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As in the case of Glutamine Binding Protein, StoneHinge did not predict the second largest domain as a single domain, instead predicting it as multiple smaller domains. Again, the StoneHinge output noted that its prediction did not correspond to domain motion. TLSMD finds the domain boundary at 228/229 in all partitions (N=2,3,4,5), but does not find the boundary at 20/21 until N=6. TLSMD analyses of the two peptide chains in 1EJD are consistent in this regard (8.c). TLSMD 6-group boundaries for 1EJD chains A and B. The continuous domain consisting of residues 21-228 is broken into 3 segments (green/magenta/red) by TLSMD, which may be interpreted as due to local flexibility of the loop of residues (108-127) at the top of the green domain in Figure 8a. Enolase HAG hinges: 149-150,317-318 Enolase is an archetypal member of the Enolase superfamily of proteins, which abstract the α–protons of carboxylic acids to form enolic intermediates. Enolase itself catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate in glycolysis The structure contains two binding sites for divalent cations. Only partial successes were had for this protein. The open structure (3enl) had no bound metals. The StoneHinge came withing two residues of predicting the first hinge and missed the second, while hNMc predicted both hinges (although it also returned several false positives.) The closed structure (1ebg) did have bound metals, and again hNMc 206
predicted both hinges, again with multiple false positives. No other predictors had any success with this. We believe that the underlying difficulty with this protein stems from the motion itself. Although we have defined it as a hinge bending motion, arguments for a different classification are defensible. The domain motions are relatively small, and the hinge points are quite difficult to define, since the flexibility is distributed among many points. This is best observed by viewing the animated morph linked to from molmovdb.org/HAG. Elastase of pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of humans. Its virulence stems from the secretion of alkaline protease and elastase. Elastase is a metalloprotease that cleaves collagen, IgG, IgA, fibronectin, and other proteins as part of its invasive activity. It is structurally similar to thermolysin, with which it has 28% sequence identity. Domain hinge bending, with boundaries, was first suggested by Holland et al. This proved a particularly challenging protein. FO1M and hNMc predicted the hinge in the open conformer (the latter with multiple false positives.) Only hNMc and hNMd detected the hinges on the closed conformer, again with false positives. Some of the difficulty probably lay with the motion itself, which arguably had some shear motion component. However the primary difficulty is likely to lie with the two bound metals in 207
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Abstract Flexibility and domain dyn
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Flexibility and domain dynamics of
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Table of Contents Table of figures
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Can hinges be predicted by a simple
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FlexOracle (FO1, FO1M, FO) 176 Defi
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Conclusions 279 References 281 Tabl
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Table of tables Table 2.1: Amino ac
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Acknowledgements Committee: Mark Ge
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Introduction The problem of predict
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Ab initio methods attempt to model
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potential for simplification, motio
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Chapter 1: The molecular motions da
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MolMovDB is a resource for studying
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voids in proteins, helix-helix pack
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A full-feature version of FIRST5 wi
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gradual transition from the initial
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energy. Thus the first residue list
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activity, DNA-directed DNA polymera
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homology table to an entry in the C
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Highlight active sites from the CSA
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Figure 1.3: Conformational change a
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particular, we found that hinges te
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and the holo. In this case it is po
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Our molecular motions database serv
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We first made a simple GOR(Garnier-
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The morph trajectory was sterically
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protein in the Jmol window to his/h
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of the hinge was otherwise unclear,
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Catalytic Sites Atlas (nonredundant
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! ! ! ! ! h c = number of times res
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! ! ! ! µ h " d c D # H . It is eq
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As mentioned earlier, the fact that
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STRIDE[50] recognizes secondary str
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! ! alignment at this position[24,
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To test this idea, we decided to ca
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GOR method is useful for predicting
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! HI active"site (i) as 0.4 for res
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lowered, and the area under the cur
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would be preferable to the other, o
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Discussion Correlations were found
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Sequence in the immediate neighborh
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Figures p-value 0.5 0.25 0 .01 PHE
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Figure 2.3: Secondary structure Res
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Figure 2.5: Conservation: full set
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Figure 2.7: Solvent accessible surf
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completely random predictor, with a
