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Chapter 10: D. Surface Plate Tools and Techniques 9112.70 ± 0.13 mm(.500 ± .005 in.)0.13 mm(.005 in.)Test indicator must notvary more than .005 in. fullindicator movement (FIM)over entire surfaceGage blocks(equal height inthree places)Part II.D.2Figure 10.3 An application of dial indicators for inspecting flatness by placing the workpiece ongage blocks and checking full indicator movement (FIM).Reprinted with permission of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Manufacturing Processes andMaterials, 4th edition, copyright 2000.Dial indicators are used for many kinds of measuring and gauging operations.One example is that of inspecting a workpiece, as illustrated in Figure 10.3.They also serve to check machines and tools, alignments, and cutter runout. Dialindicators are often incorporated in special gages in measuring instruments, asexemplified by the indicating micrometer in Figure 7.8, page 65.Vernier Height GageThe vernier height gage is similar to a vernier caliper except that the fixed jaw hasbeen replaced by a fixed base, and the sliding jaw may have a scriber attached to itfor layout work, or a dial indicator for measuring or comparing operations.Vernier height gages are presented in Chapter 7.2. ANGLE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTSIdentify and use tools such as protractors,sine bars, angle blocks, etc., in varioussituations. (Application)Body of Knowledge II.D.2
92 Part II: MetrologyThe unit standard of angular measurement is the degree. The measurement andinspection of angular dimensions is somewhat more difficult than linear measurementand may require instruments of some complexity if a great deal of angularprecision is required.The Sine BarPart II.D.2The sine bar is a hardened, precision-ground and lapped tool for measuringangles in different settings. It is a relatively simple device for precisionmeasuring and checking of angles. It consists of an accurately ground, flat steelstraightedge with precisely affixed round buttons a defined distance apart and ofidentical diameters.Sine Bar Application. Figure 10.4 illustrates one method of applying a sine barin the determination of the angle a on the conical surface of a part located on thesurface plate.For precise results, a sine bar must be used on true surfaces. In Figure 10.4 thecenter-to-center distance of the sine bar buttons = 127 mm (5 in.), and the distancesA and B are determined by means of gage blocks, or a vernier height gage:Thus,A = 25.400 mm (1.0000 in.)B = 89.794 mm (3.5352 in.)sine a = (89.794 – 25.400)/127.00= 0.50704.From trigonometric tables, the angle a is 30°28’.Sine Tables. Sine tables are a further development of the sine bar. The sine tablehas a larger working surface and is much more robust than the sine bar. It is moresuitable for larger, heavier parts.A = 25.400 mm(1.0000 in.)127.00 mm(5.000 in.)Sine barB = 89.794 mm(3.5352 in.)Surface plateFigure 10.4 Application of a sine bar.Reprinted with permission of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Manufacturing Processes andMaterials, 4th edition, copyright 2000.
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Chapter 10: D. Surface Plate Tools and Techniques 91
12.70 ± 0.13 mm
(.500 ± .005 in.)
0.13 mm
(.005 in.)
Test indicator must not
vary more than .005 in. full
indicator movement (FIM)
over entire surface
Gage blocks
(equal height in
three places)
Part II.D.2
Figure 10.3 An application of dial indicators for inspecting flatness by placing the workpiece on
gage blocks and checking full indicator movement (FIM).
Reprinted with permission of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Manufacturing Processes and
Materials, 4th edition, copyright 2000.
Dial indicators are used for many kinds of measuring and gauging operations.
One example is that of inspecting a workpiece, as illustrated in Figure 10.3.
They also serve to check machines and tools, alignments, and cutter runout. Dial
indicators are often incorporated in special gages in measuring instruments, as
exemplified by the indicating micrometer in Figure 7.8, page 65.
Vernier Height Gage
The vernier height gage is similar to a vernier caliper except that the fixed jaw has
been replaced by a fixed base, and the sliding jaw may have a scriber attached to it
for layout work, or a dial indicator for measuring or comparing operations.
Vernier height gages are presented in Chapter 7.
2. ANGLE MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS
Identify and use tools such as protractors,
sine bars, angle blocks, etc., in various
situations. (Application)
Body of Knowledge II.D.2