and report for Task 16 will be submitted to the IEA HIA Executive committee for its Spring 2006 meeting.”
2 “The Subtask B approach is marketbased. It aims to identify pathways...for producing hydrogen as an end product. It also hopes to contribute to more realistic priority setting relative to research on biomass resources.” “It is also the aim of Subtask B members to recommend issues for followup... for a possible new task in IEA HIA.” stations with CO 2 capture for the pe riod of 2005 to 2025. Potential savings through standardization are obtained by comparing the cost of a repetitive design nents. The Jacobs engineering study has been submitted to the Executive Com mittee. The main results and conclu sions were presented at the October 2005 Executive Committee meeting in Singapore. results of the PCDC studies and a sum engineering study. Subtask B had three (3) member meetings in 2005 as well as contacts Subtask B has nine (9) members from seven (7) countries: France, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Singapore and Denmark. Members are currently The objective of Subtask B is to evaluate the technical and economic po tential of different biomasstohydrogen applications and establish R&D needs. Biomasstohydrogen is a complex area, where a number of pathways are potentially relevant. These pathways are generally considered in terms of re source availability and properties, appro priate process technologies, and end use. Adding to the complexity are other variables: production scales related to resource availability, costs related to enduse, logistics, and feed preparation related to feed properties. The Subtask B approach is mar ketbased. It aims to identify pathways that are useful for producing hydrogen as an end product. It also hopes to contribute to more realistic priority set ting relative to research on biomass resources. Using a pragmatic, market driven approach, the intent is to search for pathways employing renewable energy sources that, although not cur rently feasible, could potentially be used to improve the energy mix in terms of GHG emissions, security and diversity of energy supply, and local air pollution. Subtask B does not target bioenergy researchers and specialists. Instead, it is oriented more towards policy makers technology managers, business devel opers, and energy strategists in indus trial companies concerned with sourc ing/production and use of hydrogen. Hydrogen from biomass can be used as direct fuel, an energy carrier (e.g. blend ing with other H2 or natural gas) or a carbonfree feedstock as an alternative to current feedstocks. The Subtask B report will review available technologies for producing hydrogen from biomass and assess ap plication potentials while analyzing gaps and needs, especially for R&D. Techni cally, the focus is on thermochemical solid fuels. It is also the aim of Subtask B mem bers to recommend issues for followup, which can be issues for a possible new task in IEA HIA. The work in Subtask C has Executive Group of IEA HIA. A proposal for a new Task has been developed by the Subtask C members with invitations to potential participants in a possible new Task. The objective of Subtask C has markets and make recommendations for the design of small reformers by analys ing the technology status and market requirements. The Subtask members represent a wide spectrum of players in cluding technology providers, academic researchers, and technology users. The work has been focused on commercial and precommercial small scale reforming technology (time frame of 510 years), rather than on future technologies that are presently basic re search and might only become commer cial in the long term (beyond 20 years).
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Page 3 and 4: Introduction Annexes i Members ii C
Page 5 and 6: ii Mr. J. P. Cotzen (CEC) 1977198
Page 7 and 8: iv “I am very proud of the growth
Page 9 and 10: vi The HIA experienced a series of
Page 11 and 12: viii “The transition to unexpecte
Page 13: x COMPLETED Task 1 Thermochemical P
Page 17 and 18: 4 CO 2 Handling 3 Onsite CO 2 cap
Page 19 and 20: 6 “Task 17 consists of 36 R&D pro
Page 21 and 22: 8 •Proj. C1. Hydrogen storage i
Page 23 and 24: 10 “During 2004 and 2005 Task 17
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Page 27 and 28: 14 Public website for Annex 18: htt
Page 29 and 30: 16 “The Goals • Survey and anal
Page 31 and 32: 18 Activity A.2 “...benchmark com
Page 33 and 34: 20 “A uniformly safe infrastructu
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Page 37 and 38: 24 Task 20 Members • Australia
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Page 43 and 44: 30 Task 21 Biohydrogen • Subtask
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Page 49 and 50: 36 Subtask D: Overall Analysis to c
Page 51 and 52: 38 “Blessed with abundant energy
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Page 55 and 56: 42 The Hydrogen Village is the dy
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52 Figure 6. The structure of Tekes
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54 Figure 8. Funding of fuel cells
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56 “The new programme PAN H was
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58 R&D Activities in Hydrogen •PE
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60 DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMMES • Bic
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62 MINISTRIES (MUR,MAP,MATT) Nation
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(4) Development of Technology for N
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standards and standardization plans
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KeeSuk Nahm, Chonbuk National Uni
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NATIONAL POLICY The Korean Governme
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74 “The Korean Government announc
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76 cated at KIER, Daejeon) 1.2 Biol
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78 (Source: Fuel cell scooter with
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82 “National Energy Conservation
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84 “The Government Strategy for h
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Dr. Antonio G. GarcíaConde Insti
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Puertollano plant. This effort will
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HYDROGEN IN SPANISH SOCIETY In orde
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Due to the low energy content of hy
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previously Sydkraft), and some smal
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For example, with production being
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Dr. Ray Eaton Department of Trade &
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communities with substantial renewa
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Pat Davis INTRODUCTION The Departme
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cycles of hydrogen storage. • Dev
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