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esidues, provided an accurate measure of the degree to which a protein exhibited hinge bending. High scores, close to unity, indicated proteins more likely to exhibit hinge bending motion. Lower scores, below 0.9 or so, were very unlikely to do so. We sorted the 1000 nonredundant morphs by descending normalized flexprot score (described earlier) and annotated them in that order. Those proteins for which we could find hinges allowing a positive answer to the question above were annotated and added to the Hinge Atlas. Those proteins which did not exhibit hinge bending motion or for which no suitable hinge could be found were discarded. At the end of this culling and annotation effort, the Hinge Atlas contained 214 nonredundant annotated morphs. We also manually annotated a small set of specifically fragment (rather than domain) hinge bending motions which may be useful for some studies, described below. Availability of datasets In the course of this study we compiled a number of sets of morphs which can be viewed on our online galleries listed and linked to on our sets page. The Hinge Atlas and computer annotated sets are compared more rigorously in the “Statistical comparison of datasets” section. The galleries provide easy browsing and visual inspection of morph movies sharing certain characteristics. The sets offered include: Nonredundant: No two morphs in this set have more than 90% sequence homology. This set was compiled by alignment to proteins in nrdb90. Catalytic Sites Atlas: All morphs in this set have annotated active sites which can be highlighted in the jmol viewer. 58
Catalytic Sites Atlas (nonredundant): Same as above, but with redundant morphs removed by comparison to nrdb90. FlexProt Hinges: Computer annotated set used in parts of this study and described above. We consider it to be less useful than the Hinge Atlas, but the data is nonetheless made available. Fragment Hinge Motions: A small set of hinge bending motions involving fragments smaller than domains, as alluded to in the previous section. Hinge Atlas: Contains the manually annotated protein pairs used in this study. A link on the sets page permits the download of the sequence data (including residue number, residue type, hinge annotation, catalytic site annotation, and secondary structure) in mySQL format. The same data is available in tab-delimited text format which is human readable and importable into MS Excel and other packages. Another link on the same page facilitates the download of the interpolated structure files associated with each morph in the Hinge Atlas set. Clicking on the thumbnail image leads to the “movies” page, where users can browse through the 214 proteins in the Hinge Atlas. Clicking on any of the protein thumbnail images, in turn, leads to the corresponding morph page, where the hinge annotation can be viewed as described in the “Hinge Annotation Tool” section 59
Page 1 and 2:
Abstract Flexibility and domain dyn
Page 3 and 4:
Flexibility and domain dynamics of
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents Table of figures
Page 7 and 8: Can hinges be predicted by a simple
Page 9 and 10: FlexOracle (FO1, FO1M, FO) 176 Defi
Page 11 and 12: Conclusions 279 References 281 Tabl
Page 13 and 14: Table of tables Table 2.1: Amino ac
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgements Committee: Mark Ge
Page 17 and 18: Introduction The problem of predict
Page 19 and 20: Ab initio methods attempt to model
Page 21 and 22: potential for simplification, motio
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1: The molecular motions da
Page 25 and 26: MolMovDB is a resource for studying
Page 27 and 28: voids in proteins, helix-helix pack
Page 29 and 30: A full-feature version of FIRST5 wi
Page 31 and 32: gradual transition from the initial
Page 33 and 34: energy. Thus the first residue list
Page 35 and 36: activity, DNA-directed DNA polymera
Page 37 and 38: homology table to an entry in the C
Page 39 and 40: Highlight active sites from the CSA
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.3: Conformational change a
Page 45 and 46: particular, we found that hinges te
Page 47 and 48: and the holo. In this case it is po
Page 49 and 50: Our molecular motions database serv
Page 51 and 52: We first made a simple GOR(Garnier-
Page 53 and 54: The morph trajectory was sterically
Page 55 and 56: protein in the Jmol window to his/h
Page 57: of the hinge was otherwise unclear,
Page 61 and 62: ! ! ! ! ! h c = number of times res
Page 63 and 64: ! ! ! ! µ h " d c D # H . It is eq
Page 65 and 66: As mentioned earlier, the fact that
Page 67 and 68: STRIDE[50] recognizes secondary str
Page 69 and 70: ! ! alignment at this position[24,
Page 71 and 72: To test this idea, we decided to ca
Page 73 and 74: GOR method is useful for predicting
Page 75 and 76: ! HI active"site (i) as 0.4 for res
Page 77 and 78: lowered, and the area under the cur
Page 79 and 80: would be preferable to the other, o
Page 81 and 82: Discussion Correlations were found
Page 83 and 84: Sequence in the immediate neighborh
Page 85 and 86: Figures p-value 0.5 0.25 0 .01 PHE
Page 87 and 88: Figure 2.3: Secondary structure Res
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2.5: Conservation: full set
Page 91 and 92: Figure 2.7: Solvent accessible surf
Page 93 and 94: completely random predictor, with a
Page 95 and 96: samples 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 80
Page 97 and 98: m = distance from nearest residues
Page 99 and 100: Hinge All Hinge Residues residues R
Page 101 and 102: in hinge residues HI p-value 1 277
Page 103 and 104: Total resid. in Hinge Atlas 54839 H
Page 105 and 106: Chi- Computer annotated set Hinge A
Page 107 and 108: BMC: Bioinformatics, we present the
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hinges. Kundu et al. use the lowest
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Domains can move relative to each o
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The quantity ! E(i) represents the
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Identification of local minima As w
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compute FoldX_energy (stability of
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energy element of each cluster was
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At least two sets of atomic coordin
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! FN (false negatives): Number of r
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We observed qualitatively (figures
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pairs of structures used to generat
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coordinate set does not significant
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The LIR family is composed of eight