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samples 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 80
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m = distance from nearest residues
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Hinge All Hinge Residues residues R
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in hinge residues HI p-value 1 277
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Total resid. in Hinge Atlas 54839 H
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Chi- Computer annotated set Hinge A
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BMC: Bioinformatics, we present the
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hinges. Kundu et al. use the lowest
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Domains can move relative to each o
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The quantity ! E(i) represents the
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Identification of local minima As w
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compute FoldX_energy (stability of
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energy element of each cluster was
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At least two sets of atomic coordin
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! FN (false negatives): Number of r
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We observed qualitatively (figures
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pairs of structures used to generat
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coordinate set does not significant
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The LIR family is composed of eight
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CaM is a major calcium-binding prot
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The results of running FlexOracle a
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Figure 3.2: Results for individual
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a. 139
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Figure 3.3: Folylpolyglutamate Synt
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. c. 143
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a. 145
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Figure 3.5: Lir-1 (closed) Morph ID
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. c. 149
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a. 151
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Figure 3.7: Ribose binding protein
Page 155 and 156: . c. 155
Page 157 and 158: Tables GNM 157 Single-cut predictor
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 4: HingeMaster: normal mode
Page 161 and 162: The problem of hinge prediction is
Page 163 and 164: Translation Libration Screw Motion
Page 165 and 166: ! [ K] = [ U] " [ ] 2 [ U] T Where
Page 167 and 168: generated one ROC curve for each mo
Page 169 and 170: ! ! 1 (l " k) A(k,l) = 2 % ' $ C(i,
Page 171 and 172: however, since we found that the Co
Page 173 and 174: A key part of this analysis involve
Page 175 and 176: describe its net vibrational displa
Page 177 and 178: ! Because it cuts the backbone at t
Page 179 and 180: ! ! x HingeMaster = x" # y . [6] 2
Page 181 and 182: different values of ! " * and gener
Page 183 and 184: manually select domains and color p
Page 185 and 186: E. coli resides in the periplasmic
Page 187 and 188: The results for this protein are sh
Page 189 and 190: esidues (62). As is customary we al
Page 191 and 192: FlexOracle (FO) The FlexOracle algo
Page 193 and 194: extra breakpoints based on visual i
Page 195 and 196: hinge, it is usually predicted by a
Page 197 and 198: Supplementary methods Statistical t
Page 199 and 200: ! ! ! eigenvector. The resulting re
Page 201 and 202: TNC induces a conformational change
Page 203 and 204: possibility that unexpected results
Page 205: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl
Page 209 and 210: Most predictors (including FO, Ston
Page 211 and 212: FO, hNMb, and hNMd were completely
Page 213 and 214: HingeMaster makes a strong predicti
Page 215 and 216: Figure 4.2: ROC curves for HingeMas
Page 217 and 218: Figure 4.3: HingeMaster results for
Page 219 and 220: d. e. 219
Page 221 and 222: 221
Page 223 and 224: Figure 4.5: Human lactoferrin (open
Page 225 and 226: Figure 4.6: Troponin C (TNC) Morph
Page 227 and 228: Figure 4.7: Calmodulin, calcium fre
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Page 231 and 232: Tables Predictor Basis Max. hinge p
Page 233 and 234: test true c positive positive sensi
Page 235 and 236: 235 Closed Metal bound # of hinge p
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 5: The Conformation Explore
Page 239 and 240: ending, which involves a rigid regi
Page 241 and 242: lengths and angles)[89]. The equili
Page 243 and 244: for holo as well as apo forms, but
Page 245 and 246: queried using the “?” button. O
Page 247 and 248: coordinate. This phenomenon is know
Page 249 and 250: ! At the end of each equilibration
Page 251 and 252: aborted. This marked the correspond
Page 253 and 254: sRMSD has a major limitation that m
Page 255 and 256: with respect to the starting struct
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generated structure with respect to
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Ribose Binding Protein (RBP) As des
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strikingly similar both to the holo
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energy minimization. The minimizati
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Figures Figure 5.1: Assignment of r
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Figure 5.3: Results for glutamine b
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Figure 5.4: Results for biotin carb
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Figure 5.6: Results for Adenylate K
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close to the holo. The structure wi
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Table 5.1: MolMovDB ID, PDB ID, fre
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with sRMSD; however its main utilit
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morph server, and left confident th
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9. M Gerstein RJ, T Johnson, J Tsai
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28. Wriggers W, Schulten K: Protein
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45. Dumontier M, Yao R, Feldman HJ,
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62. Thorpe MF, D.J. Jacobs, M.V. Ch
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81. Winn MD, Isupov MN, Murshudov G
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98. Morris GM, Goodsell DS, Hallida
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115. Miyazawa T: Normal Vibrations
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