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Glossary of Inspection Terms
critical defect—A defect that judgment and experience indicate is likely to result
in hazardous or unsafe conditions for the individuals using, maintaining, or
depending on the product; or a defect that judgment and experience indicate
is likely to prevent performance of the unit.
corrective action—Action taken to eliminate the root cause(s) and symptom(s) of
an existing deviation or nonconformity and to prevent its recurrence.
defect—A departure of a quality characteristic from its intended level or state that
occurs with a severity sufficient to cause an associated product or service not
to satisfy intended normal or reasonably foreseeable usage requirements.
design review—Documented, comprehensive, and systematic examination of a
design to evaluate its capability to fulfill the requirements for quality.
error—1. Error in measurement is the difference between the indicated value and
the true value of a measured quantity. 2. A fault resulting from defective judgment,
deficient knowledge, or carelessness. It is not to be confused with measurement
error, which is the difference between a computed or measured value
and the true or theoretical value.
flowchart—A graphical representation of the steps in a process. Flowcharts are
drawn to better understand processes. The flowchart is one of the seven tools
of quality.
inspection—The process of measuring, examining, testing, gauging, or otherwise
comparing a unit with the applicable requirements.
major defect—A defect that will interfere with normal or reasonable foreseeable
use, but will not cause a risk of damage or injury.
material control—A broad collection of tools for managing the items and lots in
a production process.
material review board—A quality control committee or team, usually employed
in manufacturing or other materials-processing installations, that has the
responsibility and authority to deal with items or materials that do not conform
to fitness-for-use specifications.
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