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CaM is a major calcium-binding prot
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The results of running FlexOracle a
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Figure 3.2: Results for individual
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a. 139
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Figure 3.3: Folylpolyglutamate Synt
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. c. 143
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a. 145
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Figure 3.5: Lir-1 (closed) Morph ID
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. c. 149
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a. 151
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Figure 3.7: Ribose binding protein
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. c. 155
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Tables GNM 157 Single-cut predictor
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Chapter 4: HingeMaster: normal mode
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The problem of hinge prediction is
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Translation Libration Screw Motion
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! [ K] = [ U] " [ ] 2 [ U] T Where
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generated one ROC curve for each mo
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! ! 1 (l " k) A(k,l) = 2 % ' $ C(i,
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however, since we found that the Co
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A key part of this analysis involve
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describe its net vibrational displa
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! Because it cuts the backbone at t
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! ! x HingeMaster = x" # y . [6] 2
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different values of ! " * and gener
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manually select domains and color p
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E. coli resides in the periplasmic
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The results for this protein are sh
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esidues (62). As is customary we al
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FlexOracle (FO) The FlexOracle algo
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extra breakpoints based on visual i
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hinge, it is usually predicted by a
Page 197 and 198:
Supplementary methods Statistical t
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! ! ! eigenvector. The resulting re
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TNC induces a conformational change
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possibility that unexpected results
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UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl
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predicted both hinges, again with m
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Most predictors (including FO, Ston
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FO, hNMb, and hNMd were completely
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HingeMaster makes a strong predicti
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Figure 4.2: ROC curves for HingeMas
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Figure 4.3: HingeMaster results for
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d. e. 219
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221
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Figure 4.5: Human lactoferrin (open
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Figure 4.6: Troponin C (TNC) Morph
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Figure 4.7: Calmodulin, calcium fre
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229
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Tables Predictor Basis Max. hinge p
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test true c positive positive sensi
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235 Closed Metal bound # of hinge p
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Chapter 5: The Conformation Explore
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ending, which involves a rigid regi
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lengths and angles)[89]. The equili
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for holo as well as apo forms, but
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queried using the “?” button. O
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coordinate. This phenomenon is know
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! At the end of each equilibration
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aborted. This marked the correspond
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sRMSD has a major limitation that m
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with respect to the starting struct
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generated structure with respect to
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Ribose Binding Protein (RBP) As des
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strikingly similar both to the holo
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energy minimization. The minimizati
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Figures Figure 5.1: Assignment of r
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Figure 5.3: Results for glutamine b
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Figure 5.4: Results for biotin carb
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Figure 5.6: Results for Adenylate K
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close to the holo. The structure wi
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Table 5.1: MolMovDB ID, PDB ID, fre
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with sRMSD; however its main utilit
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morph server, and left confident th
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9. M Gerstein RJ, T Johnson, J Tsai
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28. Wriggers W, Schulten K: Protein
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45. Dumontier M, Yao R, Feldman HJ,
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62. Thorpe MF, D.J. Jacobs, M.V. Ch
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81. Winn MD, Isupov MN, Murshudov G
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98. Morris GM, Goodsell DS, Hallida
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115. Miyazawa T: Normal Vibrations
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