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322 Part IV: Quality Assurance
and so on. As employers are required to clearly mark and limit access to confined
spaces, employees are strongly advised not to enter these spaces.
• Lock-out/tag-out. Lock-out/tag-out refers to removal of electrical power
from tools, equipment, or other electrical circuits. It may be necessary to remove
electrical power for safety, to facilitate maintenance, or to stop use of selected
pieces of equipment or work spaces. When power is removed for any application,
a locking device is affixed to wires and/or electrical connections to prevent
reconnection of power—advertent or inadvertent. When power is removed and
an appropriate lock-out device is installed, it is strictly forbidden under CRF Title
29 to reconnect power. Under CFR Title 29, the only person authorized to reconnect
power is the person who disconnected the power and installed the lockout
device. Reconnecting power to equipment or work spaces where it has been
removed puts at risk not only the life of the person reconnecting the power, but
also anyone who may potentially come into contact with the reconnected equipment
or work space.
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Identify and apply reference materials and
documents such as ISO, ANSI, ASTM, QS
standards, and customer requirements as the
authority for certain procedures or actions.
(Application)
Body of Knowledge IV.E.2
Part IV.E.2
As has been noted throughout this book, customer expectations help to define
quality. An extension of customer expectations is a customer requirement, wherein
customers formalize their expectations in terms of selected quality systems, use
of selected standards, and/or compliance with certain policies and procedures.
These customer expectations may be set in the interest of standardization across
multiple vendors or facilities. These customer expectations may also be set in the
interest of communicating values or goals to customers as well as consumers.
Several sets of documents, reference documents, are used to specify customer
expectations. While it is beyond the scope of this book to provide an exhaustive
list of all reference standards, a number of the more common standards can be
accessed via the Internet at the addresses provided below. These documents originate
from organizations that include, but are not limited to, the following:
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO 9000 is a series of
standards pertaining to research and development, manufacturing, and service
delivery organizations. The ISO standards articulate requirements for the design,