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Two-cut predictor 124 Discussion 126 Folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) (closed) 127 AMPA-Sensitive Glutamate Receptor GluR2 ligand binding core (closed) 128 Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LIR-1) (closed) 130 cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) (closed) 131 Ribose binding protein (RBP) (open) 132 Calmodulin (CaM) (open, calcium-bound form) 132 Web interface 134 Conclusions 135 Figures 136 Tables 157 Chapter 4: HingeMaster: normal mode hinge prediction approach and integration of complementary predictors 159 Overview 159 Introduction 160 The hNM family of normal mode based hinge predictors 163 hNMa: Which normal mode eigenvector is most important for hinge prediction? 163 Motion correlation based methods (hNMb, hNMc, hNMd) 167 The Hinge Atlas Gold 171 Integration of HingeMaster 172 StoneHinge 172 TLSMD 174 8
FlexOracle (FO1, FO1M, FO) 176 Definition of HingeMaster 175 Cross-validating HingeMaster parameters 179 Results 179 Weighting and evaluation of predictors 179 Web tools 182 Glutamine Binding Protein (GluBP) (open) 184 Human lactoferrin 186 Discussion 188 Statistical benchmarks 188 FlexOracle (FO) 191 hNMb, hNMd 191 TLSMD 192 StoneHinge 194 Complementarity of methods 195 Conclusions 196 Supplementary methods 197 Supplementary discussion 200 Figures 214 Tables 231 Chapter 5: The Conformation Explorer: economical prediction of large scale protein hinge bending motions 238 Overview 238 9
Page 1 and 2: Abstract Flexibility and domain dyn
Page 3 and 4: Flexibility and domain dynamics of
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Table of figures
Page 7: Can hinges be predicted by a simple
Page 11 and 12: Conclusions 279 References 281 Tabl
Page 13 and 14: Table of tables Table 2.1: Amino ac
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgements Committee: Mark Ge
Page 17 and 18: Introduction The problem of predict
Page 19 and 20: Ab initio methods attempt to model
Page 21 and 22: potential for simplification, motio
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1: The molecular motions da
Page 25 and 26: MolMovDB is a resource for studying
Page 27 and 28: voids in proteins, helix-helix pack
Page 29 and 30: A full-feature version of FIRST5 wi
Page 31 and 32: gradual transition from the initial
Page 33 and 34: energy. Thus the first residue list
Page 35 and 36: activity, DNA-directed DNA polymera
Page 37 and 38: homology table to an entry in the C
Page 39 and 40: Highlight active sites from the CSA
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.3: Conformational change a
Page 45 and 46: particular, we found that hinges te
Page 47 and 48: and the holo. In this case it is po
Page 49 and 50: Our molecular motions database serv
Page 51 and 52: We first made a simple GOR(Garnier-
Page 53 and 54: The morph trajectory was sterically
Page 55 and 56: protein in the Jmol window to his/h
Page 57 and 58: of the hinge was otherwise unclear,
Page 59 and 60:
Catalytic Sites Atlas (nonredundant
Page 61 and 62:
! ! ! ! ! h c = number of times res
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! ! ! ! µ h " d c D # H . It is eq
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As mentioned earlier, the fact that
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STRIDE[50] recognizes secondary str
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! ! alignment at this position[24,
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To test this idea, we decided to ca
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GOR method is useful for predicting
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! HI active"site (i) as 0.4 for res
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lowered, and the area under the cur
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would be preferable to the other, o
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Discussion Correlations were found
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Sequence in the immediate neighborh
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Figures p-value 0.5 0.25 0 .01 PHE
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Figure 2.3: Secondary structure Res
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Figure 2.5: Conservation: full set
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Figure 2.7: Solvent accessible surf
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completely random predictor, with a
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samples 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 80
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m = distance from nearest residues
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Hinge All Hinge Residues residues R
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in hinge residues HI p-value 1 277
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Total resid. in Hinge Atlas 54839 H
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Chi- Computer annotated set Hinge A
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BMC: Bioinformatics, we present the
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hinges. Kundu et al. use the lowest
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Domains can move relative to each o
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The quantity ! E(i) represents the
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Identification of local minima As w
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compute FoldX_energy (stability of
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energy element of each cluster was
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At least two sets of atomic coordin
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! FN (false negatives): Number of r
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We observed qualitatively (figures
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pairs of structures used to generat
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coordinate set does not significant
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The LIR family is composed of eight
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CaM is a major calcium-binding prot
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The results of running FlexOracle a
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Figure 3.2: Results for individual
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a. 139
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Figure 3.3: Folylpolyglutamate Synt
Page 143 and 144:
. c. 143
Page 145 and 146:
a. 145
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Figure 3.5: Lir-1 (closed) Morph ID
Page 149 and 150:
. c. 149
Page 151 and 152:
a. 151
Page 153 and 154:
Figure 3.7: Ribose binding protein
Page 155 and 156:
. c. 155
Page 157 and 158:
Tables GNM 157 Single-cut predictor
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Chapter 4: HingeMaster: normal mode
Page 161 and 162:
The problem of hinge prediction is
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Translation Libration Screw Motion
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! [ K] = [ U] " [ ] 2 [ U] T Where
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generated one ROC curve for each mo
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! ! 1 (l " k) A(k,l) = 2 % ' $ C(i,
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however, since we found that the Co
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A key part of this analysis involve
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describe its net vibrational displa
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! Because it cuts the backbone at t
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! ! x HingeMaster = x" # y . [6] 2
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different values of ! " * and gener
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manually select domains and color p
Page 185 and 186:
E. coli resides in the periplasmic
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The results for this protein are sh
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esidues (62). As is customary we al
Page 191 and 192:
FlexOracle (FO) The FlexOracle algo
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extra breakpoints based on visual i
Page 195 and 196:
hinge, it is usually predicted by a
Page 197 and 198:
Supplementary methods Statistical t
Page 199 and 200:
! ! ! eigenvector. The resulting re
Page 201 and 202:
TNC induces a conformational change
Page 203 and 204:
possibility that unexpected results
Page 205 and 206:
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl
Page 207 and 208:
predicted both hinges, again with m
Page 209 and 210:
Most predictors (including FO, Ston
Page 211 and 212:
FO, hNMb, and hNMd were completely
Page 213 and 214:
HingeMaster makes a strong predicti
Page 215 and 216:
Figure 4.2: ROC curves for HingeMas
Page 217 and 218:
Figure 4.3: HingeMaster results for
Page 219 and 220:
d. e. 219
Page 221 and 222:
221
Page 223 and 224:
Figure 4.5: Human lactoferrin (open
Page 225 and 226:
Figure 4.6: Troponin C (TNC) Morph
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Figure 4.7: Calmodulin, calcium fre
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229
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Tables Predictor Basis Max. hinge p
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test true c positive positive sensi
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235 Closed Metal bound # of hinge p
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Chapter 5: The Conformation Explore
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ending, which involves a rigid regi
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lengths and angles)[89]. The equili
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for holo as well as apo forms, but
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queried using the “?” button. O
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coordinate. This phenomenon is know
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! At the end of each equilibration
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aborted. This marked the correspond
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sRMSD has a major limitation that m
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with respect to the starting struct
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generated structure with respect to
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Ribose Binding Protein (RBP) As des
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strikingly similar both to the holo
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energy minimization. The minimizati
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Figures Figure 5.1: Assignment of r
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Figure 5.3: Results for glutamine b
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Figure 5.4: Results for biotin carb
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Figure 5.6: Results for Adenylate K
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close to the holo. The structure wi
Page 275 and 276:
Table 5.1: MolMovDB ID, PDB ID, fre
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with sRMSD; however its main utilit
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morph server, and left confident th
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9. M Gerstein RJ, T Johnson, J Tsai
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28. Wriggers W, Schulten K: Protein
Page 285 and 286:
45. Dumontier M, Yao R, Feldman HJ,
Page 287 and 288:
62. Thorpe MF, D.J. Jacobs, M.V. Ch
Page 289 and 290:
81. Winn MD, Isupov MN, Murshudov G
Page 291 and 292:
98. Morris GM, Goodsell DS, Hallida
Page 293 and 294:
115. Miyazawa T: Normal Vibrations
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